广西贺州市高考英语二轮复习 社会文化阅读理解精练（5）.doc

社会文化阅读理解精练（5）社会文化（阅读理解）cities alarmed by deaths and injuries of pedestrians are taking efforts to make crosswalks safer for people on foot,especially seniors and children who need more time to cross streets.a pedestrian is killed in a traffic accident in the usa every 110 minutes;one is injured every nine minutes,according to official date.crosswalks can be especially dangerous for the elderly.among people 70 and older,36% of pedestrian deaths in 2006 occurred in crosswalks,compared with 21% of those younger than 70,according to the insurance institute for highway safety.the federal highway administration(fhwa) advises that next year states increase by nearly 15% the amount of time traffic lights provide for pedestrians to cross the street after the flashing orange hand appears.fhwa spokesman doug hecox says reasons for the change include an aging population that needs more time to cross,health-conscious americans walking more,children encouraged to walk to prevent getting overweight and high gas prices pushing people to walk instead of drive.pedestrian deaths went down by 12% from 5,449 in 1996 to 4,784 in 2006.but among those in 2006,471 were killed in crosswalks,down slightly from 488 ten years earlier,the national highway traffic safety administration(nhtsa)says.1.which of the following is true according to the text?()a.among 100 pedestrian deaths there were 21 people younger than 70.b.old people are more likely to meet with accidents in crosswalks.c.traffic accidents killed more old people than young people.d.about seven traffic accidents happened per hour.2.what is fhwas suggestion to states?()a.fixing more traffic lights.b.providing more crosswalks.c.giving pedestrians more time to cross streets.d.increasing the time before the orange lights appear.3.whats the cause of the crosswalk safety problem according to the text?()a.therere many cars and buses on the road.b.pedestrians are careless.c.crosswalks are crowded.d.drivers dont give way.4.the report from nhtsa suggests that .a.fewer people were injured in crosswalksb.crosswalk safety has been greatly improvedc.much has been done to reduce traffic accidentsd.pedestrian deaths in crosswalks remain a serious problem语篇解读:横过马路时,行人的意外死亡率居高不下。很多城市正在努力采取措施保证行人过马路的安全,尤其是老人和孩子。答案及剖析:1.b事实细节题。第二段第二、三句告诉我们:老年人在十字路口遭遇交通事故的可能性最大。2.c事实细节题。第三段告诉我们fhwa建议给行人更多的时间通过路口。3.c推理判断题。第四段指出:老年人需要更多的时间通过马路,有健康意识的人喜爱步行,儿童被鼓励步行以防止发胖,油价较高也让人们更倾向于步行而不是驾车。由此可知十字路口的安全问题是过度拥挤。4.d推理判断题。最后一段nhtsa称:2006年行人死亡人数4784,比1996年(5449)降低了12%,但这一数字依旧很高,注意句中用的是down slightly“稍微有点下降”,所以十字路口的安全问题依然严峻。【长难句子分析】the federal highway administration(fhwa)主语 advises谓语 that next宾语从句 year states increase by nearly 15%the amount of time宾语从句 traffic lights provide for pedestrians to crossthe street宾语从句 afterthe flashing orange hand appears.时间状语从句联邦公路管理局(fhwa)表示,明年的情况是:在交通灯出现红色闪烁的信号后,增加近15%的时间让行人过街。【阅读理解】 below is a selection about some guinness(吉尼斯) world records.top 6 unusual guinness world recordsfastest 100 m running on all foursthe 2008 guinness world records day was, according to gwr，their biggest day of recordbreaking ever, with more than 290,000 people taking part in record attempts in 15 different countries. kenichi itos record attempt was part of this special day. he is just another example of japanese with “super powers”. his “super power” is to run with great speed on all fours. kenichi ito ran 100 m on all fours in 18.58 seconds. the japanese set this record at setagaya kuritsu sogo undojyo, tokyo, in 2008.most people inside a soap bubblelongest ears on a dogmost living generationsdid you ever wonder what is the guinness world record for most living generations in one family? seven is the answer.the ultimate authority on recordbreaking mentions on the website that the youngest greatgreatgreatgreat grandparent of this family was augusta bung “aged 109 years 97 days, followed by her daughter aged 89, her granddaughter aged 70, her great granddaughter aged 52, her greatgreat granddaughter aged 33 and her greatgreatgreat granddaughter aged 15 on the birth of her greatgreatgreatgreat grandson on january 21, 1989”most tshirts worn at onceheaviest pumpkin1why is kenichi ito described as a man with a “super power”？ahe set a good example to all japanese.bhe made record attempts in 15 different countries.che set a new record for “fastest 100 m running on all fours”dhe participated in the 2008 guinness world records day activities.2jeffries is the name of _.athe owner of the dog with the longest earsbthe grandfather of the dog with the longest earscthe present holder of the record for “longest ears on a dog”dthe former holder of the record for “longest ears on a dog”3how many tshirts had krunoslav budiseli put on before he felt it difficult to go on?a68. b120. c238. d245.4according to the given information, which guinness world record was most recently set?athe record for “most people inside a soap bubble”bthe record for “most living generations”cthe record for “most tshirts worn at once”dthe record for “heaviest pumpkin”【要点综述】本文是一篇应用文，主要向读者介绍6个不同寻常的吉尼斯世界纪录的情况。1. c细节理解题。从第一则纪录中提到的he is just anothersuper powerskenichi ito ran 100 m on all fours知，kenichi ito创造了最新的最快的100米“四肢爬”纪录，所以选c项。2. d细节理解题。从文章第三则纪录中mr. jeffries is the previous record holder of this title可以知道，mr. jeffries是前纪录保持者，所以选d项。3. b细节理解题。从第五则纪录中the tshirts weighed 68 kg and budiseli said he began struggling around tshirt no. 120可以知道budiseli在穿了120件t恤后感觉有点困难再穿上t恤了，所以选b项。4. a推理判断题。从文章的纪录中可以知道，a项是2011年4月4日创造的；b项是1989年1月21日创造的；c项是2010年5月22日创造的；d项是2010年10月9日创造的，由此知a项是最近时间创造的，所以选a项。阅读理解。hilton english language centerinformation for new studentsclass time：8:30a.m.10:00a.m.，10:30a.m.12:00a.m.，1:30p.m.3:00p.m.language center is open monday to friday. each class has one afternoon free per week. on the first day, go to the lecture hall to check your timetable.selfaccess：the language laboratory（room 1110）is open monday to friday from 3:15p.m. to 5:00p.m. for all full-time students.you can learn how to use computers for language games or word-processing（文字处理）. there are tapes for students to borrow to practice their english. go in and ask the teacher to show you. if you plan to take public examinations, there are dictation and listening comprehension tapes for you to practice with. there are cloze exercises on the computers. ask your class teacher for a list of past exam essays. students can borrow tapes to take home but they must be returned after two days.attendance（出勤）: all students are expected to attend classes as it is required. students who do not attend classes will be reported to oss. eighty percent attendance is required for students to receive their certificates（证书）when they finish their courses. it is also required by oss for an extension to your visa.books: if students are given course books, the books are their responsibility. if a book is lost, the student will be expected to pay for it.if students wish to buy books, there is a bookshop in the college specializing in english books（room 3520）.1. when do classes begin and end on a full day?a8:30a.m.1:30p.m. b8:30a.m.3:00p.m.c8:30a.m.3:15p.m. d3:15p.m.5:00p.m.2. which of the following statements is true?ano teachers are in the language lab. b90% attendance is required for the students.cbooks cant be taken out of the center.dstudents can prepare for exams by listening to tapes.3. timetable can be seen in _ .athe lecture hall broom 3520 cthe classroomdroom 11104. if a student loses a book, he is expected to _it .aborrow bbe punished cpay for dreturn5. the books which the students wish to buy are in the _ .alibrary bbookshop in the college cstreet dclassroom 【参考答案】15 、bdacb阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（a、b、c和d）中，选出最佳选项。will nanfang university of science and technology in shenzhen announce a new beginning for chinas higher education reform? its too early to answer.but its presence is challenging the ministry of education.even without the approval of the ministry it seems that the school is determined to move forward and enroll 50 students, so-called child prodigies(奇才), to begin classes on march l, 2011.on graduating in 2015, these students will receive a diploma unauthorized by the ministry of education-unlike the students of their age from the state-run universities.the school is committed to modeling itself on hong kong university of science and technology, but if the government will not approve the school, the situation could cause a lot of trouble for those 50 students if they want to do graduate studies at other higher learning institutions.other schools could turn their applications down for their unauthorized diplomas.the difficulties, however, have not frightened students and their parents away.on dec.18, 2010 more than 1,000 students and their parents visited nanfang university of science and technology for interviews.private investment marks the school out from other higher learning institutions in the nation.not a penny comes from the government. so the government will have no voice in how the school will be run.the ministry of education has published a comprehensive plan for education reform and development between 2011 and 2020.the goal is to make chinas higher education internationally competitive.to accomplish this goal, the government should have the courage to let the educators who have big ideas try them out.the ministry should have applauded the independence the school in shenzhen has shown and encouraged more to do likewise.education reform in china has reached a new and crucial stage.nanfang university of science and technology has a long way to go to prove itself competitive rather