英语必修5复习.doc

Unit 1 Great scientists1. John Snow defeats “King Cholera”.约翰斯诺战胜“霍乱王”。defeat意为“击败；打败；使（计划，希望）落空”。defeat, conquer与overcome三个词都含有“战胜”、“击败”的意思。 defeat 指“赢得胜利”, 尤其指军事上的胜利, 如defeat the enemy(打败敌人); conquer指“征服;战胜”,尤其指获得对人、物或感情的控制,如conquer nature（征服自然）；overcome指“战胜；压倒；克服”，尤其指“感情”, 如overcome difficulties （克服困难）。 defeat, beat与win 辨析defeat, beat都表示在战斗或竞赛中“战胜,打败(对手)”,后接竞争对手。如beat the competitor/the country/the team .打败对手/国家/队 win也表示“战胜,赢得”,但它的宾语通常是比赛、战争、奖品或表尊重、崇拜之类意义的词。如win a race/a battle/a war/a scholarship/a prize/a medal/success/friendship/reward .赢得赛跑/战役/战争/奖学金/奖品/奖章/成功/友谊/奖赏 2. But he became inspired when he thought about helping ordinary people exposed to cholera.但当他一想到要帮助（那些）受到霍乱威胁的普通百姓，他就感到很振奋。exposed to cholera在句中是过去分词短语作后置定语，表示被动，修饰people，相当于定语从句which were exposed to cholera 意为“患霍乱的”。expose意为“暴露；揭露；使曝光”，常与介词to连用，表示“使暴露于（日光、风雨等）；受到风险；使面临”。 常见结构：expose sth./sb./oneself (to .) 显露或暴露be exposed to暴露于。cure vt.&n. 治愈，治疗法；常用于cure sb. of .结构中。 cure, treat, heal与recovercure意为“治疗；治愈”，多用于指药物治疗并治愈某种疾病或改正不良习气。treat为日常用语，意为“治疗；医治”，指治疗病人的全过程或活动。heal意为“治愈（伤口）； 医治”，指治好外伤或烧伤后的部位，使伤口愈合，不用于指治疗感冒等疾病。recover意为“痊愈,复原”，主要是指从病中痊愈了，常与from连用。4. The second suggested that people absorbed this disease into their bodies with their meals. 第二种看法是人们是在吃饭时把这种病毒引入体内的。suggest vt. 暗示；表明(陈述语气)；建议（suggest doing; suggest thatclause）His attitude suggested that he was not interested in it at all.他的态度表明他对此一点也不感兴趣。I suggested that he (should) adapt himself to his new conditions. 我建议他应该适应新的情况。 absorb意为“吸收；吸引；使专心；合并；吞并”，常见结构：absorb ones attention 吸引某人的注意力be absorbed in sth. 专心于某事be absorbed by/into 被吞并；为所吸收 6. From the stomach the disease quickly attacked the body and soon the affected person died. 病从胃里发作而迅速殃及全身，患者很快就会死去。7. It seemed that the water was to blame.看来水是罪魁祸首。blame v. 责备，谴责；把归咎于blame sb. for sth./doing sth. 为某事责备某人blame sth. on sb. 把某事归咎于某人be to blame (for) 应（为）承担责任；该（为）受责备。注意：此处不能用被动语态。blame n. 埋怨，责备；责任take the blame for sth. 对某事负责任lay/put the blame on sb. 把某事归咎于某人 重点短语梳理 1. put _ 提出2. _ a conclusion 得出结论3. in _ 另外 4. _ to an end结束5. _ .to .将和连接起来 6. _ from 除之外7. be _ with 对严格的 8. lead _导致；通向 9. make _ 有道理；有意义；讲得通 10. _ of view 态度；观点11. be _ to 暴露于12. be _ in 全神贯注于13. _ into 调查14. be _ /_ 支持/反对1. forward 2. draw 3. addition 4. come 5. link 6. apart 7.strict 8. to 9. sense 10. point 11. exposed 12. absorbed 13. look 14. for/againstbe enthusiastic about/over/for sth be enthusiastic aboutdoing sth对 . 热情，be cautious about对.小心谨慎重点句型再现1. _ its cause _ its cure was understood.人们不但不知道它的病源，也不了解它的治疗方法。1. Neither; nor2. So many thousands of terrified people died _ _ there was an outbreak.每次暴发（霍乱）时，都有大批惊恐的老百姓死去。2. every time3. John Snow suggested that the source of all the water supplies _ _.约翰斯诺建议所有的水源都要经过检测。3. be examined4. _ _ you put the sun there _ the movements of the other planets in the sky make sense. 只有当你把太阳放在中心位置上，天空中其他行星的运动才能说得清楚。Only if; didUnit2 The United Kingdom1. How many countries does the UK consist of?英国是由几个国家（部分）组成的？consist of 组成；构成；由组成(后接of，用于主动语态)consist vi. 符合；并存；一致 （与with连用）在于，存在于（常与in连用）【易混辨析】comprise, compose, constitute与make up 这一组动词都有“组成，包含”的意思，不过comprise和constitute是及物动词，要用主动形式；而compose和make up则需后跟of, 用于系表结构中。 2. Now when people refer to England you find Wales included as well.如今，只要有人提起英格兰，你就会发现威尔士总是包括在内的。refer to 查阅;参考谈到;提到适用于;涉及把提交给;把委托给使向请教;使求助于 把归功于 认为起源于3. However, the southern part of Ireland was unwilling and broke away to form its own government. 然而，爱尔兰的南部却不愿意组建联合王国，它分离出去并建立了自己的政府。break away (from)突然逃掉或离开;断绝往来,脱离;改掉(旧习惯）break down (机器、车辆等)坏了；(计划、谈判等)失败；(谈话、通讯等)中断；(健康、精神等)变坏；垮掉break in 突然进来，强行进入；插嘴，打岔break into 强行进入;突然起来;打断，插嘴break off 停止讲话;暂停;休息;(使)折断break out (火灾、战争等)突然发生或爆发break through 突破;克服;征服;强行穿过/进入break up 解散;驱散;(学校等)放假;结束;破裂;绝交4. England is the largest of the four countries, and for convenience it is divided roughly into three zones. 在这四个国家中，英格兰是最大的。为了方便起见，它大致可以划分为三个地区。convenience n. 适宜；便利；方便（不可数）convenience food 便利食品；convenience store 便利店便利的事物/设施(可数)convenient adj. 方便的(可用作定语和表语)。作表语时，不可用人作主语，而要用事物或形式主语it作主语，其后常接介词for/to或不定式。常用结构：It is/was convenient for sb. to do sth. 对某人来说方便；sth. be convenient to/for sb./sth. 对某人/物来说是方便的。 1. _ of 由组成2._ .into 把分成3. leave _ 遗漏；删掉4. _ down 捣毁；（机器）出故障；分解；垮掉5. _ to 提及；参考6. for _ 为了方便7. _ close to接近；几乎8. take the _ of 代替；取代 9. break _ from 挣脱（束缚）；脱离1. consist 2. divide 3. out 4. break 5. refer6. convenience 7. come 8. place 9. away1. There is _ _ to debate any more why different words are used to describe the four countries.再也没有什么必要争论为什么要用不同的词去描述这四个国家了。2. The three countries _ _ _ peacefully instead of by war.这三个国家发现自己并没有通过战争就和平统一起来了。3. It seemed strange that the man who had developed communism _ _ _ and died in London.这似乎很奇怪：这位发展了共产主义的人竟然在伦敦生活过，并且在伦敦去世。答案 1,no need 2. found themselves united3. should have lived补充 come into conflict with sb 与某人发生冲突 be unwilling to do sth不愿意做某事leave out 遗漏 furnish A with B 把B提供给A there is a possibility that,.的可能性quarrel with sb over/about sth 与某人争吵 take the place of代替 be/feel delighted at/by with因而高兴 Unit 3 life in the future1. FIRST IMPRESSIONS 第一印象impression n. 印象；感想；印记have/make/leave an impression on sb. 给某人留下的印象an impression of sth./sb. 对的印象impress vt. 使留下深刻印象；使铭记；盖（印）于impress sb. with sth. （某事）给某人留下印象be impressed by/at 为所感动/打动；对有印象impress sth. on/upon sb. 使某人铭记某事impressive adj. 给人印象深刻的；感人的2. I still cannot believe that I am taking up this prize that I won last year. 我还是不能相信我是在接受去年获得的这个奖励。take up开始(学习或从事等)继续占去(时间或空间)接纳(乘客等)，接受(挑战，建议，条件等)take back 收回;接回;退回take down 写下，记下；拆下;拆掉take in 收留；包括；理解；欺骗，使上当take off 脱下；起飞；请假;休息take on 聘用，雇用;呈现，显现，具有;承担或担任(工作或责任等)take over 接替;接管;继承take sb. sth./take sth. to sb. 给某人带(送)去某物take sb. (sth.) for (to be)3. Hit by a lack of fresh air, my head ached.由于缺乏新鲜空气，我感到头痛。lack v.&n. 缺乏；缺少的东西lack作名词时，后常接of。lack作动词时，既可作及物动词，也可以作不及物动词，若是不及物动词，后常接for或in。 lack不用于被动语态。lack sth. 缺少某物lack for sth. 缺少；需要for/through lack of .因缺乏no lack of .不缺乏lacking adj. 匮乏的；不足的；没有的be lacking in 缺乏（品质、特点等）4. This is similar to the “jet lag” you get from flying, but it seems you keep getting flashbacks from your previous time period.这就与你乘坐飞机会产生时差反应相似，所不同的是，在你的脑子里似乎会不断地闪现以前的时光。similar adj.意为“相似的，类似的”，可作定语，常用于be similar to （与相似/类似），be similar in（在方面相似/类似）结构中。 5. .some chairs rose from under the floor as if by magic.一些椅子就像变魔术一样从地板下面升了起来。from under the floor 从地板下面from后面有时可接介词短语或where从句。from behind the door 从门后面from under the table 从桌子底下From under the tree the man kept an eye on the sheep.那个老人从树下留意着他的1. _ up 拿起；从事（工作）；接受；开始；继续2. lose _ of . 忽略/看不见3. _ sight of 看见；瞥见4. _ all directions 从四面八方；全面地5. _ up 打扫；横扫6. speed _ 加速7. _ in 帮助；援助；协助8. space _ 宇航局；航天局9. _.to .把递给10. be _ about 对感到乐观11. be _ to 与很相似12. be _ for 对很重要13. _ no time 立刻；马上14. be _ with 装备着1. take 2. sight 3. catch 4. in 5. sweep 6. up 7. assist 8. agency 9. hand 10. optimistic 11. similar 12. essential13. in 14. equipped1. The air seemed thin, _ _ its combination of gases had little oxygen left. 空气似乎很稀薄，好像在混合的气体中剩下的氧气很少。2. _ _ _ _ , I was unsettled for the first few days. 因为担心这次旅行，头几天我感到心绪不宁。3. I lost sight of Wang Ping when we reached _ _ _ _ _ _ because of too many carriages flying by in all directions.当我们到了一个看上去像是大市场的地方时，因为有太多的气垫车从四面八方飞来，我看不到王平了。答案1.as though 2. Worried about the journey3. what looked like a large market 补充：be uncertain about 对不确定 be optimistic/pessimistic about对乐观/悲观 at a speed of 以 .速度 at that instant 在那一瞬间 in an instant 立刻,马上be greedy for 对。贪婪 be representative of,的典型Unit 4 making the news1. Now discuss in pairs how you would feel if you were offered a job on a famous newspaper? 现在两人一组进行讨论，如果一家著名报社提供给你一份工作，你感觉如何？offer vt. 提出；主动给予；出价；开价 n. 给予(物), 出价, 提议, 意图, 报价offer to do sth. 主动提出做某事offer sb. sth. offer sth. to sb. 给某人提供某物offer sb. some money for sth. 给某人出钱买某物offer sb. sth. for some money 向某人开价卖某物2. Never will Zhou Yang(ZY) forget his first assignment at the office of a popular English newspaper.周扬将永远不会忘记他在一家时尚英文报社的第一次任务。该句否定词位于句首，故用部分倒装，即把谓语的一部分置于主语之前。这类否定词和含有否定意义的短语主要有：no, not, never, little, hardly, seldom, scarcely, barely, not until, neither .nor ., not only .but also, at no time, in no way, by no means,in no case, under no condition等。 not until 引导的从句位于句首时，从句不倒装，后面的主句倒装；not only .but also .连接两个并列分句时，前面倒装，后一部分不倒装。3. Youll find your colleagues very eager to assist you, so you may be able to concentrate on photography later if youre interested.你会发现你的同事们都很乐意帮助你；所以，如果你对摄影感兴趣，你可以以后再集中精力学习。 concentrate on意为“把精力集中在”，可直接接名词。concentrate on sth.，或接v.ing。concentrate on doing sth.或 concentrate ones effort on sth./doing sth.意为“集中精力于某事（或做某事）”。4. Have you ever had a case where someone accused your journalists of getting the wrong end of the stick?你们有没有过这样的情况：别人控告你的记者，说他（她）们的报道完全失实？ accuse .of . 因控告/指责accuse, charge辨析accuse, charge两个动词都有“控诉，指控”之意，但它们后面所搭配的介词不同。 accuse v.指控，控诉，与介词of连用。 charge v.可以指因为小错而受的责备，也可指因违法而受到控告，与介词with连用。 5. Last of all, the chief editor read it and approved it.最后，主编阅读并批准此事。approve 主要有两个用法：一是表示“赞成”、 “认可”、“满意”、“同意”等, 此时通常是不及物动词(有时用作及物动词，但很少见)，若后需接宾语，通常要借助介词 of；二是表示“批准”、“通过”，此时只用作及物动词，其后跟宾语时无需任何介词。 I approve of your choice.我赞成你的选择。注意：approve的名词形式为approval,反义词为disapprove。6. Later you can cover a story . 晚些时候，你才能去进行新闻采访cover vt. a. 对进行采访；报道b. 覆盖；遮掩 be covered with/by .被覆盖桌上满是灰尘。c. 行走（路程）；占用（一段时间或空间）d. 涉及，包含n. 封面（底）；盖子from cover to cover 从头到尾;透彻地cover ，interview辨析cover采访的对象是“事物”，后面跟表示事物的名词作宾语。interview采访的对象是“人”，后面跟表示人的名词作宾语1. _ on 全神贯注于2. _ . of 因指责或控告3. _ against 防卫以免于4. have a _ for .对有敏感的嗅觉5. be _ to do sth. 理应做某事6. to _ the truth 说实话7. _ _ work 开始工作8. _ _ to .把传递给9. _ as 充当10. be _ to do sth. 渴望做某事11. be _ of 在的前面12. make _ 约会13. get _ for .为做好准备14. take _ 拍照1.concentrate 2. accuse 3. defend 4. nose 5. supposed 6. tell 7. set to8. pass on 9. act 10. eager 11. ahead 12. appointments13. ready 14. photograph 15. cover 1. _ _ Zhou Yang(ZY) forget his first assignment at the office of a popular English newspaper.周扬将永远不会忘记他在一家时尚英文报社的第一次任务。2. _ _ you have seen what he or she does, can you cover a story by yourself.只有等你见习了他们的工作之后，你才能独自去进行新闻采访。3. _ _ _ _ interested in photography, but I took an amateur course at university to update my skills. 对摄影我不只是感兴趣，在大学里我还修过摄影这门课程来更新技术。1. Never will 2. Only when 3. Not only am I短语补充：involv sb in 把某人牵扯进去 be eager in 热衷于assist sb in doing /in/with/to do sth 帮助某人做某事 acquire a good knowledge of 精通 inform sb of 通知某人 It/that (all)depends.看情况再说吧Unit 5 first aid1. _ place在适当的位置2. fall _ 生病3. put ones _ on sth. 找到4. first _ 急救 5. carry _ 实行；执行6. have a _ of 对有一些了解7. _ number of 若干；许多8. _ .on fire 放火烧9. get _ 被烧伤10. make a _ 有作用；有影响11. electric _ 触电；电休克12._ out 榨出；挤出1，in 2. ill 3. hands 4. aid 5. out 6. knowledge 7. a 8. set 9. burnt 10. difference 11. shock 12. squeeze1. _ _ Johns quick action and knowledge of first aid _ saved Ms Slades life.正是约翰的快速反应和急救知识救了斯莱德女士的命。2. _ _ _ _ that Johns quick thinking and the first aid skills he learned at school saved Ms Slades life.毫无疑问，是约翰敏捷的思维和在学校学到的急救技术，使得斯莱德女士的生命得救了。 3. John _ _ in his room _ he heard screaming.约翰正在房间里做功课，突然听到一阵尖叫声。1. It was; that2. There is no doubt3. was studying; when1. First aid is a temporary form of help given to someone who suddenly falls ill or gets injured before a doctor can be found.急救是在医生到来之前对突然生病的病人或受伤者的一种救助。aid n.a. 表示一般意义的“帮助”或“援助”时，是不可数名词。b. 表示“助手”或“辅助用品”等具体意义时，是可数名词。vt. 支持，帮助，救助come (go) to ones aid 来(去)帮助某人 with the aid of 借助的帮助in aid of 用来帮助aid, help与assistanceaid 表示经济或其他方面给予的帮助或援助，多指强者(或足够者)援助弱者，多用于团体。help 指给人精神或物质上的帮助，强调受助者的需要，有利于达到一定的目的或目标。assistance 多指个人给予道义、知识、物质等方面的帮助，所提供的帮助往往只起辅助作用。 get已失去了原有的词汇意义，而接近于be，但同“be+过去分词”相比，“get+过去分词”更强调动作的结果，体现动作性，含有被动意义。get burnt 烧伤/烫伤；get broken 破碎了；get hurt 受伤了；get lost 迷路；get paid 拿工资；get killed 被杀死；get married 结婚；get drowned 被淹死；get dressed 穿衣服；get damaged 遭到破坏；get separated 分散；get caught in陷入/遭到2. What kind of first aid would you perform in this situation?遇到这种情况，你会采取哪种急救措施呢？situation n.形势，处境，事态，局面，位置situation指一定时期内总的情况、形势、事态，亦可指国际国内形势，是可数名词；state用单数形式表示人或事物的情况及状况，如外貌、心理、外观等方面，可与不定冠词连用，常用于in a state of或in a. state；condition的单数形式表示人或物本身的状况，在这个意思上与state相近；而复数形式则指事物之外的环境与情况，与circumstances意思相近。 （比较：state）His business is in a good state. 他的生意很好。（比较：condition）The condition of the house was so bad that nothing could make it safe to live in. 房屋的条件太差了以至于不能安全地住在里面。注意：situation与condition,occasion,point,case一样，后常用where,in which引导定语从句。Can you imagine a situation where/in which you can use the word?你能想象出可以使用这个单词的语境吗？ perform v. 履行；表演；表现Their football team performed very well in the match yesterday. 他们的足球队在昨天的比赛中表现突出。 The new drug has performed well in tests. 那种新药试验效果不错。Lasers can be used to perform operations nowadays. 现在激光可以用来做手术。performance n. 表演,表现；性能3. John was presented with his award at a ceremony which recognized the bravery of ten people who ha