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英语语法大全-词-及物动词及物动词 transitive verb英语中按动词后可否直接跟宾语，可以把动词分成两种：及物动词与不及物动词。及物动词： 又称“他动词”。又称“外动词”。动词的一种。它所表示的动作常涉及动作者以外的事物，如“吃”、“穿”、“读”、“写”等。字典里词后标有vt. 的就是及物动词。及物动词后必须跟有动作的对象（即宾语），并且可直接跟宾语。如see 看见 (vt.) +宾语 I can see a boy.其实所谓“及物”，就是后面可直接加宾语的动词，有被动形式，而不及物动词是没有被动式的，也不可直接加宾语，需加上介词。及物动词后面可直接接宾语，不及物动词后面不可直接接宾语，一般要加介词后再接宾语。实际上很多动词既是及物动词，又是不及物动词。举一个例子，就说write。如I am writing.和I am writing a letter.在前一个句子write是不及物动词，在后一个句子write是及物动词。又如，see是及物动词，但在特殊情况下如seeing is believing。不及物动词就是一个动作不能施加到另一个物体上，也就是后面不能加宾语。例如：He is running. run这个动词就是不及物动词，后面不能加sth。（不能说跑什么东西）分清及物不及物动词:分清动词的及物不及物是在英语学习中必须解决的首要问题。动词及物与不及物通常有以下几种情况：a主要用作及物动词。及物动词后面必须跟宾语。可以用于：主谓宾；主谓双宾；主谓宾宾补结构。如：He reached Paris the day before yesterday.Please hand me the book over there.They asked me to go fishing with them.类似的还有：buy, catch, invent, found, like, observe, offer, prevent, promise, raise, find, forget, receive, regard, see, say, seat, supply, select, suppose, show, make, take, tell.b主要用作不及物的动词。不及物动词后面不跟宾语。只能用于：主谓结构。This is the room where I once lived.类似的还有：agree, go, work, listen, look, come, die, belong, fall, exist, rise, arrive, sit, sail, hurry, fail, succeed.c既可以用作及物又可以用作不及物的动词，其意义不变。如begin 都是作开始讲。everybody , our game begins. let us begin our game. 类似的还有：start, answer, sing, close, consider, insist, read, learn, prepare, pay, hurt, improve.d既可以用作及物又可以用作不及物的动词，其意义完全不同。这类动词作不及物动词是一个意义；而作及物动词时却是另一个意义。如lift作不及物动词时是指烟雾的消散。we saw the mountain when the clouds lifted. 作及物动词时是升高；举起。He lifted his glass and drank.类似的还有：beatvi.跳动 vt. 敲、打;grow vi.生长 vt.种植play vi.玩耍 vt. 打（牌、球）,演奏 smell vi.发出（气味） vt. 嗅ringvi.（电话、铃）响vt.打电话speak vi.讲话vt. 说（语言）hangvi. 悬挂 vt.绞死operate vi.动手术vt. 操作在英语错误中，“及物动词介词宾语”（transitive verb+preposition+object），是常见的一种。所谓及物动词，就是谓语动词（predicative verb），不必通过介词引荐宾语。相反的，不及物动词（intransitive verb）是不带宾语的。有许多动词，虽然性质是及物的，但不一定要有宾语，如下列的a和a便是这种情形：a. We study every day.b. Do you study English every day.a. Please write clearly next time.b. Can you write your composition now?如果本质上就是不及物动词，就不会有宾语；若要宾语，就要借介词之助，一起连用才行(不及物动词+宾语+介词)，如b和b;a和a是错的；*a. The children are listening the music.b. The children are listening to the music.*a. She is laughing the crippled man.b. She is laughing at the crippled man.反之，及物动词不必靠介词，就可以带宾语，如上述的b和b ，又如和： John is giving a book to me. Who will answer this question?如果无意中把介词加上，就错了，如：* Who will answer to this question?下列这句从房地产广告中看到的句子，也犯了同样的错：“We have many buyers awaiting for available units here.”“Awaiting”是个及物动词，后面的介词“for”是多余的，要去掉；不然把“awaiting”改为“waiting for”也行。许多人习惯上喜欢把介词加到及物动词后面，然后才带出宾语。最常见的是“emphasize/stress on/upon”和“discuss about”，如： Singaporeans seem to have emphasized on material gains. In our education system, we stress upon examination results. World leaders spent a lot of time discussing about worsening economic problems.显然的，这三句里的介词“on/upon”和“about”是多余的，不必要的。下面是些类似的错误： The young must obey to their elders. Do not approach to that odd-looking man. The audience attacked on the rude speaker. Nothing can escape from his parents eyes. Do you hope to serve for your nation? When did Susan marry with Paul?介词“to, on, from, for, with”都要去掉才对。为什么会有这些错误呢？主因是分不清楚及物动词和不及物动词的性质。其次，就是对同一个动词及其名词的句型有些混淆。解决之道有二。第一，要把“及物动词宾语”和“不及物动词介词宾语”划分清楚，如： I did not answer him./ I did not reply to him. He reached Londan yesterday./ He arrived in London yesterday.第二，把及物动词转化为名词，然后加上适当的介词和宾语，如： Dont approach such a person. Is oral practice a good approach to language teaching?英语语法大全-词-不及物动词英语中按动词后可否直接跟宾语，可把动词分成不及物动词与和及物动词。不及物动词：字典里词后标有vi. 的就是不及物动词。不及物动词后不能直接跟有动作的对象（即宾语）。若要跟宾语，必须先在其后添加上某个介词，如to,of ,at后方可跟上宾语。具体每个动词后究竟加什么介词就得联系动词短语了，如listen to,look at.如：look 看 (vi.) x宾语(即不能直接加宾语). Look! She is singing.Look carefully! (注意：carefully 是副词，不是名词，故不作宾语)look at 看.+宾语 Look at me carefully! (me是代词，作宾语)at是小范围 in是大范围如：The students work very hard.学生们学习很努力。She apologized to me again. 她再次向我道歉。The accident happened yesterday evening.事故是昨天晚上发生的。分清及物不及物动词:分清动词的及物不及物是在英语学习中必须解决的首要问题。动词及物与不及物通常有以下几种情况：a主要用作及物动词。及物动词后面必须跟宾语。可以用于：主谓宾；主谓双宾；主谓宾宾补结构。如：He reached Paris the day before yesterday.Please hand me the book over there.They asked me to go fishing with them.类似的还有：buy, catch, invent, found, like, observe, offer, prevent, promise, raise, find, forget, receive, regard, see, say, seat, supply, select, suppose, show, make, take, tell.b主要用作不及物的动词。不及物动词后面不跟宾语。只能用于：主谓结构。This is the room where I once lived.类似的还有：agree, go, work, listen, look, come, die, belong, fall, exist, rise, arrive, sit, sail, hurry, fail, succeed.c既可以用作及物又可以用作不及物的动词，其意义不变。如begin 都是作开始讲。everybody , our game begins. let us begin our game. 类似的还有：start, answer, sing, close, consider, insist, read, learn, prepare, pay, hurt, improve.d既可以用作及物又可以用作不及物的动词，其意义完全不同。这类动词作不及物动词是一个意义；而作及物动词时却是另一个意义。如lift作不及物动词时是指烟雾的消散。we saw the mountain when the clouds lifted. 作及物动词时是升高；举起。He lifted his glass and drank.类似的还有：beatvi.跳动 vt. 敲、打;grow vi.生长 vt.种植play vi.玩耍 vt. 打（牌、球）,演奏 smell vi.发出（气味） vt. 嗅ringvi.（电话、铃）响vt.打电话speak vi.讲话vt. 说（语言）hangvi. 悬挂 vt.绞死operate vi.动手术vt. 操作需要注意的一点是：少数不及物动词唯一可跟的宾语是同源宾语，如：I dreamed a dream last night.初中英语语法中九种含动词不定式的句型初中英语语法中需要注意的九种含动词不定式的句型1. “Its time to do sth. = Its time for sth.” 意为“该做的时候了”。注意：该句式也可扩展为：“ Its time for sb. to do sth. ”“是某人做某事的时候了”。如： Its time for us to go to school. 我们该去上学了。2. “It takes sb. some time to do sth.” 意为“某人花费多少时间做某事”。如： It takes me twenty minutes to do my homework every day. 我每天要花二十分钟的时间做作业。3. “sb. be ready to do sth.” 意为“某人乐意做某事”。例如： He is always ready to help others. 他总是乐于帮助别人。4. “ +be （not） + adj. + enough to do sth.” 意为“某人或物足够（不能）做某事”。如： The boy is old enough to go to school. 这男孩已到了上学的年龄了。5. “Its + adj. +for/of sb. to do sth.” 意为“对某人来说做某事”。如： It is dangerous for children to swim in that river. 孩子们在那条河里游泳是危险的。6. “ would like/ love to do sth.” 意为“喜欢 / 想做某事”。本句式还可扩展为“ would like / love sb. to do sth. ”意为“喜欢 / 想让某人做某事”。例如： I would like to go swimming with you. 我想和你一起去游泳。7. “ had better do sth.” 意为“最好做某事”。例如： You had better not speak when your mouth is full of food. 满嘴食物时你最好别说话。8. “Why dont you + do + ？ = Why not + do + ？” 意为“你为什么不”。如： This book is a bit difficult. Why not read something easier？ 这本书有点难，你为什么不读点容易的？9. “Would/ Will you please + do + ？” 意为“请你好吗？”。如： Would you please open the window ？ 请你打开窗户好吗？中考英语语法点滴：动词不定式“特例”大搜捕一、省略“to”的动词不定式to是动词不定式常常带有的小品词，是动词不定式的标志。但在下列情况下它常常被省略掉。1. 作感官动词see，watch，hear，feel，notice等的宾语补足语时。如：We felt the house shake. 我们感到房屋摇晃。2. 作使役动词make，let，have等的宾语补足语时。如：She lets us meet her at the station. 她让我们去车站接她。3. help后的宾语补足语前可带to也可不带to.如：She helped her mother（to）prepare for Christmas. 她帮助她母亲为圣诞节做准备。4. “Will you please ？”结构中，不定式符号to要省略。如：Will you please close the door？ 请你关上门，好吗？5. “had better（not）”结构中，不定式符号to要省略。如：You had better not talk in class. 在课堂上，你最好不要说话。6. “would rather（宁愿）”结构中，不定式符号to要省略。如：I would rather stay at home. 我宁愿待在家里。7. “Why not ？”结构中，紧跟其后的动词不定式要省略to.如：Why not ask Jim？ 为什么不问问吉姆？8. 当两个或两个以上的不定式并列在一起时，第一个不定式前加to，后面的不定式往往省略to.如：He told me to finish my homework and（to）hand it in. 他告诉我完成作业并把它交上去。二、疑问词动词不定式疑问词what，which，how，where，when等可以和动词不定式连用，构成不定式短语。“疑问词动词不定式”可以作主语、宾语、表语等。如：When to start off hasnt been decided yet. 什么时候出发还没决定。（作主语）The question is which bus to take. 问题是乘哪辆公共汽车。（作表语）“疑问