Physics物理英语词汇.doc

Physics Final Exam absolute zero (C12) Temperature at which gas would have zero volume. (two words) absorption spectrum (C29) Spectrum of energy absorbed by the gaseous atoms of an element when white light is passed through the gas. (two words) acceleration (C03) The rate of change of velocity. (one word) acceleration of gravity (C03) Rate of change of velocity due to gravitational attraction of the earth. (three words) accuracy (LAB) The extent to which a measured value agrees with the accepted value for a quantity. (one word) added (MATH) To multiply measurements expressed in scientific notation, the exponents must be (_) to obtain the correct power of 10 for the product. (one word) adhesion (C14) Attraction between unlike particles; unlike particles sticking together. (one word) alpha particles (C29) Helium nuclei particles consisting of two protons and two neutrons. (two words, plural) ammeter (C23) Electric device used to measure current. (one word) ampere (C23) Unit for the rate of flow of charged particles. Equals a flow of one coulomb of charge per second. (one word) amplitude (C15) Maximum displacement from zero of any periodic phenomenon. (one word) amplitude (C15) The energy content of a mechanical wave is characterized by its (_). (one word) aneroid barometer (C13) Device using a partially evacuated box to measure atmospheric pressure. (two words) angle of incidence (C15) Angle between a light ray and a line perpendicular to the surface that the ray is striking. (three words) angle of refraction (C18) Angle between a refracted ray and a line perpendicular to the surface that the ray is leaving. (three words) antinodal line (C15) Line connecting points at which two waves interfere constructively at their maximum amplitudes. (two words) antinode (C16) In a standing wave, the locations of maximum and minimum air pressures is called a(n) (_). (one word) antiparticle (C30) A particle having the same mass and spin as its normal counterpart but with an opposite charge and magnetic moment. When this particle and its normal counterpart collide, both are annihilated and energy is released. (one word) Archimedes principle (C14) The principle that an object immersed in a fluid is buoyed up by a force equal to the weight of the fluid displaced by the object. (two words, possessive) areas (C08) An imaginary line between a planet and the sun sweeps out equal (_) in equal periods of time. (one word, plural) armature (C25) Coil of wire that produces current in a generator and rotation in an electric motor. (one word) atomic number (C29) Number of protons in the nucleus of an atom. (two words) back-EMF (C00) Potential difference created by the motion of the armature in an operating motor. (two words, hyphenated) barometer (C00) Device for measuring the pressure of the atmosphere. (one word) base level (C11) A (_) is an arbitrarily defined reference position for potential engery. It depends on the situation defined. (two words) beat (C16) Oscillation in amplitude of complex wave. (one word) beat (C16) Two waves of slightly different frequencies produce a(n) (_). (one word) Bernoullis principle (C00) he pressure exerted by a fluid decreases as its velocity increases. (two words, possessive) beta particles (C00) High-speed electron particles emitted by a radioactive nucleus. (two words, plural) bimetallic strip (C00) Two dissimilar metals welded together so that thermal expansion causes the strip to bend. (two words) binding energy (C00) Energy equivalent of the mass defect representing the amount of energy required to separate the nucleus into individual nucleons. (two words) black hole (C00) Collapsed astronomical object of sufficient mass to prevent the escape of light. (two words) Boyles law (C00) Law stating that the volume of a fixed mass of gas at a constant temperature varies inversely with the pressure. (two words, possessive) Brahe (C08) Was best known as an accurate observer of the heavens. (one word) branches (C24) Total current in a parallel circuit is the sum of the currents in the separate (_). (one word, plural) breeder reactor (C00) A nuclear reactor that converts nonfissionable material to fissionable material with the production of energy. (two words) candela (C00) Unit of luminous intensity. (one word) capacitors (C22) (_) are used in electric circuits to store charge. (one word, plural) capillary action (C00) An action: rise of a liquid in a narrow tube due to surface tension. (two words) Cavendish (C08) Determined the numerical value for the universal gravitational constant. (one word) Celsius (C00) Scale with 0 degrees equal to the freezing point of air-saturated water and 100 degrees equal to the boiling point of water at standard atmospheric pressure. (one word) center (C07) The acceleration is always directed toward the (_) for an object moving in uniform circular motion. (one word) center of curvature (C00) Center of the sphere from which a spherical mirror is taken. (three words) centripetal acceleration (C07) Acceleration always at right angles to the velocity of a particle. (two words) centripetal force (C07) Force directed toward the center of a circle, keeps particles moving in uniform circular motion. (two words) Charles law (C00) A law stating that the volume of a fixed mass of gas at constant pressure varies directly with the absolute temperature. (two words) chromatic aberration (C19) Failure of a lens to bring all wavelengths of light to focus at the same point. (two words) circuit breaker (C24) A(n) (_) is an automatic switch that cuts off the current if the circuit is overloaded. (two words) coherent light (C00) Light in which all waves leaving the source are in phase. (two words) cohesive force (C00) Force of attraction between like particles. (two words) complimentary colors (C00) Primary and secondary colors that when added produce white light. (two words) components of a vector (C06) Two or more vectors (usually perpendicular) that when added together, produce the original vector. (four words) Compton effect (C00) Interaction of X rays and electrons as the X rays traverse matter resulting in a lengthening of the X-ray wavelength. (two words) concave (C19) In order to from a virtual image with a(n) (_) mirror, the object must be placed between F and the mirror. (one word) concurrent forces (C06) Forces acting on the same point. (two words) condensation (C00) Change of a gas to a liquid. (one word) conduction (C21) The process of charging a neutral body by touching it with a charged body is called charging by (_). (one word) conductor (C21) Material through which charged particles move readily. (one word) Conservation of Charge (C00) Law stating that electric charge can be neither created nor destroyed. (three words) Conservation of Energy (C00) Law stating that in non-nuclear changes, energy can be neither created nor destroyed. (three words) Conservation of Mass-Energy (C00) Law stating that the sum of matter and energy in the universe is a constant. (four words, hyphenated) Conservation of Momentum (C00) Law stating that in a system free of external forces, the total momentum is always the same. (three words) consonance (C00) Complex sound wave perceived as chord. (one word) constructive interference (C20) Any point selected along a line of (_) is always a whole number of wavelengths farther from one slit than the other. (two words) constructively (C20) In Youngs experiment, waves interfere (_) at points where crests overlap. (one word) control rods (C00) Devices (rods) in a nuclear reactor used to regulate the rate of the nuclear reaction. (two words, plural) convection current (C00) Current caused by motion of a body of fluid due to differences in density resulting from thermal expansion. (two words) converging lens (C19) Lens, thick in the middle and thin at the edge, that causes parallel rays to converge. (two words) converging mirror (C19) Concave mirror capable of causing parallel rays to converge. (two words) cosine (MATH) A trigonometric function in which the angle in a right triangle equals the adjacent side divided by the hypotenuse. (one word) coulomb (C21) Unit of quantity of electric charge equal to the charge found on 6.25 x 1018 electrons. (one word) Coulombs law (C00) Law in which F = Kq1q2/d2, where K is a constant, q1 and q2 are the charges on the two objects, and d is the distance between the charges. (two words, possessive) critical angle (C18) Minimum angle of incidence that produces total internal reflection. (two words) de Broglie principle (C00) The principle that material particles have wavelike characteristics; wavelength varies inversely with momentum. (two words) deceleration (C04) Negative acceleration. (one word) decibels (C16) The loudness of a sound is measured in (_). (one word, plural) decrease (C02) When one quantity varies inversely with another, the second quantity will (_) as the first increases. (one word) dependent (LAB) During an experiment the values of one variable are carefully changed while the corresponding values of the (_) variable are then measured. (one word) derived unit (MATH) A combination of two or more fundamental units of measure, such as speed and volume. (two words) Destructive interference (C20) (_) occurs at the point where a crest meets a trough. (two words) deuteron (C00) Nucleus of the hydrogen isotope deuterium, consisting of one proton and one neutron. (one word) difference (MATH) The result of a subtraction operation. (one word) diffracted (C20) When light falls on two narrow slits that are close together, it is (_) as it passes through the slits. (past tense) diffraction (C20) Bending of light waves around an object in its path. (one word) diffuse reflection (C18) Reflected light scattered in many directions. (two words) dimensional quantities (C00) Physical measurements expressed in defined units. (two words, plural) dipole (C00) Type of antenna used for the detection and broadcast of radio and television waves. (one word) direct (C02) A variation that is graphed in a straight line passing through the origin. (one word) direct variation (C00) Increase (or decrease) in one variable causes a proportional increase (or decrease) in another variable. (two words) dispersion (C00) Refraction of light into a spectrum of the wavelengths composing the light. (one word) displacement (C03) Vector quantity representing the change in position of an object. (one word) dissonance (C00) Complex sound wave perceived as unpleasant. (one word) distance (C03) Scalar quantity equal to the sum of the magnitude of the displacements. (one word) diverging lens (C00) Lens thin in the middle and thick at the edge, that causes parallel rays to diverge. (two words) diverging mirror (C00) Convex mirror capable of causing parallel light rays to diverge. (two words) domain (C00) Region of a metal in which magnetic fields in atoms are aligned in a common direction. (one word) Doppler shift (C16) Decrease (or increase) in wavelength as the source and detector of waves move toward (or away from) each other. (two words) dynamics (C05) Study of the motion of particles acted upon by forces. (one word) echo (C00) Rebound of a pulse from an impenetrable surface. (one word) effective resistance (C00) Resistance of a single resistor that could replace a combination of resistors. (two words) efficiency (C10) The (_) of a machine is the ratio of output work to input work. (one word) Einstein (C08) First proposed the concept of gravity as a peculiarity of space itself. (one word) elastic collision (C00) Collision in which the total kinetic energy of two objects is the same after the collision as before. (two words) elasticity (C00) Ability of object to return to its original form after removal of deforming forces. (one word) electric (C23) Electron pumps convert various forms of energy to (_) energy. (one word) electric circuit (C00) Continuous path that can be followed by charged particles. (two words) electric current (C00) Flow of charged particles. (two words) electric field (C00) The property of space around a charged object that causes forces on other charged objects. (two words) electric field intensity (C00) Ratio of the force exerted by an electric field on a charged particle and the charge on the particle. (three words) electric field lines (C00) Lines representing the direction of the electric field. (three words, plural) electric field lines (C22) Drawn to show the path that would be followed by a positive test charge placed in an electric field. (three words, plural) electric force (C00) Force between two objects due to their charges. (two words) electromagnet (C00) Device in which a magnetic field is generated by an electric current. (one word) electromagnetic (C15) (_) waves need no medium for travel. (one word) electromagnetic force (C00) One of the fundamental forces. The force that exists between electric charges. (two words) electromagnetic induction (C00) Generation of an electric current by having a wire cut (or cut by) magnetic flux lines. (two words) electromagnetic wave (C00) Wave consisting of electric and magnetic fields that move at the speed of light in space. (two words) electromagnetism (C00) Interrelationship of magnetic fields and electric currents. (one word) electromotive force (C00) Potential difference generated by electromagnetic induction. (two words) electron (C22) Subatomic particle of small mass and negative charge; an object can only have a charge that is an integral multiple of the negative charge on the (_). (one word) electron cloud (C00) Region of high probability of finding an electron. (two words) electron collision excitation (C00) Collision between an electron and an atom resulting in an excited atom. (three words) electron gas (C00) Free electrons present in a metallic conductor. (two words) electrons (C21) All electric phenomena are due to the movements of (_). (one word, plural) electrons (C23) Electric currents transfer (_) from one place to another. (one word, plural) electroscope (C21) Device used to detect the presence of static electric charges. (one word) elementary (C21) The (_) unit of charge is the quantity of charge on an electron or proton. (one word) ellipses (C08) The paths of the planets around the sun are (_). (one word, plural) emission spectrum (C00) Spectrum produced by the excited atoms of an element. (two words) energy (C11) Capacity to do work. (one word) enrichment (C00) Process in which the number of fissionable nuclei is increased. (one word) entropy (C00) Measure of disorder of a system. (one word) equal (C05) Every force is accompanied by a(n) (_) but opposite force. (one word) equilibrant (C06) Force equal in magnitude to a resultant, but opposite in direction;a single force that can place two or more other forces acting on a single point in equilibrium. (one word) equilibrium (C06) Condition in which the net force on an object is zero. (one word) equivalence principle (C00) Gravitational and inertial masses are equal. (two words) evaporation (C00) Change from liquid to gas. (one word) excited atom (C00) Atom with one or more electrons in a higher than normal energy level. (two words) expression (MATH) Made of numbers, variables and operators. (one word) external force (C05) Unless acted upon by a(n)(_), an object at rest or in a state of uniform motion will remain at rest or in uniform motion. (two words) extrapolation (C04) Extending a graph beyond measured points. (one word) eyepiece (C00) Magnifying lens of a telescope or microscope. (one word) fast neutron (C00) Neutron with a kinetic energy greater than thermal energy. (two words) fiber optics (C00) Light transmitting glass or plastic fibers that make use of the principle of total internal reflection to transmit light along irregular paths. (two words) field (C22) The electric (_) concept is used to describe the behavior of one charged object when near another charge object. (one word) first law of thermodynamics (C00) Law of thermodynamics stating the conservation of energy. (four words) fluid (C00) A material that flows, e.g., liquids and gases. (one word) fluorescence (C00) Phenomenon in which atoms emit light when excited by an outside source. The light emission ceases as soon as the exciting source is removed. (one word) focal length (C19) Distance from the focal point to the vertex of a mirror or lens. (two words) focal point (C19) Point of convergence, real or apparent (virtual), of rays reflected by a mirror or refracted by a lens. (two words) force (C05) Action that results in accelerating or deforming an object. (one word) force (C05) Causes a change in the state of motion of an object. (one word) frame of reference (C00) Coordinate system used to describe motion. (three words) Fraunhofer lines (C00) Absorption lines in the suns spectrum due to gases in the solar atmosphere. (two words, plural) frequency (C15) Number of occurrences in a unit of time. (one word) friction (C05) Force opposing motion between two objects that are in contact. (one word) fundamental (C16) Lowest frequency sound produced by an instrument. (one word) fundamental units (C00) Units of measurement defined in terms of a physical standard, not in terms of other units. (two words, plural) fuse (C24) A(