英语人教版八年级下册unit8 3a-3c教案.doc

现在完成时教案现在完成时态用法小结 :初中阶段总共学了八种时态，现在完成时是这八种时态里最常见、学生觉得最难学的一种，现我把对它的教学体会归纳如下： 1表示动作已完成，但影响还在。常与just , already , yet, ever, never, before等副词连用，有时也不跟任何时间状语连用。如： 1) I have already had breakfast. 我已经吃过早餐了。 2) She has just left. 她刚刚离开。 3) Tom has become a League member. 汤姆已入团了。 2. 表示过去发生的动作一直持续到现在，而且还可能持续下去。常与 for 引导的短语，since 引导的从句或短语，包括 recently, in the last two years, these days, so far, up to now ，ever since, all ones life等在内的时间状语连用。 1)I have taught English in this school for twenty years. 我在这所学校教英语已二十年了。 2)We have known each other since we came to this city. 自从来到这座城市，我们就彼此认识了。 3)I havent heard from him so far. 迄今为止，我仍没收到他的来信。 3示说话前发生过的一次或多次的动作，常与 once, twice , 等副词连用。如： 1)My father has been to Beijing twice. 我爸爸曾到过北京两次。 2)I have not seen snow even once. 我从没见过雪。 4学习与运用现在完成时态时，应注意如下几点： a)瞬间动词（也称终止性动词或非延续性动词）不能与 since 或for 等引导的一段时间状语连用。如： 1)他离开这里有一星期了。 误：He has left here for a week. 正：He has been away from here for a week. 2)我的新单车买了两个月了。 误：I have bought the new bike for two months. 正：I have had the new bike for two months. 3)她入党已三年了。 误：She has joined the Party for three years. 正：She has been in the party for three years. She has been a Party member for three years. It is three years since she joined the Party. 5、常见的瞬间动词有：arrive, come, leave, go, become, join, die, buy, borrow 。如果要在现在完成时的句子中表达上述动词的意思，而这个句子又恰好与since 或 for 等引导的时间状语连用，则必须由一些表示状态的形容词、副词来表示。比如，arrivecomego- be inat, leave-be away, become-be, join-be in/be a member of, diebe dead, buy- haveown, borrow-keep, begin/start-be on, openbe open, close-be closed, finish/end-be over, get to know-know, go to sleep/ fall asleep-be asleep,等。 6在完成时的谓语动词是瞬间性动词的否定形式，则可以和表 示一段时间的短语连用。因为瞬间性动词的否定结构常表示一种状态，是可以持续的。如： 1)他已有一个多月没来了。 He hasnt come here for a months. 2)我好久没收到他的信了。 I havent heard from him for a long time. 7现在完成时不能与表示过去的时间状语和 when 引导的时间状语从句连用。如：yesterday， the day before yesterday, two weeks ago, last year, yesterday morning, just now, in 1997, the other day 等。如： 1)电影一小时前就开始放映了。 误：The film has begun an hour ago. 正：The film began an hour ago. The film has been on since an hour ago. The film has been on for an hour. 8have been to 与 have gone to 的区别：前者表示曾去过某地，现已回来。常与once, twice, ever, never 等连用；后者表示去了某地，人还没回来，一般不与时间状语连用。如： 1)He has been to