初中现在完成时-详解配练习题.docx

现在完成时现在完成时 1表示过去发生或已经完成的动作对现在造成的影响或结果。常和just(刚刚)，already（已经），yet（已经），never（从不），ever（曾经），before（以前），so far（到目前为止）等时间状语连用。-Have you had breakfast yet?你吃过早饭了吗？-Yes, I have. Ive just had it.是的，我吃过了。我刚吃过。（现在我不饿了。）Ive already read the book.我已经读过这本书了。（了解了书的内容）2表示从过去某一时刻开始一直持续到现在的动作或状态，还有可能继续下去，常和for或since引导的时间状语连用。此时的动词必须是延续性动词。They have lived here for twenty years.他们在这里住了20年。（还可能继续住下去）I havent seen him since he moved to Canada.自从他搬到加拿大我就没看见他了。构成肯定 主语+has/have +过去分词否定 主语+has/have +not+过去分词一般疑问句及答语Have/Has +主语+过去分词+其他？Yes, 主语+ have/hasNo, 主语+havent/hasnt.I have found my pen.我找到我的钢笔了。I havent found my pen.我还没有找到我的钢笔。-Have you found your pen? 你找到你的钢笔了吗？-Yes, I have. 是的，我已经找到了。-No, I havent. 不，我还没有找到。动词过去分词的变化规则规则动词的过去分词的构成与过去式的构成相同。不规则动词的过去分词须特殊记忆。规则动词：Finish-finished-finishedLive-lived-livedStop-stopped-stopped不规则动词：go-went-gonesee-saw-seendo-did-donealready与yet的用法1.already与yet都有“已经”的意思，但already常用于肯定句中，放在助动词have/has之后，过去分词之前；yet常用于疑问句和否定句中，并用于句末。Ive already seen the film.我已经看过这部电影了。Have you seen the film yet?你已经看过这部电影了吗？2.yet用于否定句中，意为“还没；尚未”，通常用于句末。I havent seen the film yet.我还未看过这部电影。3.already与yet的转换：在现在完成时态的句子中，含有already的陈述句变为否定句或疑问句时，要把already改为yet，并放于句末。I have already finished reading the book.我已经读完这本书了。否定句 I havent finished reading the book yet.我还未读完这本书。Have you finished reading the book yet?你已经读完这本书了吗？真题：1.( ) Our team _ another point! I am sure well win the game.A. will get B. has got C. is getting D. was getting 现在完成时 现在完成时态表示去过某地的用法，用现在完成时态的句子提问某人是否曾经做过某事，用现在完成时态的句子表示某人从未做过某事。They have been to Beijing twice.他们去过北京两次。Have you been to America?你曾经去过美国吗？I have never been there.我从未去过那里。1.have/has been to “曾经去过某地”，可与never, ever, just, twice 等副词连用。I have been to a nature museum.我去过自然博物馆。Ive never been to a book market.我从没去过图书市场。Have you been to England?你曾经去过英格兰吗？Mary has been to the Palace Museum twice.玛丽去过故宫两次。2.have/has been to 与 have/has gone to 的区别have/has been to 表示“曾经去过（某地）” 现在已经回来，不在那里了have/has gone to 表示 “去了（某地）” 现在还没有回来，可能在去的途中，也可能在目的地She has been to shanghai. 她去过上海。（现在她不在上海了。）She has gone to shanghai. 她去了上海。（现在她已在上海或在途中。）3. ever意为“曾经”，常用于现在完成时态的一般疑问句中，位于主语的后面，过去分词的前面。Have you ever been to Paris?你曾经去过巴黎吗？4. never意为“从来没有，决不”，表示否定含义，常用于助动词have/has之后，过去分词之前。They have never watched a football match.他们从未看过足球赛。5. 现在完成时态与一般过去时态的区别（1）现在完成时表示过去发生的某一动作对现在造成的影响，强调的是现在的情况；一般过去时表示过去发生的动作或存在的状态。I have seen this film.我已经看过这部电影。（强调对现在的影响，我已经知道了电影的内容。）i saw the film yesterday. 昨天我看过这部电影。（强调看的动作发生过了。）真题：（ ）-Ben, why are you watching TV at this time? How about your homework?-I _ all of it, Mom. I want to have a rest.A. finish B. am finishing C. have finished D. has finished 答案选 have finished 因为表示作业已经完成了，所以现在才在看电视休息，是对现在的一个影响。（2）常与现在完成时连用的时间状语有：ever，never，just，yet，in the past/last few years，recently, so far等。一般过去时常与具体的表示过去的时间状语连用，如yesterday, last year，ago，in 1990，just now等。现在完成时不能与表示过去的时间状语连用。Tom has written a letter to his parents last night. ( F)Tom wrote a letter to his parents last night. ( T )真题1.（ ）The boy misses his parents very much.-So he does. They _ the hometown for nearly two years.A. have left B. will leave C. have been away from 2.( ) Hobo and Eddie _ the cinema to watch the film Zootopia.-Oh, thats why I cant find them now.A. have gone to B. have been to C. has gone to D. has been to 答案 1-2 CA现在完成时的用法 1.表示从过去某时开始持续到现在（包括“现在”在内）的动作或状态，可以和表从过去某一时刻开始一直持续到现在的一段时间的状语，如“for+时间段”“since+时间点”“since引导的从句（一般过去时）”“since+一段时间+ago”等连用。for + 时间段 since+时间点since引导的从句（一般过去时）since+一段时间+agoI have lived here for ten years. 我已经住在这儿10年了。（从10年前开始，持续到现在还住在这儿。）I have lived here since 2007. 自从2007年以来我就住在这儿。（从2007年开始，持续到现在还住在这儿。）注意： for与since 引导的时间状语可以进行相互转换。My uncle has worked at this factory for five years.=My uncle has worked at this factory since five years ago. 我的叔叔已经在这个工程工作5年了。2. 此种用法中表示持续性的动作或状态的动词必须是延续性动词（否定句除外）判断 (1) Ive bought this book for three years. ( F )Ive had the book for three years. ( T )( 2) How long has your brother joined the army? ( F )How long has your brother been in the army? ( T )3延续性动词与非延续性动词延续性动词表示经过、经历；非延续性动词表示行为的结果，不能与表示一段时间的状语连用。Ive known him since then.我从那时起就认识他了。（表经历）He has finished the work.他已完成了那项工作。（表结果）（1）延续性动词与非延续性动词的用法：1 非延续性动词与短暂时间点连用 He joined the league three years ago.2 用” It is/ has been + 时间段+since”句型It is/has been three years since I bought the book.3用相应的延续性动词替换非延续性动词，句子用现在完成时，时间状语为for + 时间段 since+时间点 since引导的从句（一般过去时） since+一段时间+agoThe old man died 4 years ago. = the old man has been dead for 4 years.（2）现在完成时态中延续性动词与非延续性动词的转换：1. 非延续性动词也被称为终止性动词、瞬间动词，表示不能延续的动作，这种动作发生后立即结束。这类动词有：open, die, close, begin, finish, come, go, move, borrow, lend, buy等。非延续性动词在肯定句中与表示时间点的状语，如two years ago, at 5 oclock等连用。He died 5 years ago.他5年前去世了。真题：She_ the book _ two days ago.A. had borrowed; since B. has kept; since C. kept; for 答案 选 B Borrow 非延续 keep可延续2.延续性动词表示能够延续的动作，这类动词有：learn, work, stand, know, walk, keep, wait, watch, read, sleep, live, stay等。延续性动词可以与表示时间段的状语“for+时间段”“since+时间点”“since引导的从句（一般过去时）”“since+一段时间+ago”等连用。（3）非延续性动词与延续性动词之间的转换：1. 非延续性动词转化为相应的延续性动词，用于现在完成时态。borrow-keep buy-have catch a cold-have a cold put on-wear got to know-know2. 非延续性动词转化为“be+形容词/副词/介词/名词等”。Begin/star-be on go out-be out get to/arrive in/reach-be(in)die-be dead open-be open leave-be away finish-be over fall ill-be ill get up-be up become-be fall asleep- be asleep join- be in/ be a member of make friends- be friends come/go be +相应的介词短语2016年中考真题William Shakespeare _ for 400 years, but his works still have great influence today.A. died B. was dying C. has died D. has been dead 答案选D 这是一道考时态+延续性动词，由题目所知，要选die的正确形式，die首先是非延续性动词， 如果要表示死了一段时间，可用be dead来代替。类似的用法还有 然后看题目中，前半句，for 400 years，for+一段时间来判断前面必须跟一个可延续的动词，由此可知选D答案。( ) Its nice to see you again. We _ each other since 2014.A. wont see B. dont see C. havent seen D. didnt see 解析：关键词法来做。句末 since 2014 自从2014年以来，可知时态是现在完成时，故选C。现在完成时练习答案答案 1-5DBCDC（现在完成时1）6-10 CBCAA （现在完成时2）11-15 DCCCA（现在完成时3）现在完成时练习题：一、完成句子1._ you _(water) the flowers yet?2. Lucy _(leave) the country and gone to Thailand.3. She _ (be) here for three months.4. I _ already _(keep) the car for two years.5.她刚刚喝了些茶。She _ _ _some tea.6.我还没有成为他的粉丝。I _ _ his fan yet.7.这个乐队已演奏了许多流行音乐。The band _ _ much pop music.8.你曾经去过一个水上公园吗？_ you _ _ _ a water park?9. 我已经去过那儿几次。I _ _ _ a couple of times.10. Tom bought the car two years ago. (改为同义句)Tom _ _ the car _ two years.11. They have been friends for 10 years. (改为同义句)They have been friends _ 10 years ago.12. He has been in Wuhan for 5 years. (对划线部分提问) has he been in Wuhan?13.Im sorry that his mother died last month. (改为同义句)Im sorry that his mother _ _ _for a month.二、单选1.( ). The storybook is very interesting. -I agree with you. I _ it twice already.A.read B. will read C. am reading D. have read2.( ) Your shoes are so old. Why dont you buy a new pair? - Because I _ all my money on an MP5.A. spend B. have spent C. am spending D. was spending3. ( )-_you _your homework yet? -Yes, I finished it a moment ago.A.Did; finish B.Do;finish C.Have;finished D.Will; finish4.( )Id like to introduce my best friend to you, Peter.-Thank you,Lucy. But we _ already.A. meet B. met C. will meet D. have met5.( ) Mike, why are you watching TV again?-I_ my homework.A. finish B. finished C. have finished D. had finished 6. ( )-Where is your father, Tom?-He _ to Changsha.A. goes B.has been C. has gone D. is 7.( )-Have you ever been to Shanghai?-Yes, I _ there a few months ago.A. have been B. went C. have gone D. will go 8. ( ) I _ to Hainan twice. Its beautiful.A. will go B. have gone C. have been D. went 9. ( ) You havent been to the West Lake, have you?-_.But I will go there with my parents