常用的连系动词.doc

简单句的五种基本结构相关知识一、常用的连系动词大致可分为三类： 1）表示具有某种性质、特征或处于某种状态的(感官)系动词，如：be，appear，seem，look， taste，sound，feel，smell等。例如： The story of his life sounds interesting 他的生平听起来很有趣。 The plan looks good on paper，but will it work？ 这个计划从纸面上看不错，但能行得通吗？ The house appeared deserted 那所房子看来无人居住2）表示状态变化的系动词，如：become， come，fall，get，go，grow，turn，run，turn out等。例如： Leaves turn yellow in the autumn 树叶在秋天变黄。 The post of headmaster fellbecame vacant 校长的位子空了下来。 The sound of the music grew faint as the band marched away音乐声随着乐队走远而渐渐减弱。 3）表示某种持续状态的系动词，如： keep，remain，stay，rest，lie，stand等。例如： Few of the houses there remained standing after the earthquake地震过后，那里没有几所房子没有倒塌。 The book lay open on the table 那本书摊开放在桌子上。 The weather has stayed warm all week 天气整个星期都很暖和。 注意：（1）系动词后跟什么样的表语并不是任意的，有一些固定搭配需特别记忆。如： get ready（准备好了），get dark（天）变黑，turn red yellow（变红黄），go bad mad（变坏变疯），go wrong（出错），keep silent（保持沉默）， come true（实现了），fall asleep（睡着了），fall ill（生病），等。（2）系动词没有进行时（3）系动词没有被动语态。二、可接双宾语的38个常用动词(1) 双宾语易位时需借助介词to的常用动词 award sb. sth. = award sth. to sb. 颁奖给某人bring sb. sth. = bring sth. to sb. 把某物带给某人hand sb. sth. =hand sth. to sb. 把某物递给某人lend sb. sth. = lend sth. to sb. 把某物借给某人mail sb. sth. = mail sth. to sb. 把某物寄给某人offer sb. sth. = offer sth. to sb. 将某物给某人owe sb. sth. = owe sth. to sb. 欠某人某物pass sb. sth. = pass sth. to sb. 把某物递给某人pay sb. sth. = pay sth. to sb. 付给某人某物（钱）post sb. sth. = post sth. to sb. 把某物寄给某人read sb. sth. = read sth. to sb. 把某物读给某人听return sb. sth. = return sth. to sb. 把某物还给某人send sb. sth. = send sth. to sb. 把某物送给某人sell sb. sth. = sell sth. to sb. 把某物卖给某人serve sb. sth. = serve sth. to sb. 拿某物招待某人show sb. sth. = show sth. to sb. 拿某物给某人看take sb. sth. = take sth. to sb. 把某物拿给某人teach sb. sth. = teach sth. to sb. 教某人某物tell sb. sth. = tell sth. to sb. 告诉某人某情况throw sb. sth. = throw sth. to sb. 把某物扔给某人write sb. sth. = write sth. to sb. 给某人写信(2) 双宾语易位时需借助介词for的常用动词book sb. sth. = book sth. for sb. 为某人预定某物buy sb. sth. = buy sth. for sb. 为某人买某物choose sb. sth. = choose sth. for sb. 为某人选某物cook sb. sth. = cook sth. for sb. 为某人煮某物draw sb. sth. = draw sth. for sb. 为某人画某物fetch sb. sth. = fetch sth. for sb. 为某人去取某物find sb. sth. = find sth. for sb. 为某人找到某物fix sb. sth. = fix sth. for sb. 为某人准备某物get sb. sth. = get sth. for sb. 为某人拿来某物make sb. sth. = make sth. for sb. 为某人做某物order sb. sth. = order sth. for sb. 为某人订购某物pick sb. sth. = pick sth. for sb. 为某人采摘某物prepare sb. sth. = prepare sth. for sb. 为某人准备某物save sb. sth. = save sth. for sb. 为某人留某物sing sb. sth. = sing sth. for sb. 为某人唱某物（歌）spare sb. sth. = spare sth. for sb. 为某人让出某物steal sb. sth. = steal sth. for sb. 为某人偷某物注：有的动词后接的双宾语易位时，既可用介词to引出间接宾语，也可用介词for引出间接宾语，含义相同，如bring，play等：Bring me todays paper. = Bring todays paper to for me. 把今天的报纸拿给我。He played us the record he had just bought. = He played the record he had just bought for to us. 他放了他刚买的唱片给我们听。有的动词后接的双宾语易位时，即可用介词to引出间接宾语，也可用介词for引出间接宾语，但含义不同，如leave等：They left me no food. = They left no food for me. 他们没给我留一点食物。My uncle left me a large fortune. = My uncle left a large fortune to me.我叔叔死后留下一大笔财产给我。而有的动词后接双宾语时，既不能用介词to引出间接宾语，也不能用介词for引出间接宾语，如allow, ask, cause, charge, cost, forgive, refuse等：He allows his son too much money. 他给他儿子的钱太多。He asked me some questions. 他问了我一些问题。This caused me much trouble. 着给我带来了许多麻烦。He charged me five dollars for a cup of tea. 他一杯茶向我要了5美元。His mistake cost him his job. 他的错误让他丢了工作。I envy you your good luck. 我羡慕你的好运。They forgave him his rudeness. 他们原谅了他的鲁莽。He refused her nothing. 她要什么就给什么。三、接复合宾语的动词 英语中，有些及物动词接宾语后还需接宾语补足语来补充说明宾语的有关情况，这样意思才完整。宾语和宾语补足语合称复合宾语。常用句型为：主语及物动词宾语宾语补足语。可用作宾语补足语的有名词、形容词、现在分词、动词不定式、介词短语等。 1. 接名词作宾语补足语的动词常见的有call, name, think, make等。如： We call them mooncakes. 我们把它们叫作月饼。 2. 接形容词作宾语补足语的动词常见的有make, keep, think, find等。如： At first I found Chinese hard. 开始的时候，我发现汉语很难。 3. 动词不定式作宾语补足语时通常分为下面三种情况： 1）接带to的动词不定式作宾语补足语的动词常见的有tell, want, ask, wish, teach等。如： Tell him to come here the day after tomorrow. 告诉他后天到这里来。 2）接不带to的动词不定式作宾语补足语的动词常见的有hear, see, watch, let, make等。如： He made us laugh. 他使我们大笑。 3）接带to或不带to的动词不定式作宾语补足语的动词常见的是help。如： She often helps her mother（to） do some housework. 她经常帮母亲做家务活。 4. 接现在分词作宾语补足语的动词常见的有watch, see, hear, find, keep等。如： In the country, he can hear birds singing. 在农村，他能听到鸟儿歌唱。 5. 接介词短语作宾语补足语的动词常见的有find, keep, take等。如： The boy found his pen on the floor. 这个男孩在地板上找到了他的钢笔。 可用下面方法来判断一个及物动词所带的是双宾语还是复合宾语：如果宾语与其后的成分之间存在着逻辑上的主谓或主表关系，则该动词接的是复合宾语，否则就是双宾语。四、不及物动词A、不及物动词后面不跟宾语。只能用与：主谓结构。 This is the room where I once lived. 类似的还有：agree, go, work, listen, look, come, die, belong, fall, exist, rise, arrive, sit, sail, hurry, fail, succeed. B、既可以用作及物又可以用作不及物的动词，其意义不变。如begin 都是作开始讲。everybody , our game begins. let us begin our game. 类似的还有：start, answer, sing, close, consider, insist, read, learn, prepare, pay, hurt, improve. C、既可以用作及物又可以用作不及物的动词，其意义完全不同。这类动词作不及物动词是一个意义；而作及物动词时却是另一个意义。如lift作不及物动词时是指烟雾的消散。we saw the mountain when the clouds lifted. 作及物动词时是升高；举起。 He lifted his glass and drank. 类似的还有：beatvi.跳动 vt. 敲、打;grow vi.生长 vt.种植 play vi.玩耍 vt. 打（牌、球）,演奏 smell vi.发出（气味） vt. 嗅 ringvi.（电话、铃）响vt.打电话speak vi.讲话vt. 说（语言） hangvi. 悬挂 vt.绞死operate vi.动手术vt. 操作五、几组都错辨析1、beat/hit/strike1)beatbeatbeaten（连续地）打；击败；（心）跳动例句：My heart is beating fast.（我的心跳得很快。）They beat us in the match.（在这次比赛中，他们把我们击败了。）The rain was beating on the windows.（雨点敲打着窗子。）2)hit 打；击中；想出（后接on）例句：The football hit him in the eye.（足球打在他的眼睛上了。）He hit on a good idea.（他想出了一个好主意。）He hit his head hard on the floor when he fell down.（当他倒下时，头重重地碰到地板上。）3)strikestruckstruck打；敲；打动（心）；擦（火柴）；报时；突然想到，用途较广。例句：Strike while the iron is hot.（趁热打铁。）Dont strike the man with a stick.（不要用棒子打那个男人。）2、join/join in/take part in/attend1)join及物动词加入（团体，组织，参军）、同一起干或玩、连接例句：I joined the Party in 1975.（我1975年入党。）His brother joined the army two years ago.（两年前他哥哥参军。）They are planning to join the two towns by a railway.（他们在计划用一条铁路把两个镇连接起来。）2)join in 参加（某些活动）例句：May I join in your discussion?（我可以参加你们的讨论吗？）Many people join in the game every year.（每年许多人参加这个游戏活动。）He joined in the work without a second thought.（他未加思索地参加了那项工作。）3)take part in 参加（群众性活动，会议等）参加者持积极态度，起一份作用。例句：A lot of students took part in the thorough cleaning yesterday.（昨天许多学生参加大扫除。）A lot of college students took part in the movement last year.（去年很多大学生参加了那个运动。）4)attend 出席，参加，到场；上学例句：Did you attend the meeting last week?（上星期你出席会议了吗？）He was ill so he didnt attend his classes.（他生病了，所以没上学。）注意：attend的词语搭配attend a ceremony 参加典礼attend a funeral 参加葬礼attend a lecture 听演讲attend a concert 听音乐会attend church 上教堂3、lie/lay/lie1)lie不及物动词，躺；位于lielaylainlying例句：Shanghai lies to the south of Beijing.(上海位于北京的南方。)She has lain in bed for three days.(她已经在床上躺了三天了。)2)lay及物动词，放置；下蛋laylaidlaidlaying例句：These hens lay eggs every day.(这些鸡每天下蛋。)He laid his hand on my shoulder.(他把手放在我的肩上。)lie不及物动词，说谎lieliedliedlying例句：Dont lie to me.(别骗我。) She lies about her career.(她编造她的经历。)4、do /makedo“做”主要是用来表示“行动”“行为”，如do omelets是“把蛋卷煎好”。在do后面常加一些抽象名词，如do wrong（犯错）。“wrong”是抽象名词常与do搭配的短语有：do ones do (the) some do sb. a favor帮人忙 do with利用；忍受；