定语从句教师版.doc

定语从句一、定义及相关术语1定语从句：修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。2先行词：被定语从句修饰的词叫先行词。3关系词：引导定语从句的词叫关系词。关系词有关系代词和关系副词。关系代词有that,which,who,whom,whose,as等；关系副词有when,where,why等。关系词通常有下列三个作用：A、引导定语从句；B、代替先行词；C、在定语从句中担当一个成分。二、关系代词引导的定语从句 1、who, whom, that 代替的先行词是人的名词或代词，在从句中作主语和宾语。Is he the man who/that wants to see you? He is the man （whom/ that）I saw yesterday. 2、whose 用来指人或物，只用作定语。 They rushed over to help the man whose car had broken down.Please pass me the book whose cover (=the cover of which) is green.3、which, that代替的先行词是事物，在从句中可作主语、宾语等。YesterdayIreceivedaletterthat/whichcamefromAustralia.The package（which / that）you are carrying is about to come unwrapped.三、关系副词引导的定语从句 关系副词when, where, why可代替的先行词是时间、地点或原因的名词，在从句中作状语。when, where, why的含义相当于“介词+ which”结构。先行词是situation, case, circumstances, scene, occasion或point等, 常用where 引导定语从句。Occasion有时也用when引导。All the world is in a peaceful situation(形势), where we can trade with each other equally.In some cases(情况) where you cant get along well with each other, you had better be sensible.This is not an occasion(场合) for laughter, where you must take things seriously.I have come to the point (地步)where I cant stand him.There are occasions when（=on which）one must yield.Beijing is the place where（=in which）I was born.Is this the reason why （=for which）he refused our offer?四、如何判断关系代词与关系副词 从句中的谓语动词后面缺少宾语时，就必须要求用关系代词；不缺时用关系副词。（错） This is the mountain village where I visited last year. （对） This is the mountain village （which） I visited last year. （错） I will never forget the days when I spent in the countryside. （对） Ill never forget the days （which） I spent in the countryside. 请你做一做：1. Is this museum _ you visited a few days age? （答案D）2. Is this the museum _ the exhibition was held. （答案A）A. whereB. that C. on whichD. the one 五、关系代词that 的用法 1）不用that的情况 a）引导非限定性定语从句时。 b）介词后不能用。 2）只能用that作为定语从句的关系代词的情况 a）在there be 句型中，只用that，不用which。 b）在不定代词anything, nothing, the one, all, much, few, any, little等作先行词时，只用that，不用which。 c）先行词有the only, the very修饰时，只用that。 d）先行词为序数词、数词、形容词最高级时，只用that。. e）先行词既有人，又有物时。 六、as, which 非限定性定语从句as 和which在引导非限制性定语从句时，这两个关系代词都指主句所表达的整个意思，且在定语从句中都可以作主语和宾语。注意the sameas；suchas 中的as 是一种固定结构, 和一样。As we know, smoking is harmful to ones health. The sun heats the earth, which is very important to us. I have got into the same trouble as he（has）. as 和which在引导非限制性定语从句时，但不同之处主要有： 1) as 引导的定语从句可置于句首，而which不可。 2) as 代表前面的整个主句并在从句中作主语时，从句中的谓语必须是系动词；若为行为动词，则从句中的关系代词只能用which。It rained hard yesterday, _ prevented me from going to the park. A. thatB. whichC. as D. it (答案B)七、 “介词+关系词”引导的定语从句1介词+which（指物）；介词+whom（指人）。The man to whom you talk just now is a famous runner.The service about which the students complain a lot should be improved.注意：a. 介词后面的关系代词不能省略。B. 有些动词短语中的介词是固定搭配，不可拆开：He is the student (who/whom/that) the teachers are looking for.The number of the children (who/whom/that) she takes care of is 30.2关系副词when, where, why 可以相应地转化为：介词+which结构。This is the house where(=in which) I lived two years ago. Do you remember the day when(=on which) you joined our club? I dont know the reason why(=for which) he said so.3. 复杂介词短语+which/whom引导的定语从句，是高考考查热点。They finally climbed up the mountain, on top of which many strange birds were seen. Look at the photo. This is Mr. Green, in front of whom sit three students.4. 不定代词+of+ which/ whom 引导的定语从句可化为of+ which/ whom+ 不定代词结构。不定代词有some, any, none, both, all, many, a few, few, a little, little, either, neither, one等。There are 40 students in our class, most of whom（=of whom most）like English.She has two sons, neither of whom（=of whom neither）is a teacher.She has many books, none of which (=of which none) is interesting.5. whose+名词引导的定语从句可转化为 the+名词+of+ which / whom 或 of+ which/whom+ the + 名词结构；of 表所属关系。I live in a room whose windows(=of which the windows/ the windows of which ) are all broken.This is my teacher whose handwriting(=the handwriting of whom/ of whom the handwriting) is excellent.6. 由介词+ 关系代词引导的定语从句，当主从句主语一致时，定语从句可缩略为：介词+ which/whom+ to do 结构。I have a small room in which I live(=in which to live). He has a good friend to whom he can turn for help(=to whom to turn for help).7. 介词后不一定只能接关系代词，可能会接关系副词，主要取决于介词及句子意思。He stood by the window, from where he could see outside.He graduated from Beijing University in 1988, since when he has improved himself in all aspects.They stayed there for three weeks, during which time they made friends with him.高考题链接（11年）1. (全国I) The prize will go to the writer _ story shows the most imagination.A. that B. which C. whose D. what 2. (北京) Mary was much kinder to Jack than she was to the others, _, of course, make all the others upset.A. who B. which C. what D. that 3. (上海) Youll find taxis waiting at the bus station _ you can hire to reach your host family.A. which B. where C. when D. as 4. (山东) The old town has narrow streets and small houses _ are built close to each other.A. they B. where C. what D. that 5. (江西）She showed the visitors around the museum, the construction _ had taken more than three years.A. for which B. with which C. of which D. to which 6. (江苏）Between the two parts of the concert is an interval, _ the audience can buy ice-cream. A. when B. where C. that D. which 7. (安徽）Whatever is left over may be put into the refrigerator, _ it will keep for two or three weeks. A. when B. which C. where D. while 8. (浙江) English is a language shared by several diverse cultures, each of _ uses it somewhat differently.A. which B. what C. them D. those 9. (天津) The days are gone _ physical strength was all you needed to make a living.A. when B. that C. where D. which （10年）10. (福建） Stephen Hawking believes that earth is unlikely to be the only planet_ life has developed gradually. A. that B. where C. which D. whose 11. (湖南) Ive become good friends with several of the students in my school _ I met in theEnglish speech contest last year. A. who B. where C. when D. which 12. (山东) Thats the new machine _ parts are too small to be seen.A. that B. which C. whose D. what 13. (重庆) In china, the number of cities is increasing _development is recognizedacross the world. A. where B. which C. whose D. that14. (山东)Wind power is an ancient source of energy _ we may return in the near future.A. on which B. by which C. to which D. from which 15. (全国) I refuse to accept the blame for something _ was someone elses fault.A. who B. that C. as D. what 16. (浙江) The settlement is home to nearly 1,000 people, many of _ left their village homes for a better life in the city. A. whom B. which C. them D. those （09年）17. (山东) Whenever I met her, _ was fairly often, she greeted me with a sweet smile.A. who B. which C. when D. that 18. (江苏) Because of the financial crisis, days are gone _ local 5-star hotels charged 6,000 yuan for one night. A. if B. when C. which D. since 19. (天津) A person _ e-mail account is full wont be able to send or receive any e-mails.A. who B. whom C. whose D. whoever 20. (陕西) Gun control is a subject _ Americans have argued for a long time.A. of which B. with which C. about which D. into which 21. (江西) The house I grew up _ has been taken down and replaced by an office building. A. in it B. in C. in that D. in which 22. (福建) Its helpful to put children in a situation _ they can see themselves differently.A. that B. when C. which D. where 23. (浙江) I have reached a point in my life _ I am supposed to make decisions of my own.A. which B. where C. how D. why 24. (重庆) Life is like a long race _ we compete with others to go beyond ourselves.A. why B. what C. that D. where 25. (北京) What do you think of teacher, Bob？I find it fun and challenging. It is a job _ you are doing something serious but interesting.A. where B. which C. when D. that （08年）26. (江西) Later in this chapter cases will be introduced to readers _ consumer complaints have resulted in changes in the law.A. where B. when C. who D. which 27. (四川) For many cities in the world, there is no room to spread out further, _ NewYork is an example.A. for which B. in which C. of which D. from which 28. (福建) By nine oclock, all the Olympic torch bearers had reached the top of Mount Qomolangma, _ appeared a rare rainbow soon. A. of which B. on which C. from which D. above which29. (山东) Occasions are quite rare _ I have the time to spend a day with my kids.A. who B. which C. why D. when （07年）30. (重庆) Human facial expressions differ from those of animals in the degree _ they can becontrolled on purpose. A. with which B. to which C. of which D. for which31. (山东)Where did you get to know her? It was on the farm _ we worked.A. that B. there C. which D. where 32. (山东)The book was written in 1946, _ the education system has witnessed great changes.A. when B. during which C. since th