建行考试英语部分训练加翻译加参考答案.doc

建行考试英语部分训练加翻译加参考答案英语阅读理解分析1.TV Shows and Long Bus TripsLong bus rides are like televisions shows. They have a beginning，a middle，and an end-with commercials thrown in every three or four minutes. The commercials are unavoidable. They happen whether you want them or not. Every couple of minutes a billboard glides by outside the bus window. “Buy Super Clean Toothpaste.”“Drink Goodn Wet Root Beer.”“Fill up with Pacific Gas.”Only if you sleep，which is equal to turning the television set off，are you spared the unending cry of “You Need It！ Buy It Now！”The beginning of the ride is comfortable and somewhat exciting， even if youve traveled that way before. Usually some things have changed-new houses，new buildings，sometimes even a new road. The bus driver has a style of driving and its fun to try to figure it out the first hour or so. If the driver is particularly reckless or daring，the ride can be as thrilling as a suspense story. Will the driver pass the truck in time？Will the driver move into the right or the left-hand lane？After a while，of course，the excitement dies down. Sleeping for a while helps pass the middle hours of the ride. Food always makes bus rides more interesting. But youve got to be careful of what kind of food you eat. Too much salty food can make you very thirsty between stops. The end of the ride is somewhat like the beginning. You know it will soon be over and theres a kind of expectation and excitement in that. The seat of course，has become harder as the hours have passed. By now youve sat with your legs crossed，with your hands in your lap，with your hands on the arm rests-even with your hands crossed behind your head. The end comes just at no more ways to sit. 1. According to the passage， what do the passengers usually see when they are on a long bus trip？A） Buses on the road.B） Films on television.C） Advertisements on the board.D） Gas stations.2. What is the purpose of this passage？A） To give the writers opinion about long bus trips.B） To persuade you to take a long bus trip. C） To explain how bus trips and television shows differ.D） To describe the billboards along the road.3. the writer of this passage would probably favorA） bus drivers who werent recklessB） driving alone.C） a television set on the bus.D） no billboards along the road.4. The writer feels long bus rides are like TV shows becauseA） the commercials both on TV shows and on billboards along the road are fun.B） they both have a beginning， a middle， and an end， with commercials in between.C） the drivers are always reckless on TV shows just as they are on buses.D） both traveling and watching TV are not exciting.5. The writer thinks that the end of the ride is somewhat like the beginning because both areA） exciting.B） comfortable.C） tiring.D） boringKEY： CADBA2. Goal of American EducationEducation is an enormous and expensive part of American life. Its size is matched by its variety.Differences in American schools compared with those found in the majority of other countries lie in the fact that education here has long been intended for everyone not just for a privileged elite. Schools are expected to meet the needs of every child, regardless of ability, and also the needs of society itself. This means that public schools offer more than academic subjects. It surprises many people when they come here to find high schools offering such courses as typing, sewing, radio repair, computer programming or driver training, along with traditional academic subjects such as mathematics, history, and languages. Students choose their curricula depending on their interests, future goals, and level of ability. The underlying goal of American education is to develop every child to the utmost of his or her own possibilities, and to give each one a sense of civic and community consciousness.Schools have traditionally played an important role in creating national unity and “Americanizing” the millions of immigrants who have poured into this country from many different backgrounds and origins. Schools still play a large role in the community, especially in the small towns.The approach to teaching may seem unfamiliar to many, not only because it is informal, but also because there is not much emphasis on learning facts. Instead, Americans try to teach their children to think for themselves and to develop their own intellectual and creative abilities. Students spend much time, learning how to use resource materials, libraries, statistics and computers. Americans believe that if children are taught to reason well and to research well, they will be able to find whatever facts they need throughout the rest of their lives. Knowing how to solve problems is considered more important than the accumulation of facts.This is Americas answer to the searching question that thoughtful parents all over the world are asking themselves in the fast-moving time: “How can one prepare todays child for a tomorrow that one can neither predict nor understand?”1. Which of the following best states the goal of American education?A. To teach every learner some practical skills.B. To provide every learner with rich knowledge.C. To give every student the opportunity to fully develop his/her ability.D. To train every student to be a responsible citizen.2. It is implied in the passage thatA. all high-school students take the same courses.B. every high-school student must take some practical ability training courses.C. every public school offers the same academic subjects.D. the subject every student takes may vary.3. American schools place great emphasis on the learnersA. enrichment of knowledge.B. accumulation of facts.C. acquisition of the ability to be creative.D. acquisition of the ability to work with his hands.4. According to the passage, American education meets the needs of all the following EXCEPTA. the brightest students.B. the slow students.C. the students from foreign countries.D. the immigrants.5. Which of the following best states the feature of American education that makes it different from education in other countries?A. The large number of its schools.B. The variety of the courses offered in its schools.C. Its special consideration given to immigrants.D. Its underlying goal to develop every childs abilities to the fullest extent.3.IncomeIncome may be national income and personal income. Whereas national income is defined as the total earned income of all the factors of productionnamely, profits, interest, rent, wages, and other compensation for labor, personal income may be defined as total money income received by individuals before personal taxes are paid. National income does not equal GNP（Gross National Product）because the factors of production do not receive payment for either capital consumption allowances or indirect business taxes, both of which are included in GNP. The money put aside for capital consumption is for replacement and thus is not counted as income. Indirect taxes include sales taxes, property taxes, and excise taxes that are paid by businesses directly to the government and so reduce the income left to pay for the factors of production. Three-fourths of national income goes for wages, salaries, and other forms of compensation to employees.Whereas national income shows the income that the factors of production earn, personal income measures the income that individuals or households receive. Corporation profits are included in national income because they are earned. Out of these profits, however, corporation profit taxes must be paid to government, and some money must be put into the business for expansion. Only that part of profits distributed as dividends goes to the individual; therefore, out of corporation profits only dividends count as personal income. The factors of production earn money for social security and unemployment insurance contributions, but this money goes to government（which is not a factor of production）, not to individuals. It is therefore part of national income but not part of personal income.On the other hand, money received by individuals when they collect social security or unemployment compensation is not money earned but money received. Interest received on government bonds is also in this category, because much of the money received from the sale of bonds went to pay for war production and that production no longer furnishes a service to the economy.The money people receive as personal income may be either spent or saved. However, not all spending is completely voluntary. A significant portion of our income goes to pay personal taxes. Most workers never receive the money they pay in personal taxes, because it is withheld from their paychecks. The money that individuals are left with after they have met their tax obligations is disposable personal income. Disposable income can be divided between personal consumption expenditures and personal savings. It is important to remember that personal saving is what is left after spending.1. This passage is mainly aboutA. the classification of income.B. the difference between national income and personal income.C. the concept of income.D. the difference between disposable income and non-disposable income.2. Which of the following statements is true according to the first paragraph?A. GNP equals national income plus indirect business taxes.B. GNP excludes both capital consumption allowances and indirect business taxes.C. Personal income is regarded as the total money income received by an individual after his or her taxes are paid.D. The money that goes for capital consumption is not regarded as income.3. It can be known from this passage that the government levy tax onA. corporation profits.B. every individual even though his income is very low.C. those who work in joint ventures.D. those who work in government departments.4. According to this passage, the money you get as interest from government bonds isA. money earned.B. not money earned but money received.C. money received because you have contributed to the economy.D. money earned because you have furnished a service to the economy.5. The passage implies thatA. people willingly pay taxes because they want to do something useful to the country.B. people willingly pay taxes because they do not want to be looked down upon by others.C. people pay taxes unwillingly because they feel they will be arrested if they do not.D. people pay taxes somewhat unwillingly.4.The Gene IndustryMajor companies are already in pursuit of commercial applications of the new biology. They dream of placing enzymes in the automobile to monitor exhaust and send data on pollution to a microprocessor that will then adjust the engine. They speak of what the New York Times calls “metal-hungry microbes that might be used to mine valuable trace metals from ocean water.” They have already demanded and won the right to patent new life forms.Nervous critics, including many scientists, worry that there is corporate, national, international, and inter-scientific rivalry in the entire biotechnological field. They create images not of oil spills, but of “microbe spills” that could spread disease and destroy entire populations. The creation and accidental release of extremely poisonous microbes, however, is only one cause for alarm. Completely rational and respectable scientists are talking about possibilities that stagger the imagination.Should we breed people with cow-like stomachs so they can digest grass and hay, thereby relieving the food problem by modifying us to eat lower down on the food chain? Should we biologically alter workers to fit the job requirement, for example, creating pilots with faster reaction times or assembly-line workers designed to do our monotonous work for us? Should we attempt to eliminate “inferior” people and breed a “super-race” ? （Hitler tried this, but without the genetic weaponry that may soon issue from our laboratories. ）Should we produce soldiers to do our fighting? Should we use genetic forecasting to pre-eliminate “unfit” babies? Should we grow reserve organs for ourselves, each of us having, as it were, a “savings bank” full of spare kidney, livers, or hands?Wild as these notions may sound, every one has its advocates（and opposes） in the scientific community as well as its striking commercial application. As two critics of genetic engineering, Jeremy Rifkin and Ted Howard, state in their book Who Should Play God? “Broad scale genetic engineering will probably be introduced to America much the same way as assembly lines, automobiles, vaccines, computers and all the other technologies. As each new genetic advance becomes commercially practical, a new consumer need will be exploited and a market for the new technology will be created. ”1. According to the passage, the exhaust from a car engine could probably be checked byA. using metal-hungry microbes.B. making use of enzymes.C. adjusting the engine.D. patenting new life forms.2. According to the passage, which of the following would worry the critics the most?A. The unanticipated explosion of population.B. The creation of biological solar cells.C. The accidental spill of oil.D. The unexpected release of destructive microbes.3. Which of the following notions is NOT mentioned?A. Developing a “savings bank” of ones organs.B. Breeding soldiers for a war.C. Producing people with cow-like stomachs.D. Using genetic forecasting to cure diseases.4. According to the passage, Hitler attempted toA. change the pilots biologically to win the war.B. develop genetic farming for food supply.C. kill the people he thought of as inferior.D. encourage the development of genetic weapons for the war.5. What does Jeremy Rifkin and Ted Howards statement imply?A. The commercial applications of genetic engineering are inevitable.B. America will depend on other countries for biological progress.C. America are proud of their computers, automobiles and genetic technologies.D. The potential application of each new genetic advance should be controlled.5.Common-cold SenseYou cant beat it, but you dont have to join it. Maybe it got the name “common cold” because its more common in winter. The fact is, though, being cold doesnt have anything to do with getting one. Colds are caused by the spread of rhinoviruses, and, at least so far, medical science is better at telling you how to avoid getting one than how to get rid of one.Children are the most common way cold viruses are spread to adults, because they have more colds than adultsan average of about eight per year. Why do kids seem so much more easily to get colds than their parents? Simple. They havent had the opportunity to become immune to many cold viruses.There are more than 150 different cold viruses, and you never have the same one twice. Being infected by one makes you immune to itbut only it.Colds are usually spread by direct contact, not sneezing or coughing. From another persons hand to your hand and then to your nose or eyes is the most common route. The highest concentration of cold viruses anywhere is found under the thumbnails of a boy, although the viruses can survive for hours on skin or other smooth surfaces.Hygiene is your best defense. Wash your hands frequently, preferably with a disinfectant soap, especially when children in your household have colds.But even careful hygiene wont ward off every cold. So, what works when a coughing, sneezing, runny nose strikes?The old prescription of two aspirins, lots of water, and bed rest is a good place to start. But youll also find some of the folk remedies worth trying. Hot mixtures of sugar（or honey）, lemon, and water have real benefits.1. According to the essay, you may have a cold becauseA. it is caused by the cold winter weather.B. the spread of rhinoviruses gets people infected.C. because another persons coughing passes the cold to you.D. because you wash your hands too often.2. The best way to keep yourself from getting colds isA. to keep yourself clean.B. to use a disinfectant soap.C. to take two aspirin pills every day.D. to drink lots of water.3. Children have more colds becauseA. they are usually infected about eight times each year.B. they are not immune to many cold viruses.C. they never wash their hands so that their thumbnails are dirty.D. they dont like eating lemon.4. When you are having a cold,A. it is always the same kind of cold that you had last time.B. it may be the same kind of cold that you had last time.C. it is certainly not the same kind of cold that you had last time.D. it is probably not the same kind of cold that you had last time.5. When one is having a cold, he often has some symptoms EXCEPTA. coughing.B. having a sore throat.C. having a runny nose.D. having a stomachache.6.Drug ReactionsA Major Cause of DeathAdverse drug reactions may cause the deaths of over 100, 000 US hospital patients each year, making them a leading cause of death nationwide, according to a report in the Journal of the America Medical Association.“The incidence of serious and fatal adverse drug reactions（ADRs）in US hospitals was found to be extremely high,” say researchers at the University of Toronto in Ontario, Canada.They carried on an analysis of 39 ADR-related studies at US hospitals over the past 30 years and defined an ADR as “any harmful, unintended, and undesired effect of a drug which occurs at doses used in