必修一unit1知识总结.doc

高一英语必修一unit 1 语言点总结 -主讲人：高兴华一 单词1. 心烦意乱的，使心烦_She is really upset about losing the money.The picture of starving children upset her.2. 不理睬，忽视_ 词性拓展： ignorant adj. 无知的，不知的 ignorance n. 无知；愚昧用法：（1）ignore sb./ sth. 忽视某人/某物（2）be ignorant of sthHe _ the doctors advice and goes on smoking.I was _ of the fact that the boss could be so strict.3. 平静的，镇静的_you should keep clam in time of danger.区别：silent 不说话，不出声；quiet 安静的；宁静的；still 不动的；强调“静止状态”；clam 指人“沉着，镇定”；指自然“无风无浪”。（1）The old man stood _ , except that his lips moved slightly.（2）One man shouted at the boy, “ be _, boy ! whats the matter with you?”（3）He is _ about the accident.（4）He remained _ in the face of the cruel enemy.4. 德国（人/语）的，德国人，德语_词性拓展：Germany n. 德国用法拓展：German 的复数形式是Germans, 而英国人、法国人的复数形式是Englishmen和Frenchmen.5. 在户外（adv）_Children usually prefer playing outdoors.相关拓展：outdoor adj.户外的，野外的 indoors adv. 在室内；入室内 indoor adj. 室内的6. 整个的，完全的（adj/adv）_He finished his _homework.I agree with you _.用法拓展：entire 是形容词，意为“整个的，全部的”（=whole）;全然的，完全的（=complete）;(构成一组的东西)全部齐全的，未破坏的；无伤的，entire 通常置于名词前做定语。注意：entirely 用在否定句中，表示部分否定。单句改错：His work was not entire satisfactory. 7. 能力，能量，权利_The police have the power to detain offenders.词性拓展：powerful adj. 强有利的；强大的 powerless adj. 无力量的；软弱的 powerfully adv. 强大地用法拓展：(1)have the power to do 有权利做某事（2）brain power 智力 political power 政权 electric/ water power 电/水力 power station 发电站（3）come into power 掌权（动作）; be in power 掌权（状态）区分：power 能力； 力量； 电力； 权力 strength 力量；力气 energy 精力；能量 Full of _ , he lifted the stone . Full of _, he is always active.Hitler came into _ in Germany in 1933.We have the _ to obtain our shares.8. 目的，意图 _The purpose of the book is to provide a complete guide to the university.用法拓展：(1)on purpose 故意地 (2) for the purpose of doing /with the purpose of doing为了 的目的The naughty boy broke the window _He studies hard _going into university.9. 敢，敢于_用法拓展：（1） dare 作情态动词，一般用在否定句、疑问句和条件状语从句中，后跟不带to 的不定式，有自己的过去式dared, 无人称和数的变化。He dared not go near the dog.If you dare speak to me like that again, youll be sorry.(2) dare 用作实义动词，后跟带to 的不定式，有人称、数及时态的变化。但在否定句和疑问句中可省略to.Do you dare (to) jump off the high wall?She doesnt dare (to) say anything?注意：做题时，应先判断dare 是情态动词还是实义动词。He _ his parents about his failure in the examination.A. dares not tell B. dares not to tellC. dare not to tell D. dare not tellI wondered how he _ that to the teacher.A. dare to say B. dare saying C. not dare say D. dared say 10. 遭受,患病_The factory suffered a great loss in the fire.用法拓展：suffer from 遭受（1）suffer from floods遭受水灾（2）she often suffers from headaches.她经常头痛。He_ terribly all through his illness.A. suffer B. is suffered C. suffered D. suffering 11.积满灰尘的_12.伙伴，合作者_13.手提箱_14.确切地_15.青少年_16.不同意_17不喜欢_ 18.松的 _二 词组1. 合计_用法： （1）add to 增添 （困难，欢乐等）（2）add to 把加到上(3)add up合计，把加起来(4)add up to 总计；加起来结果是 Every failure one meets with _ones experience.(吃一堑长一智)A. adds up to B. adds toC. add up D. add toYoud better _ your scores and see if you have passed the exam.A. add up to B. add to C. add up D. add2. 关心，挂念_用法拓展：(1) be concerned about/for sth.关心挂念(2)be concerned in/with sth. 和某事有牵连(3) concerning关于(prep)(4)as far as be concerned 就 而言(5)show/feel concern for/about 担心/关心(n 关心，关心的事)In recent years, global warming is becoming a concern all over the world.The meeting was concerned _ reforms and everyone present was concerned _ their own interests.A. with; for B. with; with C. for; about; D. about; with3. 经历，经受_go through (1)经历；经受 （2）仔细阅读或研究；仔细查看 （3）完成；用光；通过；穿过You really dont know what we went through while working on this project. 你的确不知道我们搞这个项目吃了多少苦。翻译：这个国家这些年经历了太多的战争。用法拓展：go on 继续；go out 熄灭； go by 过去； go against 违背，反对； go down 下降see through 看穿；看破 get through 通过；完成；接通电话； break through 突破 look through 浏览 through and through 从头至尾地4. 为了_In order to do sth./in order that-clause5. 面对面地_She stood face to face with him. 用法拓展：hand in hand 手拉手 side by side 肩并肩 = shoulder to shoulder肩并肩 heart to heart 心连心地 back to back 背靠背地 arm in arm 臂挽臂6. 爱上某人_(表动作，不与一段时间连用)be in love with sb.与某人相爱（表状态）可与一段时间连用They have been in love with each other for many years.7. 一系列的_There will be a series of football games next month.用法拓展：a series of meeting /exams /textbooks two series of stamps series单复数同型，作主语时谓语动词根据 series 单复数概念决定，不根据of 的名词决定。A series of books _ published.Two series of stamps _ published.8. 对-厌烦_She is tired of the same traditional breakfast every morning.The boy got tired of too many exercises.9. 与-相处，进展_Our English teacher gets along well with our students.How are you getting on with your English lessons?用法拓展：Get on/off, get down 写下，记下；get over 克服；get away from 摆脱，逃离10. 参加_Join / join (sb.) in / take part in / attend join参加某个组织，使其成为其中的一员。一般跟army, the league, the party, club, team ,sb.作宾语；join (sb.) in sth.参加活动；(竞赛，游戏，娱乐等)take part in 参加某个活动，并在其中起积极的作用，一般等于join in; in后要加宾语。attend 出席，但不在其中起作用，后面跟meeting, wedding, funeral, lecture, class school，等作宾语。填空（1）We are glad to _ all the activities.（2）Mike _ Lilys wedding.（3）Will you please _ us _ the discussion?（4）He _ the army three years ago.11. 记下，放下_Why dont you set your ideas down on paper? 用法拓展： set down= put down= take down (1) set about doing sth.开始做某事set out to do 出发，着手干(2) set off 开始；出发；引爆 set sth.off 使 爆炸(3) set up 建立；创办(4) set sb. a good example 为树立好榜样(5) set fire to 放火烧(6) set aside 把 放在一边；存储She _ the vase on the table and went out.A. set out B. set up C. set down D. set on 12. 做某事有麻烦_I am having some trouble with my classmates at the moment.(using language. P6)trouble 在这里是不可数名词。(difficulty)Do you have any trouble with your English study?用法拓展：（1）be in trouble处于困境中（2）get (sb.) into trouble 陷入困境（3）have trouble /difficulty in doing sth.在./ 在做某事方面有困难I have difficulty in speaking English.13. 不得不，必须_He has got to finish his homework today.用法拓展: have to 必须，不得不=have got to(客观) /must 必须（主观）In the class of the computer information, there werent enough computers for every student, so we had to share14. 遛狗_用法拓展：walk 在此处是及物动词“（使）走”。 walk a horse 遛马；walk a bicycle 推着自行车走 walk a patient 扶着病人走While _ the dog , you should take care not to _ .otherwise, it may be dangerous to strangers. A. walking; get loose B. walk; be loose C. walking for; get it loose D. walked; get loosing 15. 碰巧正在做某事_When I was about to look for him, he happened to come in.用法拓展：(1) happen to be doing 碰巧正在做某事（2）happen to have done 碰巧做完了某事（3）It happens that (从句)= 主语+ happen + to do 碰巧.It happened that I met him on my way home, yesterday. ( 改为同义句)16不再_17列-表_18努力做某事_19定居下来_20在黄昏_三 词语辨析：1.be good to / be good for be good to 对好，和善；be good for对有益 （1）晨练对你的健康有好处。Doing morning exercise is good _ your health.（2）他对我一向很好。He ha always been good _ me. （3这有益于她的学习。It is good _ her study.2.discover/ invent discover 发现；看出，发现原来存在而不为人知的东西；invent 发明，发明原来不存在的东西（1）We _ them to be cheats at last.（2）We have _ that he is quite careful in his work.（3）Do you know who _ the machine?3.do with / deal with 都有“处理、与 有关”的意思，（1）do with 与 what 搭配， what 在句中作do 的宾语；（2）deal with 与how 搭配；（1）_ do you do with the old bike?（2）_ do you deal with the old bike?Its said that in Australia there is more land than the government knows _.A. it what to do with B. what to do it with C. what to do with it D. to do what with it4 In order to / so as to in order to 和so as to 后接动词原形，用作目的状语时，二者用法一致，但in order to do语气强烈，可放在句首、句中；而 so as to do 语气较弱，只能放在句中，不能放在句首；它们的否定形式把not 放在to 的前面。注意：in order to 引导目的状语从句时，不定式的逻辑主语同句子主语保持一致。_ get a better score, she has been studying hard all day.A. so has to B. in order to C. so that D. in order that In order to make our city green, _.A.it is necessary to have planted more treesB.many trees need to plantC.our city need more treesD.we must plant more trees5too much / much tootoo much 修饰不可数名词； much too作状语修饰形容词和副词。注意：too much 用法同 much ; much too 的用法同too. too many 修饰可数名词用too much, much too 填空（1）The price of the computers is _ high.（2）The lady spent _ money on new clothes.（3）You shouldnt talk _ in the class.四句型1. I wonderif 从句“我想知道是否”语气较委婉。I wonder if you will help me with my English.I wonder if you like having a walk with me.2. I wonder if its because I havent been able to be outdoors for so long that Ive grown so crazy about everything to do with nature. (reading P2) so that如此以至于（状语从句）用法拓展： （1）so +adj./adv.+ that ; so +adj. a(n) +n.+ that(2) such +adj. +n.(pl.或U+ that ; such +a(n) +adj. +n. +that(3) so /such as 如此(定语从句)翻译句子：他是如此诚实的孩子以至于我们都喜欢他。Mary is _ clever _ she understands everything.A. such a ; that B. such an ; that C. so ; that D. so ; as3. It was the first time in a year and a half that Id seen the night face to face .(reading p2)这是我一年半以来第一次目睹夜晚.句式：it / this / that +is(was) +the first /the second /.time that “某人第一次/二次/次做某事。注意从句的谓语动词常用现在完成时或过去完成时。Is与has /have done 对应；was 与 had done对应。It is the second time that John has held an art exhibition.It was the third time that she had come to this mountain village to see the children.- Do you know our town at all?- No, this is the first time I _ here.A. had come B. am coming C. came D. have come注意区别以下句式：（1）Its (high) time that sb. did /should do sth. (2) Its time for sb. to do sth. 到某人该做某事的时间了。4She found it difficult to settle and calm down in the hiding place.(learning about language p4)句中it 做形式宾语，代替后面的不定式to settle and calm down in the hiding place.用法拓展：当复合宾语中的宾语是不定式、动名词、宾语从句时，往往把宾语放在它的补足语的后面，而it 作形式宾语，放在宾语补足语之前。I found it very interesting to study English.I think it no use arguing with him.He made it clear that he was not interested in this subject.注意：it 用在一些不能带宾语从句的动词后作形式宾语。I hate it that he often takes my bike without asking me.I dont think _ possible to master a foreign language without much memory work.A. this B. that C. its D. it 有一些动词如：hate / like / enjoy / dislike / appreciate 等词的后面， 不能直接跟宾语从句，而要加上形式宾语it.)I like _ when the weather is warm and sunshine.A. it B. that C. this D. oneI will appreciate it if you help me.5. Mum asked her if (whether) she was very hot with so many clothes on. (learning about language p5) “with + 宾语 +宾语补足语（OC）”的结构称为with 的复合结构。这种结构在句中可作定语和状语，表示方式、原因、 条件等。With +O +adj.With +O +adv.With +O + 介词短语With + O +不定式With + O + 分词（过去分词 done 或现在分词 doing ）注意：如果宾补是动词，表示主动和进行的动作，用现在分词doing； 表示主动和将来的动作，用动词不定式to do； 表示被动和完成了的动作，用过去分词done.。Tom always sleeps with his eyes open. （形容词作OC）The boy ran out with nothing on. （副词作OC）Do you know the woman with a child in her arms? （介词短语作OC）With so much work to do, I cant go with you.（不定式作OC）the room with a candle burning is mine. （现在分词作 OC）they came to a shop with its door closed. （过去分词作OC）well certainly win great victory, with the Party _ us.A. lead B. to lead C. to have led D. ledHe wore a shirt with the neck _, _ his bare chest.A. opened; showing B. opening;showed C. open;showing D. open; showed6. Tell him/her that he/she should have studied, so you dont let him/her look at you paper.(P1)用法拓展：“情态动词 + have done”小结（1）must have done 对过去发生事情的肯定推测。“一定“（2）cant /couldnt have done 对过去发生事情的否定推测。“一定没有”（3）should / ought to have done 本应该做某事却没做。（4）shouldnt /oughtnt to +have done 本来不该做却做了。（5）could have done 过去可能做却未做。“本来可以做”（6）might / may have done 过去可能做了某事（可能性小）。“可能已经”（7）neednt have done 过去没有必要做却做了。I met him at the Grand Theater yesterday afternoon, so he _ your lecture.A. cant have attended B. neednt have attendedC. mustnt have attended D. shouldnt have attended-I didnt go to see our former teacher while in Wuhan.-But I think you _.A. should B. should have C. could have D. must7. I can well remember that there was a time when a deep blue sky, the song of the birds, moonlight and flowers could never have kept me spellbound. (reading p2)(1)well= quite, much thoroughly非常，彻底，完全(2)句式一：I can well remember that(宾语从句)句式二：there was a time when（when为关系副词，引导定语从句，修饰前面先行词a time） 曾经有一段时间他很努力地赚钱。8. Not until (P1)直到-才，引导时间状语从句，与非延续性动词连用。He didnt go to bed until his mother came back.用法拓展：(1)本句型中主句谓语动词为瞬间动词，非延续。（2）当not until 放在句首时，主句用倒装语序，从句不倒装。Not until his mother came back did he go t