高考英语阅读理解解题技巧点拨.doc

高考英语阅读理解解题技巧点拨阅读理解的测试要点如下： 1理解主旨大意； 2寻读具体信息；3理解细节； 4根据上下文提供的语境，推测生词词义，进而加深对文段的理解； 5简单的判断和理解； 6理解文段的基本逻辑结构； 7理解作者的意图和态度 8理解文段的文化信息； 9理解图表信息； 10理解指代关系。从高考命题的实际情况看，命题者常用下述方法提问： 1What is the purpose of the text? 2What does the author mainly tell US about in the passage? 3What can we infer from the passage? 4What can be inferred from the passage? 5It can be concluded from the text that ? 6What can we learn from the text? 7What is the general idea/main idea of the text? 8. The passage mainly focuses on ? 9. What is the main subject discussed in the text? 10. It can be inferred from the passage that? 11. It can be inferred from that the author seems to? 12. What is the best title of the text/for the article? 13. The best title for this passage is? 14. What can we infer from the last/the first two paragraphs? 15. The meaning of the word/sentence in Paragraph X is related to? 16. In Paragraph X, X X X can be replaced by? 17. The underlined word X /sentence in Paragraph X probably mean. 18. The text is mainly written to explain. 19. Which of the following statements is true? 20. Which of the following is NOT mentioned in the text?基于上述测试要点，学生在阅读过程中必须具备下列技能，才能获取和处理信息： 1略读； 2找读； 3预测下文； 4理解大意； 5分清文章中的事实和观点；6猜测词义 7推理判断； 8，了解重点细节； 9理解文章结构；10.理解图表信息； 11.理解指代关系； 12.理解逻辑关系； 13.理解作者意图；14.评价阅读内容。 要具备上述技能，应该做到： 1.学会使用3500个左右的单词、400-500个合成词与派生词和400-500个习惯用语或固定搭配； 2.除教材外，课外阅读量应累积达到30万词以上，换言之，长度300词左右的文段1000篇；3.能通过分析句子的结构理解难句和长句(能理解语言结构有一定难度或有一定新语言现象的文段)；4.能根据阅读目的和文段的不同，调整阅读速度和阅读方法，阅读速度每分钟70-80词。二、文章分类分析 文章一般可分为说明文、论说文、叙述文以及广告等。（一）主旨大意题解题思路文章的主旨大意多出现在第一段，甚至第一段的前几句，最后一段多与第一段呼应；至于中间的部分，多是论据或说明文的展开部。阅读理解的问题也以如下形式出现： 1. What is the best title for/of the passage? 2. What can be inferred from the passage? 3. What does the author mainly tell us about in the text？ 4. What is mainly discussed in the article/passage/text? 做答这类问题时，将阅读重点放在首尾部分，中间部分则可采用略读或扫读的方式，一则省时间，二则目标明确，正确率自然也相应提高了。(二)阅读理解之细节题的解题思路这类题型主要有三种形式：问句式，不完整的陈述句和排除法。1问句式 A其发问形式主要有以下几种： How did something happen? Which of the following people should (not) do it? Which of the following did somebody have to deal with. ? Where should somebody do something? B解题技巧 在解这类题时，可采用“对号入座”的办法，即带着问题找句子，先看文章后面的问题(这常常被认为是非常有效的方法)，注意记忆关键的词语，如。人物、时间、事件等，确定每道题目的发问中心，也，就是说，某个问题是针对什么提问的。这样我们就可以带着问题去阅读文章，做到有的放矢。每个问题的发问中心反馈到原文中去。当读到有关解答发问中心的信息时，可在有关信息下面画一直线以示突出。Cattle have served humanity since prehistoric(史前) days as beasts of burden and as supplier of leather, meat, and milk. Some of the earliest written records concern the sale of cattle. These valuable animals are unusual in that they do not have front teeth in their upper jaw. Instead they chew with their back teeth and gums (齿龈). Cows swallow their food quickly and store it in the fat stomach or rumen, the first of the four compartments stomachs in their. Questions: According to the passage, what is the rumen? A. The first stomach compartment. B. The name of the upper jaw. C. The stomach where digestion (消化) takes place. D. The name of the bacteria(细菌) in the cows stomach. 带着发问中心及选择项目阅读原文。当我们读到rumen这个词时，可在它下面画一横线，紧接此词下面一句“first of the four compartments in their stomachs”，正是解释rumen的，可在它的下面画一虚线并可标出题号和选择项。2不完整的陈述句式 A常见形式有： Something can be best classified as . A certain kind of person is someone who . People are looking for better ways to . According to the author, “it”was caused by . B解题技巧：在做不完整的陈述式题目时候，仍可参考上面列举的解题步骤。第一步，阅读题目，找出问题的发问中心。第二步，带着这些问题来阅读文章。第三步，根据前两步的分析和判断，选择出最符合题意的答案3排除式 A常见形式有： Which of the following are NOT mentioned in the passage? Which of the following is TRUE? Which of the following is NOT listed in . ? Which of the following is NOT included in the passage? B解题技巧：做这类题时，首先要仔细阅读题后的选项，牢记各个选项所阐述的不同内容，然后阅读原文。凡是原文中的信息与选择项内容相同的，我们可以在这些信息下面划线，以作为排除的内容。 Life on LandLife on land probably began about 430 million years ago, though it has existed in the water for perhaps as long as 3000 million years. When we think of the first life on land, we probably think of strange animals coming out of the oceans, but, in fact ,no animals could have been living if plants had not been on land first. Plants had to be on land before animals arrived. They supplied the first land animals with the surrounding and food necessary, since they-the plants are the only form of life that is able to get and store energy. The first plants to exist out of the water were probably certain kinds of algae (海藻) which were followed by other plants that grew close to the ground and needed water in which to reproduce. Which of the following is TRUE? A. Algae have existed for more than 430 million years. B. It is impossible that algae might be the earliest plant on land. C. Plants get food from animals in the oceans. D. Evolution began after animals appeared on land.(三)阅读理解之准确找出主题句段落的构成有其内在的规律，其中心思想往往是通过段落中的主题句来体现的。因此了解并掌握这些规律，迅速找出主题句，从而抓住中心思想对于提高阅读理解能力大有益处。 这些规律主要是通过主题句在段落中所处的不同的位置体现的。因此同学们首先应对以下四种段型有所了解，然后通过一系列有意识的训练掌握它们。 1首句是主题句的规律 给予例证、解释或说明的段落； 下定义的段落； 对两个或两个以上的事物作比较或对比的段落； 表明原因和结果(往往结果交代在前)的段落。 主题句是首句的段落总是用演绎法撰写，遵循从一般到个别或特殊的写作程序，即以概述开段，随之辅以细说。这样的段落在文章中出现得最多，据专门研究阅读理论与技巧的专家们统计，概率达到70%。请看下例： People who talk and sing to plants have no mental problems at all, according to an agricultural expert. In fact, singing and talking to plants makes them grow better, says Dr Braymar. The reason is quite simple. When we sing or talk to plants, we exhale(呼出) CO2 which plants need to survive (continue to live)and grow better. Plants absorb (take in) CO2 through their pores(小孔) during the sunlight hours and produce oxygen which people to survive. Singing and talking have good effect on plants, however, only during the daytime. Singing or talking at bedtime will not help plants to grow better or grow faster.本段的首句是主题句，其后的句子或是解释说明“对植物说话或唱歌有益于植物”，或是为这一主题思想提供论据。本段的结尾句呼应主题句，在给予主题思想又一论据的同时，幽默地收尾。2段落尾句是主题句的规律 (1)阐述一个不常见的或难以令人接受的观点的段落。 (2)旨在说服读者相信甚至信服其论点的段落。 尾句是主题句的段落总是用归纳法撰写的，其程序是先表述细节或交代论据，最后作出概括性的结论，以总结性的句子收尾。这种写作方法的特点是从个别到一般，由特殊性到共性。请看下例： If you hadnt known them, you would have thought Joe and Jim were quite alike. They were both tall and wore long and fair hair. They both walked with a steady stride (坚定的步伐). They both spoke in a deep voice that made them selves seem much older than they really were. Both of them wore dark clothes as a rule, and they liked light coloured ties. But that was all the likeness they had. In other things they were sharply different. Joe was considerate and helpful, and everyone liked him. Jim, however, was very selfish and often flared into terrible anger (勃然大怒) at little things that displeased him. Alike as Joe and Jim were on the surface, they were really very different in nature.3段落中间句是主题句的规律 表述某种观点的段落的主题句往往处于段落的中间。这样段落先以一句或几句为主题句的出现作铺垫，或是交代一个细节或论据。在主题句出场后，仍有适当数量的句子陈述细节或继续给予例证。这类段落包括几个层次：引题主题思想解释或“提问”回答问题或继续给予例证。这样段落的撰写总是遵循这条规律：先归纳后演绎。给出一两个例证之后，作出概括性的总结，然后根据这一结论再给予例证来证实其论点。请看下例： When you throw a ball up into the air as fast as you can, the ball reaches a point where it seems to pause for a moment, and then it comes down. When a bullet (子弹) is shot straight up, it will travel much faster and higher than a ball, but it, too, will come down. Whatever goes up must come down. We have al-ways thought this to be true. An airplane may climb to a height of seventeen miles and then travel far and long. Yet it does not stay up forever. Finally, like every-thing else, the plane must come down.(四)如何抓住长句的核心何为句子的核心?所谓句子的核心(the core of a sentence)，就是指句子最主要的成分：主语、谓语动词及其宾语或表语。这三种句子成分是句子最基本的要素。(四)猜词技巧阅读理解的测试中经常有猜测词、短语、习语意义的题目，这些词、短语、习语要么是生词，要么是熟词新义，单靠平时积累是不够的，还要掌握一定的做题技巧。总结如下：(1)根据构词法(转化、合成、派生)进行判断(2)根据上下文解释作出判断，有时短文中出现一个需猜测其意义的词或短语，下面接着出现其定义域或解释，这就是判断该词或短语意义的主要依据。请看下例：Shanghai Bashi Tourism Car Rental Centre offers a wide variety of choicesdeluxe sedans, minivans, station wagons, coaches, Santana sedans are the big favourite.从前面的Car Rental Center可知出租车公司提供的只能是cars for rent(出租汽车)，也就是说划线的词都是出租汽车的名称。(3)根据上下文的指代关系进行选择：文章中的代词it，that，he，him或them可以指上文提到的人或物，其中it和that还可以指一件事。例如： However, the question that mo