英美文化课后答案 Chapter 4 Religion.doc

Chapter 4 ReligionTell whether each of the following statements is true or false.1-10: TFTFF/TFFTT 11-20: TFFTF/TTFTF 21-28: TFTTF/FTFFill in the blanks with the correct information.1. salad bowl 2. Christian 3. Catholics; Protestants 4. Protestants 5. Westminster Cathedral 6. William Shakespeare 7. St. Pauls 8. 38 9. the needy; the weak 10. “help yourself” 11. tolerance; acceptance 12. The Roman Catholic Church; the Protestant Church 13. White Anglo-Saxon Protestants 14. John F. Kennedy 15. Jesus birthday 16. Silent Night 17. The Last Supper 18. the Bill of Rights 19. Self-improvement 20. Christian 21. archbishop 22. direct 23. Reformed 24. monarchs 25. Reformation, supremacy 26. presbyteries, bishops 27. Act of Settlement 28. Church and State 29. Bible, prayer 30. Fundamentalism; Protestant 31. secularization 32. fundamentalist churches 33. new evangelism 34. melting potChoose the correct answer on the basis of what is stated in the text.1-10: DBACC/DCBDD 11-20: CDACB/BDCBAExplain the following terms.1. The ReformationThe Reformation refers to a period of time in the history. In 1517, a German monk, Martin Luther, led the breakaway from the Roman Catholic Church. The new Christians called themselves Protestants because they were protesting against the teachings and customs of the Roman Catholic Church. Their demand for reform led to this period in history called the Reformation, which later spread all over the European continent. 2. Puritanism Puritanism is a church broken away from the Protestant Church. Puritans objected that the Protestant Church of England had not moved far enough away from the Roman Catholic Church. They do not have archbishops and their services and the decoration of their churches are very simple. At the end of the 16th century and the beginning of the 17th century, many Puritans suffered from persecution from the Church of England. Then, to seek freedom to practice their own religion, they escaped to the New World, where they set up a new nation later: the United States of America. 3. The Church of EnglandThe Church of England came into being during the Reformation of the 16th century. It is the state religion of the U.K. It is the most important denomination in the U.K. The monarch is head of the Church of England. The Archbishop of Canterbury of the Church of England is regarded as the spiritual leader. Today it is characterized by being both Catholic and Protestant. The Church of England plays an active role in national life. 4. WorshipWorship is a form of Christian service. Attending religious services provides an opportunity to glorify God among a gathering of fellow believers. Most services tend to involve prayers, singing, bible reading and possibly a sermon. Christians can worship together in public or on their own in private. The main day on which Christians gather together to worship God is on a Sunday. Other forms of worships include baptisms, weddings and funerals.5. CharityCharity means the giving of help to those in need. The Roman Catholic Church believes that God brought love to the world, so humankind should do good deeds in return to keep the world a nice place to live in. In its earliest days the Roman Catholic Church met the needs of the lower classes. It taught people to work hard as a way to salvation. The church also called for charitable work, giving help to the needy and protecting the weak. It is still regarded as a moral obligation to help the poor, the elderly and the handicapped, and so on. 6. Melting PotThe melting pot is an expression used to describe societies experiencing large scale immigration from many different countries, just like the U.S., where people of different cultures, races and religions are combined so as to develop a multi-ethnic society. 7. WASP WASP stands for White Anglo-Saxon Protestant. It is considered the basis of the mainstream culture of the United States. The people who settled in the 13 North American colonies were mostly white European Protestant believers. The United States was founded and formed largely by Protestants.8. Self-improvementSelf-improvement is one of the most important values mainly held by Protestants in the U.S. Instead of going to priests for forgiveness of their sins, individuals get guidance, forgiveness, and grace directly from God in order to improve themselves. Some Protestants lives are changed through this. Others believe a relationship with God will improve their lives and will lead them to Heaven after death. Because of these Protestant ideas about personal religion even non-religious Americans often actively seek personal growth and self-improvement. 9. VolunteerismUnpaid service is common in American social life. People think helping others is a way of self-improvement. Individuals make themselves into better persons by contributing some of their time or money to charity, education and religion. This philosophy is called volunteerism. Many Americans believe that they should show their love to people in need by devoting part of their time and wealth. This idea comes from the Christian belief that if you love God, you will also love your neighbors.10. PresbyterianPresbyterian: a member of a branch of the Christian Protestant Church that is the national Church of Scotland.11. EpiscopalEpiscopal: (of a Christian Church) that is governed by bishops.12. AnglicanAnglican: a member of the Church of England or of a Church connected with it in another country.13. KirkKirk: a name often used for the official Church of Scotland.14. diocesediocese: a district for which a bishop is responsible.15. secularismsecularism: the belief that religion should not be involved in the organization of society, education, etc.16. Non-conformistNon-conformist: a member of a Protestant Church that does not follow the beliefs and practices of the Anglican Church.17. fundamentalismFundamentalism refers to a belief in, and strict adherence to, a set of basic principles. It was originally coined to describe a narrowly defined set of beliefs that developed into a movement within the Protestant community of the United States in the early part of the 20th century.18. religious pluralismReligious pluralism is a loosely defined expression concerning acceptance of different religions. It is used as the name of the worldview according to which ones religion is not the sole and exclusive source of truth, and thus that at least some truths and true values exist in other religions.19. cyber churchCyber church is the extension the church universal into cyberspace. It includes different aspects of Christian community online, especially by those who view this phenomenon as a subset of emerging church, the developing expressions of the faith in relation to culture change.Translation1. Christianity was first introduced into Britain by the Romans in the first century BC.2. Before the 20th century, Judaism had been the only important non-Christian religion in Britain.3. British society was more tolerant of Jews than most other European nations.4. After the Reformation, the Roman Catholic Church in Britain experienced much persecution and discrimination, and had difficulties in surviving.5. It may take diocesan bishops a number of years before they qualify to take their seat.Questions for Discussion1. Christian Churches: Protestants, Roman Catholics and Eastern Orthodox Churches.2. The fate of America has from the very beginning been closely linked to notions of religious destiny. The Puritans presented themselves as Gods Chosen People, searching for the Promised Land. Altho