英语词组辨析.doc

11、die dead dealthdie死亡(vi.)(died 是die的过去时形式)，如：He died yesterday.death n.1.死亡;逝世The death of her mother was sudden. 她母亲的死很突然。2.死因The accident was the death of him. 他因意外事故而死。dead adj.1.死亡的;无生命的My father has been dead for ten years. 我父亲已经去世十年了。2. 无感觉的;无 生气的;麻木的If your fingers get very cold, they feel dead. 你的手指如果冷得过分，它们会失去知觉。3.不再使用的a dead language 已经死亡了的文字4.失灵的;用完的; 不发挥作用的The televisions been dead since the storm. 暴风雨过后那台电视机就坏了。12、large和biglarge 侧重表示三维量值，强调体积，修饰人时指个子大。此外它也可以表示范围，能力(capacity)和数量(amount或quantity)方面的大Do you want the large size, or the small size? 你是要大号的还是要小号的?big 也可以表示体积大，但不同于large。比方，a large box 只说明箱子大，但未必重，而 a big box 不仅体积大而且含义此箱子很重。此外，big还含义给人以深刻的印象，有时含有“重要”的意思。因此可以用big来修饰 problem，但不能用large， a big person 未必large， 相反a large person未必bigOn the last day I made a big decision. 在最后一天，我作了一项重大的决定。He is working for a big firm. 他现在为一家大商行工作。13、in和intoin意为“在内”，是表示静态的介词，into意为“进 里”，是表示动态的复合介词。例如：She is walking in the room.她正在房间里踱来踱去。She walked into the room. 她走进了房间。在put, throw, break, lay, fall等动词之后，既可以用in，也可以用into，这时in也表示动态，常含有into的意思。例如：He put all the books in/into the bag.他把所有的书都放进书包里。In 可以作副词，into不可。例如：Come in! 进来!14、past pass across crosspass动词，“经过;穿过;通过;度过;传递”，在句中通常作谓语。例如：This information will never pass my lips.我决不泄漏这个消息。Please pass me the ruler. 请把尺子递给我。past是pass的过去分词。用于构成完成时态。past介词，“(指时间、地点、数量、程度等)过;(指范围、限度、能力等)超过”。例如：at half past seven在七点半Our bus drove past the Great Hall of the People. 我们乘的公共汽车开过人民大会堂。across介词，“横过;穿过;在的另一边”，指从一边到另一边，在句中作状语。例如：Lets help push the cart across the bridge. 我们帮着把车子推过桥吧。The post office is just across the street.邮局就在马路对过。副词，“横过;穿过;从一边到另一边;交叉;横;阔”。例如：The river is 400 metres across.河宽有四百米。cross 动词，“越过;穿过;渡过;使交叉/相交;”在句中可以作谓语。例如：The red army crossed the snow mountains and the marshy grasslands.红军爬雪山，过草地。(及物动词，后面跟宾语)You may cross to the other side of the street by subway.你可以从地道过街。(不及物动词，后面要跟宾语必须加介词to。)名词，“十字形;”例如：the Red Cross 红十字会15、or和andor和and都有“和，还有，跟”之义，但and用于肯定句中，而or用在选择疑问句或否定句中，如：Tom and John are both my friends.Shall we meet this afternoon or tomorrow?or常译作“或者”，另外还有“否则”之义，而and没有，如：Hurry up，or youll be late.(否则)16、 street way road routeRoad 意为“路”，“道路”，指供车辆或行人通过的大道，两侧一般没有房子。如：The car is running along the road.汽车沿(着这条道)路行驶。Street意为“街道”，指城镇、乡村任何两旁有房子的路。“在街上”可以说on the street,也可以说in the street,前者是美国英语，后者是英国英语。说“在第几号”要用介词at，如：There are many shops in the street.街上有许多商店。Way意为“道路”，指street, road或任何可以通行的路，含义较抽象。口语中问路时常用way。way还可指路程距离。如：I asked the way to the station. 我打听去车站的路。It was a long way from here.路(程)很远。route的含义是“路线”，通常是迂回的，可以包括数条道路或街道，有时甚至包括小路、小巷。使用范围也较广。如：登山运动员所攀登的路线，实际上不是路;其它方面，如公共汽车所行经的“路线”，邮递员发送邮件的“路线”等That postman is in charge of this route.那个邮递员负责这条投递线路。This bus route covers a large number of streets.这路公共汽车行经许多街道。17、as well as as well andas well，同too, also，其反义词为either，用于肯定句句尾，表“也，又;同样;(既)又;(不仅)而且：He is a scientist, but he is a poet as well.他是科学家，而且又沈老是诗人。as well as用于肯定句中，起连接作用，同not onlybut also，反义词为neithernor，表“既又;不仅而且”;也：He gave me clothes as well as food.他既给我食物，又给我衣服。(as well as重在强调其前面的人或事物)and与二者的区别较大，and虽也是连词，但表“和，与，同时”，表示并列或对称的关系，用来连接词、短语或句子：father and son父子;He and I are friends.他和我是朋友。18、talk speak telltell“告诉，请传达某事给某人”(常有双宾语，人和话语，tell sb. sth.)如：Tell him to wait. 叫他等着。speak 着重“讲话这一动作本身, 既可指系统的长篇讲话, 又可指简单的开口发音, 但不一定有人在听所说的话”, 如:The baby is learning to speak.那个婴儿在学说话。talk侧重“与人交谈时的连贯说话”, 如:Im talking to a friend.我正与朋友谈话。此句意为：我可以和安说话吗?speak to sb.与说话(侧重动作);talk to sb.与谈话(侧重双方交谈)19、go on to do 和 go on doinggo on to do 指做完了一件事，再去做另一件事，而 go on doing sth. 指一直在做同一件事，如：1、 After he finished reading the text, he went on to do his homework.沈大雄2、 From 6 to 9 this morning, Tom went on writing a short passage.第一句：读完课文，又去做作业。(两件事)第二句，从6点到9点，一直在写小短文。(一直在干同一件事)20、比较级形容词或副词 + than 。例如：You are taller than I. 你比我高。They lights in your room are brighter than those in mine.你房间的那些灯比我房间里的亮。注意：1)要避免重复使用比较级。(错) He is more cleverer than his brother.(对) He is more clever than his brother.(对) He is clever than his brother.2)要避免将主语含在比较对象中。(错) China is larger than any country in Asia.(对) China is larger than any other countries in Asia.3)要注意对应句型，遵循前后一致的原则。The population of Shanghai is larger than that of Beijing.It is easier to make a plan than to carry it out.4)要注意定冠词在比较级中的使用。比较：Which is larger, Canada or Australia?Which is the larger country, Canada or Australia?She is taller than her two sisters.She is the taller of the two sisters.七比五多二。所以用“多(more)”。多了两个所以要在前面加“two”。21、have been，have gonehave / has been (to) 表示“曾经去过”某地have / has gone (to) 表示某人“已经去了”某地试比较： He has been to Beijing. 他曾去过北京。(人已回来，可能在这儿)、 He has gone to Beijing. 他已经去了北京。(人已走，不在这儿)22、other another others the other1) other(两个中的)另一个，另一些，其他的。在句中作主语、宾语、定语。相当于名词时，有复数形式others.还有所有格形式others和 others.other之前常用定冠词the.I have two cats;one is black and the other is white.我有两只猫，一黑，一白。This seat is free, the other seat is taken.These books are hers, and the other ones are mine.She always thinks of other people and never thinks of herself.I have two pencils; one is red; and the other is blue.There are only two books left. But I dont like this one. Will you please show me the other?Some are listening to the radio, others are watching TV.There are thirty students in our class. Twenty are girls. The other students are boys.Some of the pencils are red. The others are green.(2)another意思是与某一个不同的另一个，又一个。是由不定冠词an和other合并构成，因此，它只能代替或修饰可数的单数名词，前面不再用冠词。例如：This book is too difficult for me. Will you please give me another one?I dont like this one. Show me another.He got three books; One is dictionary, another is a play, the third is a grammar.(3) others和some对比使用时, 是“有些”的意思而不是做“其他” 讲, 如:Some cleaned the windows, others mopped the floor. 有的擦窗户, 有的擦地板。Some of us like singing and dancing,others go in for sports.我们中有些喜欢唱歌跳舞，而另一些人则喜爱运动。(4) the others是“其余的”意思, 表示在一个范围内的其他全部, 如: This dictionary is better than the others. 这本字典比别其余的好。He came in time, but the others were late.他按时来了，可是其他的人迟到了。23、So do I .与So I do对别人的话作出反应，可以用So do I .也可以用So I do . so作为一个替代词可代表上文的一个分句或分句的一部分，以表示同意对方的说法，这样用时so一般位于句首，但两个句子的意思却完全不同。So do I .表示我也是这样，用以表示同意;而句型so+代词+助动词表示 确实如此(带有惊异的意味)。试比较：I like fish .So do I . 我喜欢吃鱼。我也喜欢吃鱼。You like fish .So I do . 你喜欢吃鱼。正是如此。Its her turn .So it is . 该轮到她了。确是这样。He is very strict with himself .So he is . 他对自己非常严格。是如此。You have to start early .So I do . 你得早点出发。确是这样。Shes made a mistake about me .So she has . 她误会我了。她的确误会你了。Li Ping speaks English very well .So he does . 李平英语讲得很好。他确实讲得不错。so的这种用法只用于肯定句中。否定句中用neither或nor，结构相似，意为也不。例如： I wont have any more .Nor will I . (或Neither will I .) 我不再要了我也不要了。neither和nor都可以用在句子和简略答语的开头，表示also not(也不是)。两个词后面跟倒装语序(与疑问句相同)。在这样的结构中，neither的意思与nor并无真正的不同，在正式文体中nor用得较少。请看例句：I cant swim .Neither can I . 我不会游泳。我也不会。不能说I also cant .或I cant too .Jack didnt like the play .Nor did we . 杰克不喜欢这出戏。我们也不喜欢。可以用not either(用正常语序)替代neither或nor .I cant swim .He cant either . 我不会游泳。他也不会。I dont like him and I dont like her either . 我不喜欢他，也不喜欢她。24、everyone, anybody, somebody, all-Are_ there now?-Yes.A.everyone B.anybody C.somebody D.all1 all 都，指三者以上。all的单复数由它所修饰或指代的名词的单复数决定。All goes well. 一切进展得很好。All are here. 所有人都在者。all 通常不与可数名词单数连用，如：不说 all the book，而说 the whole book。但all可与表时间的可数名词单数连用，如 all day，all night，all the year; 但习惯上不说 all hour，all century。all还可以与一些特殊的单数名词连用，如 all China，all the city，all my life， all the way2 everybody,everyone表示每个人,everything表示每一件事,东西.Everybody(Everyone) should try his best.Everything in the box is dangerous.3 somebody,someone,anybody,anyone均表示某人,something,anything都表示某事物.somebody,someone,something一般用于肯定句;anybody,anyone,anything一般用于否定句和疑问句:Theres someone(somebody) in the room.There isnt anyone(anybody) in the room.He found something in the big hole.He didnt find anything in the big hole.Is there anything in the big hole?4 somebody,someone,something有时用在疑问句中,含有肯定的意思.Is there someone in the room? (希望房间里有人)Would you like something to eat? (希望对方吃点东西)5 anybody,anyone,anything用在肯定句中,表示任何人,任何东西.Anyone likes beautifull things.这道题目主要根据are表示主语是复数，所有人都在那吗?是的。25、may maybe 和may bemay情态动词，用于肯定句，表示许可，目的以及可能性，也用于疑问句，表示请求，询问，怀疑，犹豫等。在疑问句中，常用can , could , might来代替may，其中could与might比may更有(更加)怀疑，犹豫，不确定。肯定句中，may表示许可时，更庄重，郑重一点。而may be则是情态动词may与系动词be的组合，这也是may的一个用法，may后边接动词的时，要用原形，当然这也是情态动词的一般性质。maybe是副词，“也许，可能”，“大概”，用法很简单，常用于句子开头，有时后边紧接着加一逗号，与后面的句子分开。表示一种可能性?可能发生某事(可能是这样)，或可能不发生某事(可能不是某种情况)。例句：1. You may come in now . (许可)2. I give her some money so that she may buy some books . (目的)3. May I go now ? (询问)4. He has been ill for 3 days . He may be fine now .5. He has been ill for 3 days . Maybe , he is fine now .6. Maybe he will come , maybe he wont .7. ?Is it true ? Maybe , I am not sure .26、some time some times sometime sometimessome time some timessometime sometimes 的区别。(1)some time表示“一段时间”。例：She stayed here for some time .(2)sometime 指“不确定的时间”例：He will come back sometime next week .Our house was built sometime around 1905.(3)sometimes“有时”“