短文改错试题的应试策略.doc

短文改错试题的应试策略命题趋向与应试策略 一、短文改错试题的命题趋向和试题特点第一、短文改错试题的赋分比例有所下降 第二、短文改错试题的难度保持平稳第三、短文改错增加了语境及逻辑错误。 第四、短文改错所考查的词类涉及广泛，分布合理。短文改错的命题通常从以下几方面考虑：（1）考查英语的曲折附加成分（以表现英语学科显著的特点）。（2）学生受本族语影响容易犯的错误。（3）估计考生可能出现的错误。二、短文改错试题的应试策略 第一、短文改错的一般方法在做短文改错题时，考生应从下列四个方面入手：1.短文改错题的目的是考查考生识别错误的能力，其本质是考查考生是否正确、熟练地掌握语言基本规则。2.要注意篇章上的错误。3.缺词漏掉的往往是冠词、介词、连词、动词不定式符号等虚词。4.通读全文，把握文章大意，注意第一句话的内容。 第二、短文改错的技巧 1.名词的错误规律和改正方法（1）根据句意确定单复数例：(NMET2000,87)She said she and my schoolmate all wished me success.（2）根据名词前的修饰语确定单复数例：(北京,80)No one worries much about the radio program young people listen to, although radios can be very noise.（3）根据主谓一致确定单复数例：(NMET 1994，82)There are branch library in many villages. 2.冠词的错误规律和改正方法冠词的用法错误一般从以下几个方面进行判断：（1）根据冠词的基本用法确定冠词的错误例：(NMET2002,76)As everyone knows, its famous mountain with all kinds of plants and animals.（2）根据名词前后的修饰部分确定冠词的错误例：(NMET 1998,94)Each player must obey captain，who is the leader of the team.（3）根据惯用法确定冠词的错误例：(NMET2001,82)We may be one family and live under a same roof. 3.连词的错误规律和改正方法（1)根据句型结构确定错误例：(1994,85) In some places you may borrow as many books as you want，in other places where you are limited to a certain number.（2）根据句意确定错误例2：(NMET2001,84)It looks as if my parents treat me as a visitor and a guest.（3）根据句子的逻辑关系确定错误例3：(NMET 2002,84)The food was expensive and the service was good. 4.定语从句的错误规律和改正方法（1）根据定语从句中的先行词确定错误例：(MET 1993,92)However, there are still some countries there people have shorter lives.（2）根据定语从句的谓语动词确定错误例2： (北京春季,78)For example, when he bought a chocolate cake, he put it in a secret place where I couldnt find.（3）根据定语从句中关系代词或关系副词所充当的成分确定错误例3：(NMET 1997,89)I live in Beijing, where is the capital of China.（4）根据关系代词前有无介词确定错误例4：(NMET 1994,86)In some places you may borrow as many books as you want, in other places you are limited to a certain number, of that some may be novels. 5.形容词和副词的错误规律和改正方法（1）根据形容词或副词的基本用法确定错误这类错误主要为形容词与副词混用错误，解题时应把握形容词与副词的用法区别开来：修饰联系动词或名词用形容词；修饰行为动词、形容词、过去分词及整个句子用副词。例1：(NMET 1995,96)Im sure well have a wonderfully time together.例2：(NMET 1999,103) Unfortunate, there are too many people in my fami1y.（2）根据形容词或副词的比较级的用法确定错误例3：(MET 1993,88)As a result, people in the modern world generally live much more longer than people in the past.（3）根据句意确定错误例4：(NMET 1997,88)First, let me tell you something more about myself.（4）根据习惯用法确定错误例5：(NMET 1999,100)Now I cant watch much television but a few years ago I used to watch it every night. 6.代词的错误规律和改正方法解题时考生应细心分析每个动作的执行者，从而准确确定人称代词。（1）根据主语确定错误例1：(NMET 1996,90)The Smiths did his best to make me feel at home.例2：(NMET 1998,95)And they must not break the rules too often if we want to win the game.（2)根据句意确定错误例3：(NMET2000,86)The day before the speech contest (比赛)English teacher talked to me.（3）根据代词的基本用法确定错误例4：(NMET 1995,90)And I cant forget the good food you cooked for I.7.动词时态的错误规律和改正方法解题时考生应借助于特定语境、特定时间状语或特定时态的提示，正确调整时态。(1)根据时态环境确定动词时态例1：(NMET 1999,92)I am happy with any programme but the others spent a lot of time arguing.例2：(NMET2001,79)They did not want me to do any work at home；they want me to devote all my time to my studies.例3：(NMET2002,82)The time passes quickly.(2)根据时间状语确定时态例4：(MET 1992,91)Last Sunday, police cars hurry to the tallest building in New York.例5：(NMET 1993,82)Today it is much easier to be healthy than it is in the past.(3)根据句意及逻辑关系确定时态例6：(NMET 1997,86)Hello. I learn about you from my English teacher，Miss Fang.例7：(NMET 1997,92)I use to play Ping-Pong a lot in my spare time，but now I am interested in football.(4)根据连词的对称性原则确定时态例8：Playing football not only makes us grow up tall and strong but also give us a sense of fair play and team spirit.例9：(NMET2000,93)I remembered her words and calm down.8.语态的错误规律和改正方法考生应根据句意分析主语和动作的“执行”与“承受”关系，从而使用正确的语态。语态的错误主要是该用被动语态时却用了主动语态：例1：(NMET 1992,93)Charles and Linda were seeing near the top of the building.例2：(NMET 1994,95)The librarian will write to you，and 1et you know when the book you want has returned.9.主谓语一致错误规律和改正方法解题时考生应认真分析主语的单复数，正确地使用动词：例1：(NMET 1994,83)Anyone may borrow books，and it cost nothing to borrow them.例2：(NMET2000,94)Now my picture and the prize is hanging in the 1ibrary.10.缺少动词的错误规律和改正方法 动词缺少的现象一般出现在形容词或名词的前面，缺少的常常是系动词be。考生要注意这种现象，正确改正错误。例1：(NMET 1997,87)I would like to your pen friend.例2：(NMET 1997,94)What your favorite sport? 11.非谓语动词的错误规律和改正方法(1）根据动词的基本用法确定错误：例1：(NMET 1994,94)The 1ibrarian will write to you，and 1et you to know when the book you want has been returned.当两个动词相连时，要特别注意检查后一个动词是否正确：例2：(NMET 1995,83)I had always wanted return to the village after moving away.(2）根据非谓语动词在句子中的成分确定错误例3：(NMET2001,78)They will do all they can make sure that I get a good education.当动词出现在句首时，要认真分析这个句子是否是祈使句，如果不是，这个动词就可能用法错误：例4：(NMET 1998,89)Play football makes us grow up tall and strong.例5：(NMET 1999,88)I was often a little tired after a days work and watch TV demands very little effort.注意介词后面的动词，介词后一般接动名词作宾语：例6：(NMET 1995,81)I want to thank you again for have me in your home for the summer holidays.(3)根据连词的平行关系确定错误例7：(NMET 2000北京春季,91)Ill spend all the whole weekend reading and prepare for it. 12.介词错误规律和改正方法(1）根据介词的基本用法确定错误例1：(NMET 1999,90)There are too many people among my fami1y.(2）根据与副词的搭配确定错误例2：(NMET 1998,92)We must keep in mind that we play for the team instead ourselves.(3）根据动词的词类确定错误例3：(NMET2001,83)We do not seem to get much time to talk about together.(4）根据句意确定错误例4：(NMET98,87)We practise for three times every week. 13.语境及逻辑错误最近几年，短文改错题需借助语境及行文逻辑加以判断，这是由单纯考语言语法向考综合运用和综合理解的过渡，考生应认真分析文意及逻辑关系，并做到前后呼应。(1)句意及逻辑错误例1： (NMET2000,88)but it didnt matter that I would win or not.例2：(NMET2000,90)When I was on the stage the next day，I felt so nervous as shook 1ike a 1eaf.例3：(NMET2000,92)She was smiling but nodding at me.(2)文意及逻辑错误例1：(NMET99)Now，I cant watch much television but a few years ago. I used to watch it every night.例2：(NMET 2001,80)They do not want me to do any work at family.例3：(NMET2001,85)Do they really understand their own daughter? What things are in other homes，I wonder.例4：(NMET 1995,94)Uncle Ben will also go back for Christmas. NMET 1994 There is public library in every town in Britain.81._There are branch library in many villages.82._Anyone may borrow books, and it cost nothing to83._borrow them. In some places you may borrow many84._books as you want, in other places where you85._are limited to a certain number, of that some86._may be novels. Books may be keep for four weeks.87._Newly-published novels are always in great demand,88._and some books, for example, books for history,89._science, cooking and gardening are also popular .90._If the book you will want is out, you may ask for It91._to be called back for you, and whether you pay92._the cost of send a postcard, the librarian will93._write to you, and let you to know when the book you94._want has returned and is ready for you to pick up.95._ NMET 2000北京春季Dear Peter, Thanks very much on inviting me to your birthday 86._party on Sunday. Id like very much come but 87._I had an examination on Monday morning. It is 88._a very important exam but I cant afford to89._fail it. Ill spend all the whole weekend reading90._and prepare for it. So Im really sorry that91._I wont be able to come in this time. Hope you 92._can understand. Ill take this chance to wish 93._you wonderful time on your birthday. Happy94._birthday, Peter , and many happy return of the95._day! Yours, Li Ming NMET 2003 北京春季Many teachers worry about the effects of televisions on youngpeople. According to studies, any children spend more time76._watching television than they spend in school. Because so77._much viewing, children may not be develop the habit of78._read and the ability to enjoy themselves. No one worries79._much about the radio program young people listen to,80._although radios can be very noise. Teachers also wonder about81._the effects of television commercials. On one year the 82._average child will see 25 000 television commercials, all83._planned and written by grown-ups to make children to want84._things that they dont real need.85._答案解析76.答案：把any改为many或some解析：此题考查代词的用法。根据复数children可确定应用many或some。any用于肯定句时，后接单数名词。77.答案：在because后加of解析：此题考查惯用法。because of后接名词或代词。78.答案：去掉not 后的be解析：此题考查动词的用法。develop是行为动词，不与动词be连用。79.答案：把read改为reading解析：此题考查非谓语动词的用法。of后接动名词作宾语。80.答案：把program改为programs解析：此题考查名词单复数的用法。program是可数名词，要用复数形式。81.答案：把noise改为noisy解析：此题考查形容词的用法。be后接形容词。82.答案：把On改为In解析：此题考查介词的用法。表示在某年要用介词in。83.答案：此行没错误。解析：此题考查考生鉴别正误的能力。84.答案：去掉want前的to解析：此题考查非谓语动词的用法。make后接不带to的不定式作宾补。85.答案：把real改为really解析：此题考查副词的用法。要用副词修饰动词。 NMET 2002Last week my parents and I took a two-day trip to Emei Mountain in Sichuan.As everyone knows,its famous76._mountain with all kinds of plants and animals.The weather77._was fine.It was about noon we arrived at the foot of78._the mountain.The three of them were very excited.As we79._climbed the mountain,we fed monkeys,visiting temples80._and told stories.On the way up I was busy taking picture81._since the scenery was so beautiful.The time passes quickly82._Evening came down.We spent the night in a hotel at the top83._of the mountain.The food was expensive and the service was 84._good.I was so tired that I fell asleep at the moment my85._head touched the pillow.答案解析76.答案：在its和famous之间加不定冠词a解析：此题考查冠词的基本用法。mountain是可数名词，这里是泛指，所以要加不定冠词a。77.答案：该行无错误解析：此题考查考生鉴别正误的能力。78.答案：在noon和we之间加when解析：此题考查连词的基本用法。It was about noon和we arrived at the foot of the mountain都是简单句，必须用复合连词when把它们连接起来，构成时间状语从句。79.答案：把them改为us解析：此题考查代词的用法。这篇短文叙述了作者和他的父母亲一起去旅游，这里指的是“我们”，而不是“他们”。80.答案：把visiting改为visited解析：此题考查动词时态。并列连词and连接的是三个谓语：fed,visited和told。81.答案：把picture改为pictures解析：此题考查名词的数。picture是可数名词，从下文中since the scenery was so beautiful可以看出，作者拍了不止一张照片。所以要用复数。82.答案：把passes改为passed解析：此题考查动词时态。作者和他父母亲旅游的时间发生在过去（last week），所以要用一般过去时。83.答案：划掉came后的down解析：此题考查副词的用法。Evening came的意思是，到了夜晚。不能用came down。84.答案：把and改为but解析：此题考查连词的基本用法。食物贵（The food was expensive）与服务好（the service was good）之间是转折关系，不是并列关系。85.答案：划掉asleep和the moment之间的at解析：此题考查介词的用法。the moment (that)可以引导时间状语从句，意思是“一就”，前面不用介词at。在这个句子中，省略了that。 NMET 2002 北京What should you do when your parents become angry? If your76._parents got mad,try to have a conversation with them.77._about it.Remembering not to shout at them.They usually78._will try to change,but they will take some time because79._they get angry all their life,and that is all they know.You80._might have to change for your method a couple of times.81._Do any nice things for your parents that they dont expect82._like cooking,doing the dishes,washing clothes,or clean83._the floor.If this doesnt work,bring in friend that you 84._feel comfortable,and have him or her help you.85._答案解析76.答案：该行无错解析：此题考查考生鉴别正误的能力。这是一个特殊疑问句，What should you do是主语，when your parents become angry是时间状语从句。两个句子的主谓宾（主系表）都没有错误。77.答案：把got改为get解析：此题考查动词时态。从短文所用的时态可以看出，这里要用一般现在时，表示经常发生的动作。78.答案：把Remembering改为Remember解析：此题考查动词的用法。这是一个祈使句，要用动词原形开头。79.答案：把they改为it解析：此题考查代词的用法。这个句子的结构是：it指代to change作主语。80.答案：把life改为lives解析：此题考查名词的数。life当“一生”讲时，是可数名词。物主代词是their，所以要用复数。81.答案：划掉change与your之间的for解析：此题考查介词的用法。change是及物动词，后面直接接宾语。82.答案：把any改为some解析：此题考查形容词的用法。any作形容词用于肯定句时，后接单数名词，意思是“任何的”。some后接复数名词，意思是“一些”。83.答案：把clean改为cleaning解析：此题考查非谓语动词的用法。or连接三个动名词cooking,doing和cleaning作like的宾语。84.答案：在bring in和friend之间加不定冠词a解析：此题考查冠词的基本用法。friend是可数名词，根据下文中的him or her可以确定这里是单数，所以要加不定冠词a。85.答案：在comfortable后面加with解析：此题考查介词的用法。这是一个定语从句，关系代词that代替a friend在定语从句中作介词with的宾语。 NMET 2002北京春季My brother Tom was very selfish when he was a little boy.He did not want share things with other people.For76._example,when he bought a chocolate cake,he put them77._in a secret place where I couldnt find.Then he78._ate it all,by himself.He never helped other.79._He said he is busy.That is,a game of80._tennis making him very busy.He did not care81._if something he did made people angry.For82._instance,on one night he played strong and83._loudly music till four o clock in the morning.But84._he is difference now.He often helps grandma with85._housework,helps mom with cooking and helpshis classmates with their lessons.答案解析76.答案：在want和share之间加to解析：此题考查动词不定式的用法。want后接to do sth.作宾语。77.答案：把them改为it解析：此题考查代词的用法。it指代a chocolate cake。78.答案：把where改为which或that或划掉解析：此题考查定语从句中关系代词的用法。place在定语从句中作find的宾语，所以不能用关系副词where。79.答案：把other改为others解析：此题考查代词的用法。other做代词，指代其他人，用复数形式。80.答案：把busy前的is改为was解析：此题考查动词时态。这是一个宾语从句，主句用了一般过去时，所以宾语从句中的谓语也要用一般过去时。81.答案：把making改为made解析：此题考查动词的用法。made在句子中作谓语。82.答案：该行无错解析：此题考查考生鉴别正误的能力。if something he did made people angry作care的宾语。没有错误。83.答案：划掉one night前的on解析：此题考查介词的用法。one night的意思是“一天夜里”，前面不用加介词。84.答案：把loudly改为loud解析：此题考查形容词的用法。形容词做名词music的定语。85.答案：把difference改为different解析：此题考查形容词的用法。形容词作系动词is的表语。 NMET 2001Like most of my schoolmates,I have neither brothers nor76._sistersin any other words,I am an only child.My parents77._love me dearly of course and will do all they can make sure78._that I get a good education.They did not want me to do79._any work at family; they want me to devote all my time to80._my studies so that Ill get good marks in all my subject.We81._may be one family and live under a same roof,but we do82._not seem to get much time to talk about together.It looks83._as if my parents treat me as a visitor and a guest.Do they84._really understand their own daughter? What things are in85._other homes,I wonder.答案解析76.答案：此行无错解析：此题考查考生鉴别正误的能力。该句结构完整。没有错误。77.答案：划掉in与other之间的any解析：此题考查短语的用法。in other words的意思是“换句话说”，是固定搭配。78.答案：在can和make之间加to解析：此题考查动词不定式的用法。to make sure that 在句中作目的状语。79.答案：把did改为do解析：此题考查动词时态。根据全篇的时态可以确定这里应用一般现在时。80.答案：把family改为home解析：此题考查单词的词义。at home的意思是“在家”。family的意思是“家庭”。81.答案：把subject改为subjects解析：此题考查名词的数。all后接可数名词复数。82.答案：把a改为the解析：此题考查冠词的基本用法。在same前一般用定冠词the。83.答案：划掉talk与together之间的about解析：此题考查动词的用法。talk about的意思是“谈论某事”，后接名词或代词。84.答案：把and改为or解析：此题考查连词的用法。这个句子的意思是“这看上去似乎我的父母亲把我当成了参观者或客人。”在visitor和guest选取其一。85.答案：把What改为How解析：此题考查副词的用法。这句话的意思是“我想知道其他家里的情况是什么样的。” NMET 2001北京春季I used to love science classall of them86._biology,chemistry,geography,physics.I think I87._liked those classes because I felt that it helped me88._understand what the world works.For example,when89._I was a child,the rain was mystery (奥秘).In one90._class,I learned it rained.I think science classes 91._clear up mysteries.But then there is always more92._mysteries look into.What was my least favourite class?93._That was math.After learn the basics of the subject,94._nothing else seemed very practically to me.I never 95._saw how I could use it in my daily life.答案解析86.答案：把class改为classes解析：此题考查名词的数。根据all of them可以确定class要用复数形式。87.答案：没有错误解析：此题考查考生鉴别正误的能力。前半句由四个名词构成，没有错误；后半句I think I和下一行构成完整的句子。88.答案：把it改为they解析：此题考查代词的用法。they指代classes。89.答案：把what改为how解析：此题考查从句的连接词的用法。what在宾语从句中作