大学英语自学教程(上册) 笔记 Unit 8-3.pdf

洛基英语 大学英语自学教程 上册 笔记 Unit 8 3 The10th lectureof College English one Unit 8 Text B What people Don t Know about Air Weallknow that without air wecouldn t live It s like fish couldn t live without water But do you knowifthere weren t air we would have no sound no wind or clouds Soifyou are interestedallof these please read the text very carefully A New words 1 obvious adj 明显的 obviously adv 2 shelter n v 掩蔽 庇护 shelter from sth 3 atmosphere n 大气 atmospheric adj 大气的 4 electrical adj 电的 电气的 electricity n 电 electrician n 电工 5 existence n 存在 exist v 存在 6 lightening n 闪电 thunder 打雷 7 unending adj 不尽的 不停的 ending 8 atomic adj 原子的 atom n 原子 9 explosion n 爆炸 爆发 explode v 爆炸 explosive n 炸药 adj 爆炸性的 B Grammar point Subjunctive Mood 2 第一讲中介绍过在非真实条件句中的虚拟语气的主要用法 难点在于句子的时态比真实条件 句的时态后退一步 即 现在时 过去时 过去时 过去完成时 将来时 过去将来时 在 今天这讲中将继续将它在一些从句中的用法介绍给大家 1 在宾语从句中的用法 1 在 suggest insist order demand request command 等含有希望 建议 命令等语气的宾语 从句中 句型 主语 should 省略 动词原形 a I suggest that we should doitat once b I insist that he should give up smoking 洛基英语 2 在 wish 后的宾语从句中要用虚拟语气 而其时态的用法与非真实条件句一样 时态后 移 a I wish I were you 与现在事实相反的愿望 b I wish I had learned more 与过去事实相反的愿望 c I wish I would have another chance 与将来事实相反的愿望 注意区分 wish 从句 表示不可能实现的愿望 必须用虚拟语气 而 hope 从句 表示 可能实现的愿望 不用虚拟语气 a He hopes we llgo therewith him b He wishes wewould go therewith him 3 在 would rather 后的从句中 句型 主语 would rather 从句 用一般过去时 I would rather you stayed at home 2 在主语从句中的用法 在下列结构的主语从句中 谓语必须用虚拟语气 见课本 p542 考试的考点时 should 的省 略 3 在表语从句和同位语从句中的用法 当宾语从句中那些使用虚拟语气的动词的名词形式出现在表语从句和同位语从句中时 必须 用虚拟语气 即 suggestion order insistence demand request etc a My suggestion is that we should try again 表语从句 b My suggestion that we should try again is accepted by them 同位语从句 4 在定语从句中的用法 It is time that 主语 动词的过去时 It is time that you left It is tome for you to leave 5 在含蓄条件句中的用法 洛基英语 有时一个假设的情况并不是用条件从句表示 而用其它方式表示 称含蓄条件句 1 用 with without 介词结构代替条件从句 Wemight have died you without your help Wemight have diedifyou hadn t helped us 2 用相当于 if 的其它连词表示虚拟结构 常见的连词有 otherwise inthat case on condition that provided that but for etc a I was busy last week otherwiseI would have cometo see you I as very busy last week If I hadn t been busy I would have cometo see you b But for the storm weshould have arrived early If wehadn t met the storm weshould have arrived early 6 在错综时间条件句中的用法 有时非真实条件句中 主句谓语动词所表示的动作和条件句中的谓语动词不是同时发生 这 时可按照需要来调整各自的时间 a If you had followed the doctor s advice then you would have beallright now 主句与从句发生的时间不同 进行调整 b If you had followed the doctor s advice you would have beenallright then 主句和从句的动作同时发生 请注意 碰到这种从句要特别注意它的时间状语 必须明确给出时间 否则按同时发生使用 7 虚拟语气的倒装与省略 符合下列条件 可以省略 if 并进行倒装 必须是非真实条件句 只有当从句中出现 were had should 时 才可省略if 并把这些词放在主语之前 a If I should meet her I would tell her Should I meet her I would tell her 洛基英语 b IfI wereinyour position I would doitbetter Were Iinyour position I would doitbetter 请阅读课本 p539 p545 并完成课后练习 看看本文中出现的虚拟语气句 1 Without air we could not exist 2 If we didn t have air there would be no sound 3 Without air therewould beno wind or clouds C Important phrasesinthetext 1 beimportant to sb 1段1行 2 beforced to do 3段3行 3 shelter from 3段3行 4 consist of 5 段 1 行 5 rest upon 5 段 4 行 6 gazt at sth 6 段 5 行 7 in wonder 6 段 5 行 8 not until 6 段 6 行 9 large amounts of 7 段 3 行 10 the same as 8 段 3 行 11 learn to 9 段 1 行 12 in the meantime 9 段 3 行 13 pay attention to 9 段 4 行 14 add to 9 段 6 行 15 in order to 2 段 4 行 16 protect from 3 段