主谓一致学生.doc

主谓一致所谓的“主谓一致”，是指谓语在人称和数上必须保持一致。我们主要坚持两个原则：语法原则，就近原则。在语法原则中，我总结了三种：第一种：谓语用单数的情况。第二种：谓语用复数的情况。第三种：谓语可单可复的情况。（一）.谓语动词用单数形式的情况：1可数名词单数及不可数名词作主语，谓语动词用单数：A ball is under the desk.球在书桌下。The water is very hot.水很热。clothing，equipment，furniture不可数名词单数2当and连结并列的可数名词时，指的是同一个人、物、一副用具时时，谓语用单数。Our teacher and friend is Mr. Li.李老师既是我们的老师又是我们的朋友A knife and fork is on the table.3学科如politics , physics , maths, gymnastics等,以及书名、戏剧名、报纸及国家的名称等复数名词作主语，谓语用单数：Physics is very interesting.The United States is a large country.美国是一个大国。No news is good news.这个消息是真的。4不定式、动名词或名词性从句作主语时，谓语动词用单数。但是what引导的主语从句，谓语动词视情况而定。What we need is more time. What we need are more teachers.5（1）more than one +单数名词（2）many a +单数名词作主语（3）a +单数名词+ or twoMore than one shop was stolen last night.昨天晚上，不止一家商店被盗。Many a student was late for school this morning.今天早晨，许多学生上学迟到了A student or two has failed the exam.一两个学生考试不及格。6 each, every, many a ,no,分别修饰并列的主语时，Every boy and every girl likes the film star.所有的男孩和所有的女孩都喜欢这个电影明星。Every boy and girl was invited.所有的男孩和女孩都请了。分别修饰并列主语时，Many a boy and many a girl has handed in their books.许多男孩和女孩已经上交了书。7时间、距离、价格、度量衡的复数名词作主语时，谓语用单数，如：Ten miles isnt a long distance.十英里并非一段很长的距离。8主语为单数名词或代词，后面跟有 with, together with, along with,except, but, besides，in addition to，as well as, rather than, including, ,like 等引起的短语，谓语动词仍用单数形式；若主语为复数，谓语动词用复数形式。 E-mail, as well as telephone, is playing an important part in daily communication. 邮件和电话在日常交往中起着重要的作用。 Mr. Green, together with a baby was on the bus. 格林先生和一个孩子在车上。9One and a half+复数名词，谓语用单数One and half apples is left on the table.桌上剩了一个半苹果（二）.谓语动词用复数形式的情况1 His father and mother are professors.连接两个名词指不同人、事物时2 What he says and what he does do not agree.and连接两个相同的结构时3 My trousers are under the bed.表示成对物品的词注意 当这类名词前有“量词+ of”来修饰时，谓语由量词决定A pair of shoes is under the bed.床底下有一双鞋。4 The +adjThe old are well taken well in my country.5 a number of +复数名词”作主语时，谓语用复数The number of people invited was fifty, but a number of them were absent for different reasons. 邀请了50人但一些因不同原因缺席。（三）.谓语动词单数、复数皆可的情况1Every means has been tried. All means have been tried.2集体名词作主语时，视其意义来决定谓语动词的单复数：1police，people等名词复数； 2family，class，public，population等名词做主语时若看作整体时，谓语用单数；若看作个体时，谓语用复数形式His family is rich.他家很富有。（指整体）His family are all music lovers. 他家都是音乐爱好者。3 all，most，half，the rest of +a lot of/ lots of，a large quantity of + 名词作主语时，谓语动词的单复数由of 后的名词决定。如：A large quantity of people are needed here. A large quantity of food is needed here.但large quantities of修饰可数或不可数名词作主语时，谓语动词用复数。如：Large quantities of food / books are on the table.4分数或百分数+名词”构成的短语作主语时，其谓语动词的数要根据of 后的名词决定。Three fourths of the surface of the earth is sea.地球表面的3/4是由水覆盖。50 percent of the students in our class are girls.我班50%的学生是女孩。4在“one of + 复数名词 + who / that”引导的从句中的动词用复数，但当one之前有the, the only等修饰语时，从句中的动词则用单数。如： This is one of the girls who were late for the meeting.This is the only one of the girls who was late for the meeting.5 a kind of/a sort of/a type of/a series of +名词作主语时，取决于这些词的单复数。This kind of car is made in Harbin.这种小车是哈尔滨生产的。All kinds of difficulties have to be overcome.Some new forms of art were discussed at the meeting.二、就近一致原则1.当两个主语由either .or, neither .nor, not only.but also., whether.or.连接时，谓语动词和邻近的主语保持一致。 Either the teacher or the students are our friends. 不论老师还是学生都是我们的朋友。 Neither they nor he is wholly right. 无论他们还是他都是错误的。2.there be句型中，be动词的单复数取决于其后的主语。如果其后是由and连接的两个主语，则应与靠近的那个主语保持一致。 There are two chairs and a desk in the room. 房间里有两把椅子和一张桌子。 There is a desk and two chairs in the room. 房间里有一张桌子和两把椅子。精典例题：例1:The teacher together with the students _ discussing Reading Skills that_ newly published in America. （2009四川）A. are; were B. is; were C. are; was D. is; was例2:The population of Jiangsu_ to more than twice what it was in 1949. The figure is now approaching 74 million. （2009江苏）A. has grown B. have grownC. grew D. are growing例3:Dr. Smith, together with his wife and daughters,_ visit Beijing this summer. （2009陕西） A. is going to B. are going to C. was going to D. were going to 例4:Either you or one of your students _to attend the meeting that is due tomorrow. （2009湖南）A. are B. is C. have D. be 例5:At present, one of the arguments_ in favor of the new airport that it will bring a lot of jobs to the area. （2009江西） A. is B. are C. will be D. was 例6:The number of foreign students _attending Chinese universities rising steadily since 1997. (2009山东)A. is B. are C. has been D. have been例7:Did you go to the show last night?Yeah. Every boy and girl in the area _invited.（2008陕西）A. were B. have been C. has been D. was例8:Professor James will give us a lecture on the Western culture, but when and where_ yet. （2007浙江）A. hasnt been decided B. havent decidedC. isnt being decided D. arent decided例9:We live day by day, but in the great things, the time of days and weeks _ so small that a day is unimportant.（2007湖南）A. Is B. are C. has been D. have been 例10:A survey of the opinions of experts _that three hours of outdoor exercise a week _ good for ones health. （2007江西）A. show; are B. shows; is C. show; is D. shows; are精典习题1. Nobody but Jane_ the secret.A. know B. knows C. have known D. is known with but except including主语+ as well as +其他，谓语 besides 动词与前边 in addition ta 的一致。 apart from excluding2. All but one _ here just now.A. is B. was C. has been D. were此题中all指人，“大家，所有的人”谓语用复数；若指抽象事物，谓语应用单数。如：All is clear。一切都清楚了。3. Not only I but also Jane and Mary _ tired of having one examination after an other.A. is B. are C. am D. be or. 答：B。主语+ either.or. +其他，谓语 neither.nor. 动词与前边 not only. but also. 主语一致的4. A library with five thousand books _ to the nation as a gift.A. is offered B. has offeredC. are offered D. have offered5. When and where to build the new factory_ yet.A. is not decided B. are not decidedC. has not decided D. have not decidedWhat we need are some engineers. 我们需要的是一些工程师。What we need is an English interpreter. 我们需要一位英语翻译。6. The number of people invited _ fifty, but a number of them _ absent for different reasons.A. were, was B. was, was C. was, were D. were, were7. Either you or the headmaster_ the prize to these gifted students at the meet-ing.A. is handing out B. are to hand outC. are handing out D. is to hand out8. Apples of this kind_.A. tastes good B. tastes wellC. taste good D. taste well9. The Olympic Games _ held every four years.A. is B. are C. was D. has been10. Many a man _ come to help us.A. have B. has C. were D. are11. He is the only one of the students who _ elected.A. are B. have C. has D. is12. “All _ present and all _ going on well,” our monitor said.A. is, is B. are, are C. is, are D. are, is13. The Chinese _ hard working and brave.A. are B. is C. has been D. is being14. The rich _ not always happy.A. has B. is C. are D. have15. Every boy and every girl _ in our class. A. are working B. are worked C. is working D. is worked16. The family _ all music lovers. A. is B. are C. was D. beThe class is made up of 50 students.这个班有50名学生。Tbe class are having an English class.这个班的学生正在上英语课。17. Your trousers_ dirty, you must have_ washed.A. is, it B. are, it C. are, them D. is, them18. The police_ the murderer everywhere when he suddenly appeared in a theatre.A. is searching for B. were searching forC. are searching for D. were searching19. Everything in the room including the table and chairs _ new.A. are B. is C. were D. be20. The Chinese people _ a brave and hard-working people.A. are B. is C. has D. have21. Every means _.A. has tried B. have triedC. has been tried D. have been tried22. The worker and writer _ going to give us a lecture.