电气工程导论专业英语.doc

专业英语概述结构：1长句多2被动语态，非谓语动词3介词短语多4名词性词很多5虚拟语气6专业术语翻译标准：准确明白，通顺严密，简练全面做法：1语法知识2专业、科学知识3汉语修养4翻译方法、技巧翻译过程：1理解阶段2表达阶段3校核阶段惯用时态：1一般现在时2被动语态3非限定性动词4大量使用名词介词短语5条件英语较多6长句较多Anti/counter 反，抗，防，逆 antiinterference 抗干扰 antiphase 反相Counter clockwise 逆时针counter current 反向电流auto 自动 auto transformer 自耦变压器 auto coder 自动编码器 auto modulation 自调制 auto mobile汽车 bi 双重 bipolar relay 双极继电器co 共同 一起 相互 cosine 余弦 coaxial cable 同轴电缆de 相反动作 demodulator 解调器 deform 变形 deci 十分之一 ，分 decimal 十进制 decibel 分贝 decimeter 分米 Di 双，偶，两 diode 二极管 dioxide 二氧化物Dis 反义词 displace 位移 disconnect 断开 Equi同等，均 equilibrium 均衡，平衡 Hydro 水，氢化 hydrodynamic 水力的，流体。动力学的 hydroelectric 水力发电的In 否定 invariable 不变的 Inter 相互，隔离 internet 互联网 interchange 互换 interface 界面 intercity train 城际列车Mal 不，失 malfunction故障，失灵 malformation 畸形 Mega 兆，百万 megawatt 兆瓦 megaton 百万吨 Micro 百万分之一 microelectronics微电子学 microcomputer 微机 micrometer 毫米 microwave 微波Mini 小 minicomputer 小型计算机 minibus 微型公交车Multi多 multifrequency 多频率 over 过，超，太 over-frequency 超频 Photo 光，光电，光敏 photocell 光电池 photoreceptor 感光器 Post 后 post fault 故障后Pre 在前，预先 preheat 预热 precondition 前提 Semi 半 semiconductor 半导体 Sub 子，亚，低，次 subsystem 子系统 substation 变电站 sub code 子码 Tele 远，电 telecommunicate 电信 telecontrol 遥控 tele switch 遥控开关Thermo热 thermoelectric 热电的 thermostat 恒温器 Tri三 triangle 三角形 Ultra 超过 ultrasonic 超声波 Un相反 unequal 不等 unvarying 不变的专业英语的词汇特点后缀able 的 stable稳定的 comparable 可比较的 al 的 digital 数字的 functional 功能性的。函数的ance/ence 名词词尾 capacitance 电容 resistance 电阻 reactance 电抗 ary 表示的 elementary 初步的en 表示使 Soften 使软化 harden 使变硬 free 表示无的，免于的 loss free 无损耗的 dust free 无尘的 ics 表示学科名称 physics 物理学 electronics 电子学 ity 表示 性。度 stability 稳定性 feasibility 可行性 ive 表示的 conductive 导电的 active 有源的 passive 无源的 less 表示无 Wireless 无线电 meter 表，计 speed meter 速度计 ohmmeter 电阻表proof 表示防的 lightning proof 防雷的 tion/sion 名词后缀 generation 发电 transmission 传输，发射or/er 表示器，人或物 generator 发电机 transmitter 发射机ist/ician 家 mathematician 数学家 special 专家构词法 1合成法 hardware 硬件 software 软件2混成法 telex= teleprinter+exchange 电传 Transistor =transfer +resistor 晶体管3截短法 auto = auto mobile汽车 Lab =laboratory 实验室 Amp=ampere 安培4缩略法 radar=radio detecting and ranging 雷达 Ups=uninterrupted power supply 不间断电源 Dc=direct current 直流 Ac=alternating current 交流 Cad=computer assisted design 5转化法 Xerox 用静电复印法复印词义的确定词义选择Knowledge is power The third power of 2 is 8。 2的三次方是8 By power we mean the rate of doing work.所谓功率指的就是做功的速率Electric power can be transmitted over long distance to users. 电力可以通过远距离传送到用户那里。Like charges repel, unlike charges attract. 异性电荷相吸，同性电荷相斥He likes power electronics. 他喜欢电子学 It is the atoms that make up iron ,water ,oxygen and the like .正是原子构成了铁，水，氧等相同物质。The transformer works properly. 这台变压器运转正常。Heavy industry 重工业 heavy line 粗线 heavy traffic 交通拥挤词义的引申These experiments have produced some valuable data .这些实验得出了某些有价值的数据。All the wit and learning in this field are to be present at the symposium 这一领域的全部学者将出席这一科学研讨会。Space technique has made great progress in the course of this single generation 空间技术在尽30年取得了巨大进展 。High voltage current is usually carried by overhead wire system so as to prevent living things being electrocuted 。为防止人畜触电，高压电一般采用高空输电VLSI is still in its infancy .超大集成电路仍处于发展初期。There are three steps which must be taken before we graduate from the integrated circuit technology. 我们要完全掌握集成电路还要经历3个阶段。Electricity and electronics are really indivisible ,each forming part of the other .电学和电子学实际上是难以分开的，二者相互渗透，相互关联。The major contributors in component technology have been in the semiconductor components. 元件技术中起主要作用的是半异体元件。词类的转换1名动 The application of electronic computers makes for a tremendous rise in labor productircity.使用电子计算机可以大大提高劳动生产率。2 形容词动词Heat is a form of into which all other forms are convertible(转化)热是能量的一种形式，其他一切能的形式都能转化为热能。3介词动词Except for atomic energy into which all other forms of energy used by man are from the sun . 除了原子能之外，人类所用的一切能量都来自太阳。4 副词动词We are through our test report .我们的实验报告写完了。用词的增省三方面需要1语法上2汉语习惯行文的表达需要3技术上的需要There is enough coal to meet the worlds needs for centuries to come. 有足够的煤来满足全世界未来几个世纪的需要。However, in spite of all this similarity between a voltmeter and ammeter there are also important differences. 可是尽管电压表和电流表有类似之处，但是还有若干重要差异。The factors, voltage, current and resistance are related to each other .电压，电流与电阻这三个因素是相互关联的。Based upon the relationship between magnetism and electricity are motors and generators.电动机与发电机就是以电和磁这两者之间的关系为基础。The revolution of the earth around the sun causes the changes of the seasons. 地球围绕太阳旋转引起四季的交替。Scientists are working to develop new ways to make the semiconductor material used in computers and other modern electronic devices. 科学家正在研究新的方法制造用于计算机与现代电子设备的半导体材料。In developing Eq(2) the assumption was made that the excitation system of the generator is inherently stable.在推导方程2时本文曾假定发电机励磁系统是稳定的。Using a transformer ,power at low voltage can be transformed into power at high voltage.如果使用变压器，低电压就能转换成高电压。Many persons learned to program with little understanding of computers or applications to with computers, could or should or be applied. 许多人虽然已经学会了用计算机编程，但对计算机或以备的种种用途所知甚少。High voltage is necessary for long transmission line while low voltage for safe use. 远距离输电需要高电压，安全用电需要低压。The letter I represents the current in amperes, E the electromotive force in volts, and K the resistance in ohms. 字母I代表电流的安培数，E代表电势的伏特数，R代表电阻的欧姆数。With the development of modern electrical engineering ,power can be transmitted to wherever it is needed . 随着现代化电气工程的发展，人们可以把电力输送到任何需要的地方。It is said that numerical control is the operation of machine tools by numbers.人们说数控就是机床用数字加以操作。Floppy disks have always been cheap to make and relatively easy to copy .软盘制作成本比较低而且比较容易拷贝。句型的转换 Dont start working before having checked the instrument thoroughly. 要对仪器彻底检查后才能启动。The flowing of electricity through a wire is not unlike that of water through a pipe.电流流过导线就像水流过水管一样。The influence of temperature on the conductivity of metals is slight . 温度对金属的导电性影响不大。A rubber prevents electricity from passing through it ,it is used as insulating material.由于橡胶不导电，所以用作绝缘材料。The properties of material have dictated nearly every design and every useful application that the engineer could devise .工程师所能设计的每一种设计和应用都受到材料性能的限制。被动语态的翻译Every moment of every day ,energy is being transformed from one new computer viruses and logic booms are discovered every week. 每周我们都能发现新的电脑病毒和逻辑炸弹。A new way of displaying time has been given by electronics. 电子技术提供了一种新的显示时间的方法。否定句的翻译全部否定Nothing in the world moves faster than light. 世界是没有任何东西比光快。A gas has neither definite sharp nor definite volume. 气体既没有固定的形状也没有固定的体积。部分否定In a thermal power plant, all the chemical energy of the fuel is not converted into heat. 在热电厂，燃料的化学能并没有全部转化成电能。数量词的翻译As high as 高达 as heavy as 重达 as as large as 大到 as low as 低至 as many as 多到The temperature at the suns center is as high as 10000000度。太阳中心的温度高达1000万度。The error probability of binary AM is greater than binary FM by a factor of at least 6. 二进制调幅误差概率比二进制调频至少大5倍。The resistance of aluminum is approximately half again as great as that of copper for the same dimensions. 尺寸相同时，铝的电阻约为铜的一倍半。Automation will help us to raise the output of production by thirty percent. 自动化能帮助我们提高产量30%。Double 增加一倍，翻一翻，是二倍 treble 增加两倍，增加到三倍。 Quadruple 增加三倍，翻两番As high as voltage was abruptly trebled all the values burnt .由于电压突然增高三倍，管子都烧坏了。句型 动词+ n times , 动词 + by + n times , n times as + adv/adj +as , 动词 +by a factor of + n 译：减少了n分之一（n-1倍），减少到n分之一The new equipment will reduce the error probability by seven times .新设备将降低误差概率6/7Tests indicate this might reduce activity by a factor between 10 and 100.测试结果表明，这可将可能性降低到原来的1/101/100.The prime cost decreased by sixty percent. 主要成本降低了60%。The pressure will be reduced to one forth of its original value. 压力将减小到原来数值的四分之一。句型：half as much as twice ,twice less than 比少一半或比少二分之一The power output of the machine is twice less than its input。该机器的输出功率比输入功率小二分之一。英语科技论文结构Science papers :学术论文、学位论文、科技报告科技报告由三部分组成：前部front 封面cover 扉页 title paperLetter of transmittal 提交报告书 distribution list 分发范围 contents 目录 preface or foreword 序或前言 acknowledge 致谢 abstract 摘要 list of tables 表格目录 list of illustrations 插图目录正文：introduction 引言 main body 论文主体 conclusion 结论后部：list of references 参考文献 appendices 附录 table 表 graphs 图 list of abbreviations signs and symbols 缩写记号符号表 index 索引科技报告封面上：title 标题 contractor or job number 合同或任务编号 book cover 封底 organization responsible for the report 研究单位 classification notice (confidential,secret,etc)密级（机密，保密等）author or authors 作者 date of issue 完成日期期刊论文：title 标题 organizations and address introduction authors 作者 abstract 摘要 keywords 关键字 main body of papers conclusion or summary 结论或总结 reference 参考文献标题：除介词。连词外每个词词首都大写中心词（名词）+修辞语（介词、分词、不定式短语）An Adaptive Fuzzy logic power system stabilizer (The) Summary on Development of Switched Reluctance Machine 开关磁阻电机发展综述学术论文写作摘要四要素：研究目的，研究方法，研究结果，结论要求：一般不超过200个单词，多采用过去式时态，叙述作者工作以现在时态叙述，一般使用第三人称，而不用第一二人称Be described 描述 be introduced 介绍 be analyzed 分析 be offered 提供 be testified 验证 be adopted 采用 be improved 改进 关键词和引言：关键词紧跟在摘要之后，另起一行，规定为3-10个字，实际中以3-5个字多见，关键词之间用应有2-3个空格或者分号隔开Eg: keywords; ; ; ;结论和参考文献：1结论2参考文献references 根据引用参考文献的类型分别采用以下顺序编排：1著作，作者，译者，书名，出版地，出版社，出版年，起止页2期刊论文，作者，题（篇）名，出版年，卷号（期号）起止页3会议论文 作者，题（篇）名，文集名，会议名，会址，开会年，起止页4学位论文 作者，题（篇）名，【博（硕）士学位论文】授学位地，授学位学校，授学位年限5网上检索 网址，论文作者，论文名称Resume简历1personal个人情况：姓名，性别，出生日期，国籍，健康状况，常驻地址，通信地址，电话及电子信箱（有时身高，体重，爱好）2education教育状况：何地何校毕业，何时何处被授予何种学位，所学主要科目，外语程度，编写顺序为最高学历或最近学历优先写，时间安排成倒序的顺序。3experience工作经历或写成working experience, research experience, teachin