留学美国签证研究计划模板大全.doc

留学美国签证研究计划模板大全（1）Descriptions of the research planTitle: Synthesis, Formation Mechanism, and Properties of Different Metal/Metal NanostructuresKeywords: Multi-Shell Nanostructures, Ionic Liquids, Electrochemistry, Multi-Functionality,Porous Metal Materials, Low-Dimensionality, Green Chemistry Objectives: This program is to develop a novel method for fabricating heterogeneous or alloyed different metal/metal low-dimensional nanostructures, for example, multi-shell or porous Ag-Au nanowires, nanorods, and nanocubes using an ionic liquid as both the solvent and shape-inducing template. Synthesis of ionic liquids (ILs) with different alkyl chains and functional groups, as well as the formation of different metal/metal nanostructures with new properties are involved in this research plan. Alloyed or heterogeneous multi-shell nanostructures are generated by utilizing electrochemical (electroless) deposition or a simple galvanic replacement reaction in ILs. By controlling the size, shape, composition, crystal structure and surface properties of these structures, it enables us not only to uncover their intrinsic properties, but exploit their formation mechanism in ILs media, as well as their applications in catalysis, surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS), sensors, porous electrodes, etc. This green chemistry process also may be extended to synthesize other organic and inorganic nanostructures with novel properties, morphology and complex form. State-of-the-artMetal nanostructures have numerous applications as nanoscale building blocks, templates, and components in chemical and biological sensors, as well as electronic/optical devices, due to their interesting optical, catalytic and electrical properties that depend strongly on both size and shape. Over the past decade, impressive progress has been made towards the fairly good shape and size control of metal nanostructures 12. For noble metals, more emphasis is placed on tuning the novel shape-dependent properties of these nanostructures in contrast to the size-dependency. A variety of metallic building blocks with unique properties have been synthesized including cubes 34, prisms 5, disks 6, and hollow nanostructures 7. Currently the interests migrate to the synthesis and application of more complex structures with different metals, such as multi-shell and heterogeneous nanostructures having new properties89, coupling a conception for optimizing preparative strategies in an environmentally benign system10. Therefore, besides creating novel nanostructures with unique properties, a problem arising from the utilization of volatile or poisonous organic solvents and additives is of much concern in view of cleaner technology throughout both industry and academia.Most of the current shape selective synthesis of metal nanostructures that their optical properties are markedly affected by their shape and aspect ratio are centered either on a solid substrate by physical methods or in aqueous or organic media through chemical procedures 2. For instance, complex and highly regular crystalline silver inukshuk architectures can be produced directly on a germanium surface through a simple galvanic displacement reaction that only three ingredients were required: silver nitrate, water, and germanium 11. Despite these advancements, however, limited reports have been reported on how the particle morphology and dimensionality could be regulated by the utilization of ILs12.Recently, environmentally benign room-temperature ionic liquids (RTILs) have received increasing attention worldwide due to their favorable properties including excellent thermal and chemical stability, good solubility characteristics, high ionic conductivity, negligible vapor pressure, nonflammability, relatively low viscosity, and a wide electrochemical window. This class of fluid materials contains complicated molecular interactions such as ionic interactions, hydrogen bonding, - interactions, and amphiphilic polarization, rendering various molecular structures from merely local orderness up to macroscopic thermo tropic or lyotropic liquid crystalline phases 13. These advantages make them actively being employed as green solvents for organic chemical reactions, extraction and separation technologies, catalysis, solar cells, and electrochemical applications1415.In contrast to tremendous growth in R&D on application of ionic liquids to chemical processing, the use of RTILs in inorganic synthesis is still in its infancy. There have been only a few reports on the shape-and-dimension controlled formation, by using RTILs, of hollow TiO2 microspheres 16 and nanowires of palladium 17, gold nanosheets 12, tellurium nanowires 18, flower-like ZnO nanostructures 19, and CuCl nanoplatelets 20. So far, alloyed metal structures, either spherical nanoparticles or nanocomposite films, have been generated in RTILs using electrochemical deposition of nanocrystalline metals such as Al-Fe, and Al-Mn alloys on different substrates 21. However, formation of multi-shell or hollow nanostructures by controlling both the shape and dimension in RTILs has not yet appeared in literature, especially using an electrochemical approach. It is therefore proposed in this program that a new route to optically or catalytically tune the properties of complex metal/metal nanostructures through the control of shape anisotropy and surface morphology is established in RTILs using a green chemistry approach. The reasons we choose RTILs as reaction media are not only in the view of environment protection, but in the consideration of their diversiform molecular structures, which could be used as shape-inducing templates for the synthesis of new nanostructures. It is very unlikely that ILs will entirely replace organic solvents or aqueous systems or gas phase processes for the fabrication of inorganic matter. Nevertheless, ionic liquids with different functional groups may provide a means to fabricate nanostructures that are not otherwise available. The applicant has accumulated good backgrounds in shape-controlled synthesis and characterization of metal and semiconductor low-dimensional nanostructures with unique optical properties. A series of approaches have been used to fabricate Ag-SiO2, and Ag-TiO2 core-shell nanostructures and Ag-SiO2-TiO2 nanocomposite films. During the Ph.D program, novel soft sol and polymer-assisted methods have been developed to form metal and semiconductor nanorods and wires, such as silver and gold nanowires, CdS and ZnS nanowires and rods, as well as anisotropic metal nanocrystals, for example, silver nanoprisms, gold nanocubes, nanodisks, and so on 2223. At the same time, tuning the optical properties through the interaction of nanostructures with femtosecond laser pulses to control the size, shape or dimension in nanometer regime has also been investigated 24. As for the institution to which the applicant is applying and the group of Professor XXXXXXX, equipments including TEM, SEM, UV-Vis-NIR absorption spectrometer and other emission spectrometer (static, time-resolved and temperature dependent), as well as the groups excellent research experience in semiconductor and metal nanomaterials 2526 provide a sound foundation for the implementation of this research plan, probably resulting in not only a better understanding of the utilization of RTILs in nanochemistry and electrochemistry, but creating new nanostructures, such as microporous Ag/Au multi-shell nanowires with promising applications in SERS, catalysis, etc.A multidisciplinary approach and the planned activitiesA multidisciplinary approach is designed in this proposal through integrating organic synthesis, electrochemistry, materials science and optoelectronics, aiming to fabricate different metal/metal multi-shell heterogeneous nanostructures including nanocubes, nanorings, nanoplates, nanowires and nanotubes. This research plan covers three aspects: The first one is to create novel structures through the reduction of different metal precursors in RTILs using reducing agents or electrosynthetic processes. The second is to produce porous low dimensional metal nanostructures by etching with specific solutions (e.g. concentrated ammonia or hydrochloric acid) or using galvanic displacement reaction and electrochemical anodization. The third is to investigate the formation mechanism and properties of these nanomaterials.1. Synthesis of metal nanostructures with tailored morphology2. Formation of porous low dimensional nanostructures.3. Properties of different metal/metal nanostructures.4. A possible extension of this research planAnother important direction is to fabricate magnetic/semiconducting core-shell nanocrystals, such as Fe3O4/CdSe, or dye molecule complexed rare earth metals to form Gd(BPy)/CdSe using RTILs as reaction media. These nanocrystals containing both fluorescence and magnetic resonance embedded in silica nanoparticles can be used as probes for the study of biological materials, especially in bio-imaging. The magnetic/semiconducting core-shell complex nanocrystals offer distinct advantages over conventional dye-molecules, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and simplex semiconductor nanocrystals not only in that they emit multiple colors of light and can be used to label and measure several biological markers simultaneously, but in the capability to target molecules with a good spatial resolution.Time schedule for the planMay 1, 2006-July 1, 2006Two months German learning in a Goethe InstituteJuly 1, 2006-Oct. 31, 20061. Discussion on the detailed research plan and the preparation of materials2. Synthesis and characterization of low-dimensional nanostructures in RTILs3. Publishing 1 papers4. Attending one international convention on nanostructures and applicationsNov. 1, 2007-Mar. 31, 20071. Further improvement of the optical and catalytic properties of nanostructures by controlling their composition, size, shape and morphology2. Formation of multi-shell and porous metal/metal nanomaterials and surface modification3. Applications of as prepared nanostructures in SERS and porous electrodes, ect.4. Publishing about 2-3 papersApr. 1, 2007-May 1, 20071. Summarization of experimental results and rethinking of the RTILs in synthesis of nanomaterials2. Discussion on the possible extension of this research plan留学美国签证研究计划模板大全（2）Advisors informationName:*Organization: Northwestern UniversityAcademic position: * ProfessorE-mail: *TEL: *Address: *, Chicago, IL 60611Research planBackground: A number of key transcription factors, including the Androgen Receptor, the Polycomb group protein EZH2, and the TMPRSS2:ERG gene fusions, have been related to epigenetic changes and implicated in prostate cancer. As transcriptional regulation, for instance those by EZH2, eventually leads to inheritable epigenetic changes and thus altered chromatin status. Epigenetic mechanisms may be fundamental to tumorigenesis. Based on labs previous work, we hypothesized that in aggressive tumors altered transcriptional controls and chromatin states lead to de-differentiation and a stem cell like cellular status. In our study we will reveal the link between transcriptional control and epigenetic changes including histone methylation, DNA methylation and the regulation of miRNAs.Therefore the proposed work seeks to find the mechanisms between epigenetic regulation and prostate cancer. We plan to do the following projects:Project 1: Cell Culture and In Vitro Overexpression, Inhibition and Function Assays.From November 2010 to February 2011, I will conduct experiments on: cell lines culture, expression vector construct, RNA analysis by RT-PCR.Project 2: Protein Interaction Assay, ChIP-Seq Assays and Bioinformatics Analysis.From March 2011 to August 2011, I will perform the Assays on: Protein interaction between target genes, Chromatin immunoprecipitation using the histone methylation antibody and sequence the DNA fragments, Search the binding site sequence by Bioinformatics analysis.Project 3: Paper Writing and PublicationFrom September 2011 to October 2011, I will write my research paper and submit it to a high influence factor journal.Return planEpigenetic regulation, as one of the most fascinating research fields, has appeared in US & Europe since 2000s. Now this discipline has emerged as a new research frontier and received more and more attention in the world. However, in China, epigenetics has only received little attention compared to overseas. In many universities and institutes, few people concentrate on epigenetic regulation. So plenty of researchers will be needed to work on this discipline in the near future.With good expertise in epigenetic research including histone methylation and DNA methylation acquired in National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement in past seven years and a deeper insight into epigenetic regulation that will be acquired in Northwestern University, I am full of confidence that after the completion of my post-doctoral research program, I will be able to find a suitable academic position in some university or institute in littoral of China or my home province. With good training in U.S and profound knowledge in epigenetics, I am confident of myself that I will be more competitive and have a much better chance in China. In addition, I will share my research experience abroad with future colleagues in China.留学美国签证研究计划模板大全（3）Descriptions of the research planTitle: Synthesis of Metal-Organic Compound (Grubbs and Schrock-type) Using for PolymerizationKeywords: polymer, asymmetric catalyst, mechanism, polymerization1. Background and introduction of the research project:Conjugated polymers play an important role in various electronic applications. Apart from their conductivity, their photo- and electroluminescence properties are attracting great interest. Owing to their luminescence properties, they are also used in several electronic applications, such as organic lightemitting diodes (OLEDs), solar cells, photovoltaic devices, lasers, all-plastic full-color image sensors, and field effect transistors. In principle, ternary systems, well-defined Mo-based Schrock-type catalysts and fluorocarboxylate-modified Grubbs-type metathesis catalysts may be used for cyclopolymerization. Together with palladium-catalyzed reactions such as the Heck, Suzuki and Sonohashira-Hagihara reactions, metathesis reactions, particularly those that can be accomplished in an asymmetric way, belong nowadays to the most important C-C coupling reactions. Due to the achievements made with catalysts necessary to accomplish these reactions, an almost unprecedented progress has been made in this area of research; nevertheless, the demand for new catalytic systems is a continuous and growing one.2. The aim and expection of the research project abroad:Its chemistry department can fulfill my project than any other domestic universities. Based on my professional knowledge, I can have a motivated research period and accomplish my Ph.D study.3. The work plan after returning to China:After completing my Ph.D study, I would like to return to my homeland and make use of my knowledges to serve the people.Now I submit my application with full confidence in the hope of winning a favorable permit. Many thanks for your kind consideration!留学美国签证研究计划模板大全（4）Advisors informationName: +Organization: + UniversityAcademic position: +Professor of +DirectorE-mail: *TEL: 831 *-*Address: *Research planBackground: +Project 1: +Form October 2010 to January 2011, I will conduct experiments on +Project 2: +From February 2011 to September 2011, I will investigate +Return planAfter one-year research in the United States, I will return to China to continue to be a college teacher in + University. I will continue my research work and construct +. In addition, I will share my research experience abroad with my colleagues and students. My research experience abroad will help me apply for a higher academic position.There is a list of my plans:Plan 1: +Plan 2: +Plan 3: +Plan 4: +留学美国签证研究计划模板大全（5）RESEARCH PROJECT:TITLE:BACKGROUND AND INTRODUCTION OF THE RESEARCH PROJECT:THE PREPARATION WORK OF THE PROJECT IN CHINA:THE AIM AND EXPECTATION OF THE RESEARCH PROJECT ABROAD:THE EXPERIMENTAL METHODS AND DATA ANALYSIS METHODS:THE SCHEDULE OF THE RESEARCH PROJECT PLAN:THE WORK PLAN AFTER RETURNING TO CHINA:留学美国签证研究计划模板大全（6）课题研究项目/RESEARCH PROJECT)题目/TITLE: Fabrication and Modification of Different Electrocatalysts of Oxygen Reduction Reaction in Metal/ Air BatteryKeywords: Metal/ air battery, Oxygen reduction reaction, Electrocatalyst, Electrochemistry研究课题在国内外研究情况及水平THE CURRENT RESEARCH CONDITION AND LEVEL OF THE RESEARCH PROJECT AT HOME AND ABROAD:The electrocatalysts of oxygen reduction reaction (simply called ORR) are the key electrode materials for the metal/ air battery. Noble metal and alloy, such as Pt and alloy, are widely used as catalysts because of their highest catalytic activity and most stable performance in all the materials. Considering their high price, however, Pt and alloy are not suitable to be applied in large-scale industry. Therefore, it is significant to find a less expensive catalyst to replace Pt and alloy1. Recently three types of transition metal oxides are considered to be the excellent catalysts with wide application prospect due to low cost and high performance. In this essay I will introduce them as follows.The first t