主谓一致导学案.doc

主谓一致导学案 主谓一致是高考英语的考点之一， 尤其是近年高考有时吧主谓一致与时态、语态、非谓语动词等语法项目综合在一起考查，从而增加了难度。【学习目标】1掌握英语主谓一致的一般规律，熟练运用人称和数上与主语保持一致的原则。2能够在书面表达中杜绝主谓一致方面的错误。【重点难点】1 谓语动词用单数的种种情况。2 就近原则。3 定语从句中的主谓一致。【自主学习】主谓一致指的是谓语动词在人称和数上必须与主语保持一致。处理主谓一致问题，可依据三项原则：语法上一致、意义上一致和就近一致。根据这些原则，总结如下：1. 时间、距离、重量、价值、数目等名词复数作整体看待时，谓语用单数。 eg: Thirty dollars _ too high a price for the book.（be） Another 10 years _ passed since he left. (have) Fifteen miles _ like a long walk to me. (seem)2. 由主语从句、不定式短语、动名词作主语时，谓语用单数。 When they will discuss it _ not been made public. （have） To die for the people_ a worthy death. (be) Looking after the children _ her full-time job. (be)3. 以s结尾的学科名词(maths, physics, politics, economics)作主语，谓语用单数。 Physics _worth studying. (be) Maths _ a difficult science. (be)4. 书、报、地名、国名、组织、疾病等以复数形式出现时，谓语用单数。 The Times usually _ for the British government.(speak) The United States _ made up of 50 states.(be) The United Nations _ a world organization.(be)5. news/ crossroads 等复数形式表单数概念时，而 works/ woods means单复数同形，视情况而定。 Bad news _ wings.(have) （好事不出门，恶事传千里） The glass works _ set up in 1980.(be) Every means _ been tried to settle the problem.(have) All means _ been tried to settle the problem.(have)6. 并列主语指同一概念时，谓语用单数。如:bread and butter(黄油抹面包), knife and fork(刀叉) A thief and murderer _ sentenced to death.(be) Bread and butter _ served for breakfast.(be) Care and patience _ needed in our work.(be) Early to bed and early to rise _a good habit.(be)7. some thing谓单 any one no body everywhere Someone _ looking for you.(be) Everything _ nice in your garden.(be) Anyone _ forbidden to smoke here.(be)8. each (each)名单谓单名单and every (every) no no many a many a Each man and each woman _ invited to the party.(be) Every boy and every girl as well as some teachers who to visit the museum asked to be at the school gate before 600 in the morning.A.are；are B.is；is C.is；are D.are；is但是，each位于and连接并列单数主语之后，修饰复数概念的主语时，谓语用复数。The boy and the girl each _ their own toys.(have)9. many a the whole名词单数谓单 each every neither either The whole nation _ in deep sorrow at Lincolns death.(be) Every country _ its customs.(have) Neither story _ true.(be)谓单10. each the名复数ofneither them, useither you注意：none of 和 neither of 后面跟复数名词或复数代词是，有时作单数看待，有时作复数看待，主要根据说话人的意思决定。Either of the bicycles _ to me.(belong)Neither of them _ solved the problem.(have)两个全都没解决问题。Neither of them _ solved the problem.(have)两个没有一个解决了问题。11. 由两个部分构成的物质名词（trousers, pants, jeans, compasses, glasses, shorts等）直接作主语时谓语用复数，若其前加 a pair of 则由pair的单复数决定谓语动词的数。 This pair of名词的复数谓单That pair ofA pair ofThe trousers _ cleaning.(need)That pair of trousers _ to me.(belong)Here _ some new pairs of shoes.(be)谓语单数12. There be + 名单 + and + 复数名词More than one + 名词单数More + 名复 + than one +谓语复数More than one soldier _ killed in the battle.（be）More soldiers than one _ killed in the battle.(be)13. a + 名单+ and+ a half + 谓单one and a half + 复数名词 + 谓单A month and a half _ passed since I saw him.（have）One and a half apples _ left on the plate.(be)14. man 人类谓单 All the world _ that the earth is round.(know)the world 世人clothing 衣着名词单/复数谓单15. a series of a species of A series of lectures on psychology _ said to be given by Mr. Stone.（be）16. the + 姓的复数形式 + 谓复The Greens _ going to make a trip to London.(be)17. 以复数形式出现的表示群岛，山脉，瀑布等的专有名词 + 谓复。The Philippines _ to the southeast of China.(lie)As is known to us all, the Rocky Mountains _in North America.(stand)18. the folks, people 等集体名词谓复 police, cattle Chinese, French 其中，Chinese, Japanese, English, French等表示语言时，谓语用单数。The police _running after the thief.(be)The Chinese _ very hard-wording.(be)Chinese _ difficult to learn.(be)19. the blind, deaf, poor, living, young, dead, wounded表示一类人 + 谓复。 Generally, the young _ greedy/ eager/ thirsty for knowledge.(be)20. 主语 + as well as, rather than, along/ together with, like, such as, besides, but, except + 名词 + 谓语与前面的主语一致。(就远原则) He as well as I _ absent from the meeting.(be)21. or, nor, eitheror, neithernor, not only, but also直接两个主语时，谓语与最近的一致。（就近原则） You, he or I _ right.(be) Neither you nor he _ right.(be) _ either he or you right?(be) 但：Both he and I are right. 除外 A pair of glasses on the table，but the glasses not yours.A.is；are B.are；is C.is；is D.are；are22. class, army, crew, family, team, enemy, group, party, couple, government, audience, committee等集体名词 + 谓语视情况而定, 看作整体时，谓语用单数；强调其中各个成员时，谓语用复数。 eg: His family_ small but the family _ advanced workers.（be）单名谓单复数谓复不可名谓单23. half, part, all, any, some, a lot, lots.Of plenty, rest, most, a supply, supplies. 分数/百分数 eg: Forty percent of the work _ been done.（have） the works _ been published.(have) Most of the food _ fit to eat.(be)the apples _24. A/ the + 单名and名单 指一个人+谓单指两个人+谓复 eg: The writer and teacher _ coming.(be) The writer and the teacher _ coming.(be) The man and woman _coming.(be)25. what, who, which, such常与其后的名词作表语一致。 eg: What you said _ of great importance.(be) What you left _ only several old books.(be) Such _ our plan.(be) Such _ his words.(be)26. one of the + 名复 + 谓单 one of the + 名复 + 定语从句 + 谓复 the (only/very) one of the + 名复 + 定语从句 + 谓单eg: He is one of the boys who _ helped me.(have) He is the (only) one of the boys who _ helped me.(haveOnly one of the students who _(be)present _(be)to speak at the meeting. Barbara is easy to recognize as shes the only one of the women who evening dress A.wear B.wears C.has worn D.have worn27. nobut 与前一致名词/代词 and not 与前一致Notbut 与后一致seen the film.(have)eg: No one but we _ Jack and not we _ Not one but we _ 28. population 单复数与表语一致。表整体用单数，表部分用复数。 eg: The population of China_ very large.（be） 80 percent of the population of China _ farmers.（be）29. The number of + 复数+谓单 A number of + 复数+谓复 eg: A number of rooms _ on sale.(be) The number of the rooms _ 20. (be)30. a large quantity of + 名单 + 谓单 名复 + 谓复/单 large quantities of + 名单/复 + 谓复 eg: Large quantities of money _spent on the bridge.(be)spent on the bridge.(be) A large quantity of money _ Materials_31. an amount of + 不可数名词 + 谓单 Amounts of + 不可数名词 + 谓复 A large amount of money _ spent on books.(be) Large amounts of money _ spent on books.(be)32. a variety of + 名复+ V复 名单+V单The variety of +名复+V单Varieties of 名单/复数+谓复 eg: A great variety of flowers _ shown there.(be) There _ a considerable variety of opinion.(be) There _ several varieties of red roses.(be)33. An average of +名复+谓复 the average of +名复+谓单 eg: An average of 3 students _ absent each day.(be) The average of 14, 3and 1 _ 16.(be)34. a total of +名复+谓复 The total of 名复+谓单 eg: A total of 300 letters _ received last month.(be) The total of letters received last month _ 300. (be)35. a majority/ minority of +名复+谓复 The majority/ minority +谓单/复 The majority/ minority of +名复+谓单/复数A majority of people _ part in the sports meet.(take)The majority _ in favor of the plan.(be)The majority of population _ in cities.(live)36. one or two +名复+谓复 a +名单or two +谓单 在倒装句中 one or two +名复+谓单eg: One or two days _ enough for them.(be) A book or two _ enough.(be) Inside each folder（卷宗）_ one or two sheets of information.(be)It is not J.K. Rowling but her works that us excited. A.makes B.is madeC.make D.are made37. one in/ out of/ of +名复+谓单，但在新闻报道中在非正式文体中也可用复数。eg: One out of twenty _ badly damaged.(be)38. all 作主语，若指人，谓语用复数；若指物，谓语用单数。 All _ present.(be) All _ going on very well.(be) All that should be done _ been done.(have)39.a/this kind/sort/type/form of + 复数名词 all/many kinds/sorts/types/forms of + 复数名词 谓语由of前的名词决定 复数名词 + this kind/sort/type/form This new type of buses _ now on show.(be) Buses of this type _ on show.(be) All kinds of difficulties _ to be overcome.(have) 活学活用：1、 Mathematics _ the language of science.(be)2、 Many a student _ English.(love)3、 There _ many books and a pen on the desk.(be)4、 More than one example _ necessary to make the students understand this rule clearly.(be)5、 Nobody but Jane _ the secret.(know)6、 No boy and no girl _ admitted.(be)7、 On the bed _ a pair of socks.(be)8、 Professor Smith, along with his assistants, _ working on the project day and night to meet the deadline.(be)9、 Three glasses of water _ what I want.(be)10、 Those kinds of fruit _ cheap.(be)11、 Books of this kind _ well.(sell)12、 Not only I but also Jane and Mary _ tired of having one examination after another.(be)13、 When and where to build the new factory _ yet.(decide)14、 Two thirds of Toms friends _(be) poor and two thirds of his money _(go) to these poor friends.15、 It is I who _ your true friend.(be)16、 In the dark forests _ many lakes.(lie)17、 With more forests being destroyed, huge quantities of good earth _ each year.A. is washing away B. is being washed away C. are washing a