研究生英语期末考试复习资料 (2).doc

第一章：1、There appears so many phenomenon that _common sense in science study.A、defy 向挑战；不服从 B、reject C、refuse D、neglect 忽略2、_to secret document is denied to all but few. （deny拒绝）A、Access B、Approach C、Contact D、Touch3、The two most important _ in making a cake are flour and sugar.A、elements B、components C、ingredients 组成成分；（烹调的）原料 D、constituents选民；成分4、The government gave a very _ explanation of its plans for industrial development.A、extensive B、widespread C、universal D、comprehensive 综合的5、They committed _crimes to the county and the people （committee the crime犯罪）A、huge B、vast C、immense极大的 D、enormous 6、Education is _for all school-age children in many a countyA、demanded B、compulsory 强制性的，义务的 C、requested D、general7、While a full understanding of what causes the disease may be several years away，_leading to a successful treatment could come sooner.A、a distinction 区别，荣誉，特质 B、a breakthrough C、an identification 识别，身份证明，认同 D、an interpretation解释，表演，理解8、Many people think that the standards of public _have declined（下降）A、morality 道德，道德观 B、rightness C、awareness D、mentality9、Housewives who do not go out to work often feel they are not working to their full_A、capacity B、strength C、length D、possibility 10、These recommendations will need to be _to the committee（委员会，监护人）before they can be implementedA、cultivated B、justified C、notified D、informed第三章：1、But more significantly（重要地，有意义地），it will _materials and machines into space for industrial purpose unimagined(无法想象的) two decades ago when sputnik(人造卫星)was added to be vocabularyA、deliver B、utter 讲，出版 C、dedicate D、deduct 减去，演绎2、There are occasions when giving a gift _spoken communication，since the message it offers can cut through barriers of language and cultural diversity A、overtakes追上 B、nourishes养育，喂养 C、surpass优于 D、enforces实施，强迫3、Some educators try to put students of similar abilities into the same class because they believe this kind of _grouping is advisableA、instantaneous瞬间的 B、spontaneous自然的 C、rigorous严密的，严格的 D、homogeneous同类的4、It also means that governments are increasing compelled(强迫) to _in these sectors (部门) in order to step up production and ensure that it is utilized(利用) to the best advantage A、interfere干预 B、incur引起，干预 C、intrude打扰 D、initiate5、It is best not to _on you misfortunesA、dull迟钝的 B、dwell居住，细想某事 C、lodge存放，提出 D、dwarf使显得矮小6、Although great natural barriers(障碍物) hindered(阻碍) east-west development in Canada，this circumstance was mitigated(缓解，减轻) by the _river and lakes systems that provided avenues(途径) for the fur trader，missionary soldier，and settlerA、potent 有效地 B、multiple多功能的 C、modify 修改 D、mighty巨大的7、The virus _by attaching to a cell and injecting its nucleic acid once inside the cell.A、replicas复制品n B、replicates再生v C、repudiate否认，拒绝接收 D、requisite 必需品n，需要adj8、Although fats and oils are as nutritionally important as energy sources，medical research indicates that _fats may contribute to hardening of the arteriesA、saturated 饱和的 B、pervaded C、permeated 传播，渗入 D、penetrated渗入9、It took 16 years for workers with pickaxes and shovels to move 5 million cubic feet of earth and rock，and to plant half a million tress and shrubs, making a _to nature- a romantic nineteenth-century perception of natureA、tribute礼物，颂辞，证据 B、attribute认为是，属性 C、contribute D、tribune民众领袖，论坛10、The detective investigating the murder case examined the body，inspected the scene of the crime，and _the weapon for clues(线索)A、audit审计 B、scrutinized仔细检查v C、scrutiny仔细检查n D、scruple感到于心不安，有顾虑第五章：1、In the spring export commodities(商品) fair(展览会)，the_ of fine china attracted much attention of customers from all over the world A、string B、procession C、array 阵列 D、succession 2、We should make a clear _between the two scientific terms for the purpose of our discussionA、distinction差别，区别，对比 B、discrimination歧视 C、deviation背离 D、separation3、Fortuneteller(算命者) are good at making_ statements such as “Your sorrows will change”A、philosophical哲学上的，冷静的，明达的 B、ambiguous不明确的C、literal照字面的，原义的 D、invalid无效的4、Diamonds(钻石) have little _value and their price depends almost entirely on their scarcity(缺乏，稀少)A、extinct灭绝的 B、permanent永久的 C、surplus过剩的 D、intrinsic固有的本质的5、The court considers a financial _to be an appropriate way of punishing himA、payment付款，支付 B、obligation义务，债务 C、option D、penalty惩罚6、The magician made us think he cut the girl into pieces but it was merely an _A、illusion错觉，幻想 B、impression印象，效果 C、image D、illumination照明，解释清楚7、We are doing this work in the _ of reforms(改良) in the economic，social and cultural sphereA、context背景 B、contest比赛n，竞争v C、pretext借口，掩饰 D、texture结构，本质8、Being somewhat shortsignted(近视，没有远见)，she had the habit of _ at peopleA、glancing朝.看了一眼 B、peering凝视 C、gazing D、scanning9、What the correspondent sent us is an _ news report. We can depend on itA、evident明显的 B、authentic真正的，可信的 C、ultimate最后的，极限的，最大的 D、immediate立即的，当前的10、In _ time human being did not travel for pleasure but to find a more favorable climateA、prime最初的 B、primitive原始的 C、primary最早的 D、preliminary初步的第七章： 1. Prejudicing(偏见) vital(至关重要的) foreign policy considerations in order to rescue individuals finds its domestic(国内的) equivalent（相等的） in the inflated awards paid to accident and malpractice victims.2. Combustion(燃烧，骚动) within the populace(百姓，平民) slowly built up to the point of revolution(革命).3. I told the judge that I could not perceive(意识到，理解) any difference between the two coins.4. The aero plane was a bit bumpy (气流不稳的)at times and one or two were sick(恶心的，不舒服的).5. They criticized Martin Luther King for his rigid(顽固的) stance (态度，立场) on non-violence.6. The tutor(导师) told his students to prune (修剪) an article of its superfluities(多余物).7. Sir Alexander Fleming stumbles (无意中发现)on his great discovery of penicillin(青霉素) quite by accident.8. She won by default(缺席不到场), because her opponent(对手) refused to play.9. I always replenish(补充) my food supply before it is deplete(耗尽).10. With success and prosperity(繁荣。昌盛，成功), John was finally able to ease off(减轻，挪开).精读课后翻译：第一章：1. 公益广告中的口号和形象不仅令人难忘，而且能引起广泛关注，激励人们采取行动。The slogans and characters in the public service message are more than memorable - they raise awareness, inspire individuals to take action.2. 大学教育的最终结果应该由学生在课堂的种种表现来衡量，他们是否精于知识的运用，是否接受了扎实的基础教育，是否在某一特殊领域称职。The outcomes of collegiate education should be measured by the students performance in classroom as they become proficient in the use of knowledge, acquire a solid basic education and become competent in a specific field.3. 美丽的校园为我们提供一个理想空间，让我们沉思找到灵感，以助我们更好地旅行。The beautiful campus provides an ideal space for contemplation and inspiration to aid us in that journey.4. 在知识之旅上，你们不是独行者。我们有出色的师资和员工。他们致力于求知和理解，将会在旅途中支持和鼓励你们。Youll not be expected to undertake this intellectual journey on your own. We have an exceptional faculty and staff, dedicated to the search for knowledge and understanding, who will support and encourage you in your journey.5. 人们的生活离不开自然，这是自然资源保护论者的第一原则。然而，人们不能在自然中生活而不对其加以改造。People cannot live apart from nature: that is the first principle of the conservationists. And yet, people cannot live in nature without change it.6. 世界经济飞速发展以及经济和科技领域的激烈竞争，对教育提出了强有力的挑战。Flying development of science and technology worldwide, as well as intensity competition in economic and technological fields has addressed a tough challenge to education.7. 由于欧盟设定了严格标准以减少垃圾填埋并提倡包装的循环利用，包装行业目前受到了从未有过的严格监督。The packing industry now finds itself under scrutiny as never before, as tough EU targets are set to reduce landfilling and increase recycling.8. 中国与发达国家在科技领域存在着差距，因此必须依赖科技和教育的发展来推行可持续发展战略。There is a gap between China and advanced countries in the area of science and technology. So it must depend on science, technology and education to carry out a sustainable development strategy.第三章：有人说这世界是男人的天下，然而，根据市场调查公司NPD的研究，大多数购物和娱乐消费都是由女人做主的。人们早就知道，家人衣着和家庭装饰大多由女人做主，但这次对美国5.1万个家庭所做的调查却表明，其他一些购买决策行为中也存在着令人惊异的性别分野。根据调查结果，在挑选电影、餐馆和电视节目的时候，男人也会听从女人的意见。此外，调查数据还表明，由女人说了算的事情还包括在电影院里坐什么位置、上哪儿去买食品以及请哪些客人到家里来。实际上，男人只在选购个人电子产品、买家用轿车以及制订家庭预算等事情上有些许发言权。主持此次调查的NPD公司首席分析师马歇尔科恩说，购买行为中的性别差异对广告业、传媒业以及培训行业来说意义重大。他说：“管理品牌、推销产品或是从事广告工作的人必须密切注意消费者动态的变化。”Some say its a mans world, but women actually make most purchasing and entertainment decisions, according to a study by market research firm NPD. Its long been accepted that women pick out most of the clothes for the family and decide on home furnishings, but this study of 51000 U.S. households showed some surprising facets of purchasing decisions broken down by gender. Men defer to women when it comes to choosing movies, restaurants and television shows, according to the survey. The data indicated that women also decide where to sit in a movie theatre, where to shop for food and which guests come to the family home. In fact, the only areas where men had any clout involved personal electronics purchases, the family car and setting household budgets. The gender differences in purchasing could have implications for advertising, media and education companies, said NPD chief analyst Marshal Cohen, who spearheaded the research. “Anyone whos managing a brand, marketing a product or working for an advertising agency needs to be conscientious in the shifts in consumer dynamics”, Cohen said.第五章：1. 我对这部影片里的任何角色都难以认同。I found it hard to identify with any of the characters in the film.2. 数月来他经历挫折而不断努力，终于有了收获。After months of disappointment, his perseverance was finally rewarded.3. 她把她的意思解释得清清楚楚。She made her meaning crystal clear.4. 像大多数的夫妻一样，他俩的婚姻波折迭起，但生活就是这样。Like most married couples they have had their ups and downs, but life is like that.5. 经过寒冷的冬天，大家都渴望天气有所好转。Everyone is yearning for the weather to change, after this code winter.6. 这个广告是针对儿童设计的。This advertisement is calculated to appeal to children.7. 这种骚扰仅仅是人们不满的一种表露而已。This riot is only one manifestation of peoples discontent.8. 原始人用尖石块和兽骨为自己制作原始的工具。Primitive man made himself primitive tools from sharp stones and animal bones.第七章：Historically, Jeeps reputation as a go - anywhere vehicle dates back to the Second World War when the original Jeeps, supplied by the Willys company, carried allied forces through the Pacific and Europe.The Macquarie dictionary of Motoring says the name Jeep stemmed from the United States Armys decision to call the vehicle GP, for General Purpose vehicle. The name was eventually corrupted to “jeep” from the pronunciation of the letters GP, and because a trademark owned by the Willys company.Jeep became part of Chrysler in 1988 and the company has since spent a lot of money to revitalize the Jeep production facilities, and to increase the number and style modals available. Chrysler says the Jeeps war - time reputation and rugged image undoubtedly helped it to carve out a new role in peacetime as recreational vehicle. It says the Jeep created the original market for recreational, off-road vehicles using the powerful four-wheel drive traction (known commercially as 4WD) for which the army jeep was famous.在历史上，吉普车以其能适应各种路况的出众性能而著称于世。这种美名可以追溯到二战期间，当时由威利斯公司提供的最初型号的吉普车载着盟军部队驰骋于太平洋沿岸及欧洲战场。麦氏汽车驾驶大全一书认为，“吉普”这个名字起源于美国军队决定把这种车辆叫做GP（for General Purpose）即多功能车之意。而后，GP这两个字母的读音被误读成为“吉普”，并成为威利斯公司享有的商标名称。1988年吉普为克莱斯勒公司所有，此后该公司投入了大量资金更新改造吉普车的生产设备，提高吉普车的产量并开发各种新车型应市。克莱斯勒公司称吉普车在战争年代享有的盛名以及其坚固耐用的形象无疑会有助于它在和平时期树立其作为休闲娱乐车的新形象。该公司说，吉普为休闲，越野车开发了新市场，它有强劲的4轮牵引装置（商业上称为4轮驱动），过去军用吉普车曾因此而享誉四方。1. 汽车诞生后发展很快，不久就代替了马。（displace）The automobile was improved very rapidly after it was invented and soon displaced horses.2. 由于汽车污染环境并严重伤害人体，甚至杀人，我们可能不得不削减私人拥有汽车的数量而更多地依赖公共交通系统。（mass transmit systems）We may have to cut down on the number of privately owned cars and depend more on public mass transmit systems because cars pollute and maim or even kill people.3. 汽车轮子给我们带来了更好、更为便利的交通时，它也应对诸如空气污染、交通事故、交通拥挤之类的许多问题负责。（be guilty of）While wheels (automobiles) have brought with them better or more convenient transportation, they are guilty of many sins, such as air pol