高中虚拟语气讲解.doc

语法讲义-虚拟语气语 法 讲 解 虚拟语气英语中有三种不同的语气：陈述语气，祈使语气和虚拟语气。虚拟语气表示动作或状态与事实相反，或不可能发生的情况。一虚拟语气用于条件状语从句中1. 表示与现在事实相反或不可能发生：条件状语从句：一般过去时（虚拟语气中bewere）主句用：would(should, could, might)+动词原形。If we had time now, we would read it again.If I were you, I would work hard.2. 表示与过去事实相反或不可能发生：条件状语从句：had+过去分词；主句：would(should, could, might)+have+过去分词。If he had taken my advice, he would have succeeded in the test.If I had known your telephone number then, I would have called you.3. 表示与将来的事实可能相反或不可能发生：条件状语从句：一般过去时should +动词原形were to+动词原形；主句：would(should, could, might)+动词原形。If it should rain, the crops would be saved.If it were to snow tomorrow, they would not go out.P.S 虚拟条件句的特殊情况(1). 混合/错综型虚拟语气 当条件状语从句表示的行为和主句表示的行为所发生的时间不一致时，称为错综条件句，动词的形式要根据它所表示的时间作出相应的调整。If you had followed my advice, you would be better now.(从句说的是过去，主句是现在)If I were you, I would have taken his advice.(从句是现在，主句是过去)（2）省略if的虚拟语气如果从句中含有were/ should/ had时，则可以把这三个词置于句首，省略if.采用倒装语序。If it should happen, what would you do? Should it happen, what would you do?If he had recognized me, he would have come over. Had he recognized me, he would have come over.(3) 含蓄虚拟条件句有时候假设的情况不以if引导的条件从句形式表现出来，而是通过一个介词短语，连词或其他形式表示。常用的词或短语有：without, with, but for(要是没有), otherwise, or, but等。Without your help(=If we had not had your help), we could not have succeeded.But for electricity(=If there were no electricity, there would be no modern industry.He felt very tired yesterday, or/ otherwise he would have attended the party.(4) 在if it were( had been )not for .句型中的虚拟语气虚拟语气也常用于if it were/(had been) not for .句型中，意为要不是由于。If it were not for peace, we could not be living a happy life today.If it had not been for your timely help, I would have gone bankrupt.二 虚拟语气用在名词性从句中1.主语从句中的虚拟语气这种虚拟语气主要用在it is+形容词（名词，过去分词）+that+主语+should+动词原形（should可以省略）这种结构中。 常见的这类形容词有：advisable, anxious, better, desirable, surprising, natural, necessary, strange, important, regretful. 常见的这类过去分词有：decided, demanded, recommended, requested, desired, required, ordered, suggested. 常见的这类名词有：duty, pity, no surprise, no wonder, regret, shame.It was suggested that he（should）join the club activities.It is strange (surprising, disappointing) that she (should) not have been invited.It is a pity that he (should) refuse to accept the offer.2. 宾语从句中的虚拟语气 wish 后面所跟宾语从句谓语动词用虚拟语气（意为要是，但愿就好了），其形式主要有三种：表示对现在情况的虚拟：wish后接一般过去时的从句表示对过去情况的虚拟：wish后接过去完成时/should，could have done表示对将来情况的虚拟：wish后接would，could+动词原形I wish it were spring all year round.I wish it would be fine tomorrow.She wished she had stayed at home. 在表示建议，命令，要求等动词后的从句要用(should)+动词原形。此类动词有：suggest, advise, propose, demand, require, insist（要求）, order, prefer, command, ask, request.The teacher ordered that all the books (should) be handed in on time.P.S. 当suggest表示暗示，说明之意；insist表示坚持认为，坚持说之意时，从句不用虚拟，用正常的陈述语气。The man insisted that he had never stolen the money.The smile on his face suggested that he was satisfied with life.3. 表语从句和同位语从句中的虚拟语气在表示建议，命令，要求的名词后的表语从句或同位语从句中的谓语动词要用（should）+动词原形。常见名词有：advice, desire, request, demand, proposal, suggestion, preference, requirement, order.He gave orders that the guests (should) be hospital entertained.His proposal is that we (should) get rid of the bad habits.三虚拟语气在其他情况中的使用1.在as if/ as though引导的状语从句中，若从句与事实相反，则要用虚拟语气。其形式如下：主语+as if/ though +主语+一般过去时（从句的动作与主句同时发生）主语+as if/ though +主语+would/could+动词原形（从句的动作相对主句来说在将来发生）主语+as if/ though +主语+过去完成时（从句的动作先发生于主句动作之前）He talks as if he knew all about it.She speaks English well as if he had studied in America.He learns English so hard as if he would go abroad.2.在it is (high) time that 句型中也用虚拟语气，从句常用过去式，有时也用should +动词原形，表示早该做而没做的事，含建议的意味。It is time that we went home.P.S.此句型中，注意与It/This is the +序数词+time that+现在完成式的区别。This is the first time that I have been here.3.would rather后接动词原形，但接从句时要用虚拟语气（宁愿，但愿）。Would rather +主语+一般过去时（表示与现在或将来相反）Would rather +主语+过去完成时（表示与过去相反）Id rather he didnt go now.Id rather you hadnt done it.4. if only后接从句也用虚拟语气，其形式与wish的用法一致。5. 动词hope, intend, mean, plan, want, think等词用过去完成的形式，表示的意思为本想，本打算，本认为He had meant to buy the furniture last week, but it rained.（他上周本打算去买那件家具，但却下雨了）虚拟语气练习题精选1. The teacher demanded that the exam _ before eleven. A. must finish B. would be finished C. be finished D. must be finished 2. She made the demand that the journalists _ at once _ Iraq. A. leave; for B. leave; to C. left; to D. to be left; for 3. He is talking so much about America as if he _ there. A. had been B. has been C. was D. has gone 4. The young man insisted that he _ nothing wrong and _ free. A. did; set B. had done; should be set C. should do; be set D. had done; must be set 5. I suggested there _ be a kind of language all could understand and use _ . A. can; it B. /; / C. would; it D. may; / 6. The suggestion has been made _ the basketball game _ put off. A. for; to B. that; be C. which; should be D. to; being 7. The order came that the medical supplies _ to Beijing for the Sars soon. A. would be sent B. should send C. be sent D. must be sent 8. It is important that we _ wild animals. A. will protect B. should protect C. shall protect D. are protecting 9. Had you listened to the doctor, you _ all right now. A. are B. were C. would be D. would have been 10. _ any change about the date, please tell me immediately. A. Will there be B. Should there be C. There will be D. There should be 11. _ today, he _would get there by Friday. A. Would he leave B. Was he leaving C. Were he to leave D. If he leave 12. Should it rain, the crops _ . A. would be saved B. would have been saved C. will be saved D. had been saved 13. You _ come earlier. The bus left a moment ago. A. would B. should have C. may D. have 14. He treated me as though/as if _ his own son. A. I am B. I would be C. I was D. I were 15. I _ you some money, but I hadnt any on me then. A. would lend B. would have lent C. could lend D. may have lent 16. A few minutes earlier and we _ the rain. A. have caught B. had caught C. could have caught D. were to catch 17. - “Have you ever been to Beijing?” - “No, but I wish I _” A. have B. will C. do D. had 18. Im glad I went over all my notes; otherwise _ . A. I may have failed B. Id fail C. Id have failed D. Ill have failed 19. - “What will you do during the summer holiday?” - “I dont know, but its high time _ something.”A. Im deciding B. Ill decide C. I decided D. I decide 20. What should we do if it _ tomorrow? A. should snow B. would snow C. snow D. will snow 21.09安徽 But for their help, we _ the program in time.A . can