（新课标大纲解读）高考英语 重点 难点 核心考点全演练 专题12 名词性从句.doc

专题12 名词性从句名词性从句是高考常考的语法项目，主要考查对连接词的正确把握。分析历年各地的高考试题不难发现，连接代词what的用法是考查的热点。另外，在同位语从句中，经常考查that的用法。除此之外，其他连接词的用法以及从句的语序也时有考查。1(2013北京，31)_makes the book so extraordinary is the creative imagination of the writer.athat bwhat cwho dwhich2(2013湖南，28)do not let any failures discourage you, for you can never tell_close you may be to victory.ahow bthat cwhich dwhere3(2013江西，30)_ one of you breaks the window will have to pay for it.awhoever bwhatever cwhichever dwherever4(2013山东，30)its good to know_the dogs will be well cared for while were away.awhat bwhose cwhich dthat5(2013陕西，20)it remains to be seen _ the newly formed committees policy can be put into practice.athat bwhich cwhat dwhether6(2013天津，15)_i want to tell you is the deep love and respect i have for my parents.athat bwhich cwhether dwhat7(2013新课标，26)police have found_appears to be the lost ancient statue.awhich bwhere chow dwhat8(2013浙江，16)the only way to succeed at the highest level is to have total belief _ you are better than anyone else on the sports field.ahow bthat cwhich dwhether9(2013安徽，21)from space, the earth looks blue.this is _about seventyone percent of its surface is covered by water.awhy bhow cbecause dwhether10(2013四川，6)_you said at the meeting describes a bright future for the company.awhen bhow cwhat dthat 考点1、考查连接词“that与 what” 【例1】 it is by no means clear _ the president can do to end the strike.ahow bwhich cthat dwhat【例2】 his writing is so confusing that its difficult to make out _ it is he is trying to express.athat bhow cwho dwhat【例3】 before the problem can be solved，it must be obvious _ the problem itself is.awhat bthat cwhich dwhy【变式探究】1_ seems to be a strong competition in china for senior high students to enter universities does exist in other countries as well.ait bwhich cwhat dthat2meals in spain are quite different from _ they have in china.awhich bwhat cthat dwhom3believe it or not，im sure that is _ people call the six sense.awhen bwhat cwhich dwhy【方法总结】that用于定语从句、宾语从句，what用于宾语从句、主语从句。做题时，首先通过分析句子结构来确定是什么类型的从句；其次看从句中缺哪种成分，缺主语或宾语就考虑用代词what，who，whatever，whoever等，否则就考虑用副词。若不缺少任何句子成分就用that。考点2/查连接词“if与whether”【例4】 it doesnt matter _ you pay by cash or credit card in this store.ahow bwhether cwhat dwhy【例5】 weve offered her the job，but i dont know _ shell accept it.awhere bwhat cwhether dwhich【例6】 the limits of a persons intelligence，generally speaking，are fixed at birth，but _ he reaches these limits will depend on his environment.awhere bwhether cthat dwhy【变式探究4it is still under discussion _ the old bus station should be replaced with a modern hotel or not.awhether bwhen cwhich dwhere5 at first he hated the new job but decided to give himself a few months to see _ it got any better.awhen bhow cwhy dif【变式探究只用whether不用if的情况：whether与if在作“是否”的意思讲时在下列情况下一般只能用whether，不用if：a引导主语从句并放在句首时，用whether；b引导表语从句时，用whether；c引导宾语从句并作介词宾语时，用whether；d从句后有“or not”时，用whether；e后接动词不定式时，用whether。考点3、同位语从句【例7】i made a promise to myself _ this year，my first year in high school，would be different.awhether bwhat cthat dhow【例8】 the notice came around two in the afternoon _ the meeting would be postponed.awhen bthat cwhether dhow【例9】 modern science has given clear evidence _ smoking can lead to many diseases.awhat bwhich cthat dwhere【变式探究6_ was known to us all that johnson had broken his promise _ he would give each of us a small gift.aas；which bwhat；thatcit；that dit；which7 when the news came _ the war broke out，he decided，to serve in the army.asince bwhich cthat dbecause8have you noticed the problem _ he is now in low spirits？_ come?awhere；what bthat；howcin which；for dwhat；as【方法规律】连接代词that引导的同位语从句与关系代词that引导的定语从句的区别连接代词that引导同位语从句时，应放在某些抽象名词如news，word(消息)，idea，fact，hope，desire，thought等之后，对前面的名词起补充说明的作用，连接代词that只起引导同位语从句的作用，在从句中不担当任何成分，因此that引导的同位语从句是完整的，不缺任何成分。关系代词that引导定语从句时，关系代词that一方面起引导定语从句的作用，另一方面，that在定语从句中担当主语、宾语或表语。因此，that引导的定语从句是残缺的。如：the news that our football team won the match was encouraging.(同位语从句，不缺任何成分)我们的足球队赢了比赛的消息令人鼓舞。the news(that)we heard on the radio was not true.(定语从句，缺少宾语)我们在收音机里听到的那个消息不是真的。考点4、主语从句【例10】 it suddenly occurred to him _ he had left his keys in the office.awhether bwhere cwhich dthat【例11】 _ was most important to her，she told me，was her family.ait bthis cwhat das【变式探究9 it doesnt matter _ you turn right or left at the crossingboth roads lead to the park.awhether bhow cif dwhen10it was never clear _ the man hadnt reported the accident sooner.athat bhow cwhen dwhy11_ wants to stay in a hotel has to pay their own way.aanyone bthe one cwhoever dwho【方法规律1引导词(1)从属连词作引导词：that，whether，if。(2)连接代词作引导词：what，who，which，whatever，whoever。(3)连接副词作引导词：how，when，where，whythat在句中无词义，只起连接作用；连接代词和连接副词在句中既保留自己的疑问含义，又起连接作用，在从句中充当从句的成分。例如：what he wants to tell us is not clear.他要跟我们说什么，还不清楚。2有时为避免句子头重脚轻，常用it代替主语从句作形式主语放于句首，而把主语从句置于句末。常用句型注意：在主语从句中用来表示惊奇、不相信、惋惜、理应如此等语气时，谓语动词要用虚拟语气“(should)do”，常用的句型有：it is necessary(important，natural，strange，etc.)that(should)do.it is suggested(requested，proposed，desired，etc.)that(should)do.考点4、宾语从句【例12】 as many as five courses are provided，and you are free to choose _ suits you best.awhatever bwhichever cwhenever dwherever【例13】 the shocking news made me realize _ terrible problems we would face.awhat bhow cthat dwhy【例14】 his writing is so confusing that its difficult to make out _ it is he is trying to express.athat bhow cwho dwhat【变式探究】12the newcomer went to the library the other day and searched for _ he could find about mark twain.awherever bhowevercwhatever dwhichever13we promise _ attends the party a chance to have a photo taken with the movie star.awho bwhom cwhoever dwhomever14 scientists study _ human brains work to make computers.awhen bhow cthat dwhether【归纳总结】1that通常不可省略的情况(1)主语从句中，that从句置于句首时；(2)当一个句子有两个或多个并列的宾语从句时，引导第二和以后几个从句的that不可省略；(3)由it作形式宾语时，that引导的宾语从句中，that也不可省略。2whever与no matter wh的用法区别whever既可引导名词性从句，又可引导让步状语从句；而no matter wh只能引导让步状语从句。如：whatever i said，he wouldnt listen to me.no matter what i said，he wouldnt listen to me.无论我说什么，他都不会听我的。(让步状语从句)he would believe whatever i said.我说什么他都信。(宾语从句)另外，在whoever，whatever，whenever，wherever中，ever起强调作用，意为“究竟、到底”。如：wherever have you been？你究竟去了哪里？难点1、表语从句【例1】 id like to start my own businessthats _ id do if i had the money.awhy bwhen cwhich dwhat【例2】 im afraid hes more of a talker than a doer，which is _ he never finishes anything.athat bwhen cwhere dwhy【例3】 part of the reason charles dickens loved his own novel，david copperfield，was _ it was rather closely modeled on his own life.awhat bthat cwhy dwhether【变式探究】1i prefer shutting myself in and listening to music all day on sundays.thats _ i dont agree.you should have a more active life.awhere bhow cwhen dwhat2the last time we had great fun was _ we were visiting the water park.awhere bhow cwhen dwhy3engines are to machines _ hearts are to animals.aas bthat cwhat dwhich【拓展提高】1引导词有连词that(that不可省)，whether；代词有who，whom，what，which；副词when，where，how，why等。如：the problem is that we didnt get in touch with him.注意：当主语是reason时，表语从句要用that引导而不是because。例如：the reason why he was late was that he missed the train this morning.whether可引导表语从句，但与之同义的if却通常不用于引导表语从句。1after three hoursclimbing，they reached _ they thought was the place theyd been dreaming of.awhat bwhich cwhere dthat2a plan has been put forward _ more graduates should go to work in the country.awhen bthat cwhether dhow3it is pretty well understood _ controls the flow of carbon dioxide in and out the atmosphere today.athat bwhen cwhat