煤矿开采薄煤层现代化实现生产均衡发展.doc

/煤矿开采薄煤层现代化实现生产均衡发展/煤矿开采薄煤层现代化实现生产均衡发展我国煤炭赋存呈多样化，其中薄与极薄煤层资源丰富，并且分布广泛。近年来，随着综采、综放技术的成功推广，开采强度的不断加大，部分矿井厚及中厚煤层的储量日趋减少，薄及较薄煤层已成为主采煤层。为保证矿井生产能力的均衡，延长矿井的服务年限、提高资源采出率，薄煤层高效开采问题已成为当前煤炭工业发展急需解决的关键问题。为了降低劳动强度，提高机械化应用水平，从设计方面来说，要求薄及较薄中厚煤层尽量采用机械化开采。从我国薄及较薄中厚煤层长壁开采的现状来看，可以采用滚筒采煤机综合机械化开采、刨煤机综合机械化开采和螺旋钻无人机械化开采等，来实现机械化开采。 Chinas coal occurrence are diversified, which enrich the thin and very thin coal resources, and a broad distribution. In recent years, with the successful promotion of mechanized mining, mechanized caving technology, mining strength increase, part of the mine thick and medium thick seam reserves dwindling, thinner and thinner seam has become the main mining coal seam. In order to ensure the balanced production capacity of the mine, prolong service time of the coal mine, improve resource recovery rate, thin seam mining has become a key problem to solve in the development of coal industry. In order to reduce labor intensity, improve the mechanization level of application, from the design aspect, thin and medium thick coal as far as possible the use of mechanized mining. From the situation of our countrys thin and medium thick seam longwall mining point of view, can adopt the shearer comprehensive mechanized mining, coal plough comprehensive mechanized mining and auger unmanned mechanized mining, mechanized mining.滚筒采煤机综合机械化开采工作面，配备滚筒采煤机、刮板输送机和液压支架支护。滚筒采煤机是传统的采煤设备，具有适应性强、效率高等特点，已成为中厚以上煤层高产高效的必选之路。 Comprehensive mechanical drum shearer mining working face, equipped with Shearer, scraper conveyor and hydraulic support. Drum shearer is the traditional coal mining equipment, has the characteristics of strong adaptability, high efficiency, high yield and high efficiency in has become the only way above the coal seam thickness.回采效率受职工人为影响较大，尤其是煤层偏薄的状况。采用滚筒采煤机综合机械化开采时，煤机司机和液压支架操作工要在工作面中间往返行走，以保证工作面的“三平两直”。在煤层偏薄时，人员在工作面中行走受到了一定的限制，会降低割煤速度，影响工作面的产量。 Recovery efficiency is affected by the office workers for a greater impact, especially coal partial thin condition. The shearer comprehensive mechanization mining coal machine, the driver and the hydraulic support operators from walking in the face in the middle, in order to ensure the three two straight . In the coal seam is thin, people walking in the working face is subject to certain restrictions, will reduce the coal cutting speed, the yield effect.从以上分析来看，滚筒采煤机综合机械化开采通常用在煤层厚度较大的情况下，而且只有在煤层厚度较大的情况下，才能充分发挥滚筒采煤机的优势，得到较好的效益。 From the above analysis, the drum shearer comprehensive mechanized mining is usually used in coal seam thickness is large, and only in the coal seam thickness is larger, in order to give full play to the advantage of shearer, better benefits.刨煤机是一种浅截式采煤机械，系统设备由滑行刨煤机、刮板输送机、液压推进装置和电控设备四部分组成。其工作原理为：刨煤机采用刨削式的工作方法，刨头通过刨链沿运输机往复牵引落煤，同时利用煤刨的犁形斜面把煤装入运输机，运输机与刨煤机形成一个整体，利用支架推移千斤顶。液压支架一般配备电液控制装置和电液阀，实现落煤、装煤、运煤、移架等各工序的综合机械化。工作面配备刨煤机、刮板输送机和液压支架等主要机械设备。刨煤机工艺的技术特点是高智能性、关联性强、工艺先进、自动化程度高。具有工作面作业人员少、回采效率高、吨煤成本低、安全经济、高产高效的优点。 Plough is a shallow cut coal mining machinery equipment, system by sliding plough, scraper conveyor, hydraulic propulsion device and electric control equipment is composed of four parts. Its working principle is: plough with gouging work method, the plough head through the plow chain along the conveyor reciprocating traction coal, using coal planer plough shape inclined coal loading conveyor, conveyor and coal plough to form a whole, by supporting jack. Hydraulic support is generally equipped with electro-hydraulic control device and the electro-hydraulic valve, to achieve coal, coal, coal, shift each process frame of the comprehensive mechanization. The working face with coal plough, scraper conveyor, hydraulic support and other major mechanical equipment. Technical characteristics of coal plough technology is highly intelligent, strong relevance, advanced technology, high degree of automation. Has the advantages of working face operation personnel little, high efficiency, low cost, safety and economy of tons of coal, high yield and high efficiency.我国目前国产刨煤机应用还不是很成熟，主要设备基本靠进口，造成初期投资较大，技术要求较高。但是，从国外引进的刨煤机使用情况来看，均实现了较好的经济效益。 Chinas current domestic coal machine application is not very mature, the main equipment Basic rely on imports, resulting in large initial investment, high technical requirements. However, coal machine introduced from abroad the use, to achieve better economic benefit.螺旋钻无人采煤是一种比较好的无人机械化薄煤层开采方法。将螺旋钻采煤机布置在顺槽中，利用螺旋钻杆钻入煤层采煤，并通过螺旋钻杆将采落的煤装运出工作面，实现采煤及装运煤工序。螺旋钻机无人采煤是一种非连续性采煤，顶板管理类似于柱式采煤法，有利于顶板的管理。加上作业人员均位于工作面顺槽内，极大地改善了工人的劳动条件和劳动环境，杜绝了顶板事故，是一种矿井安全程度极高的采煤方法。 Spiral drill unmanned coal mining is a kind of better unmanned mechanized thin seam mining method. The coal auger is arranged in the groove, the spiral drill in coal mining, and through the spiral drill pipe will be falling out of coal working face, mining and shipping coal process implementation. Spiral drill unmanned coal mining is a kind of non continuous mining, roof control similar to the pillar mining method, is conducive to the management of roof. Workers and are located in the working surface along the groove, improved working conditions and working environment, eliminate the accident of roof coal mining method, is a high degree of mine safety.采用机械化开采薄及较薄中厚煤层，提高了工作面单产，提高了工作面安全性能，更重要的是提高了资源回收率。薄及中厚煤层机械化开采，在我国已经得到了相当广泛的应用。Use of mechanized mining of thin and medium thick coal, improve the working face per unit area yield, improve work safety performance, more important is to improve the recovery rate of resources. The thin and medium thick coal seam mechanized mining, in our country has been used widely.地质构造简单中等、煤层