形似意似词辨析(五).doc

单词辨析（五）1habit / custom habit习惯，习性。指个人，常与of doing sth连用。custom习惯，风俗。指个人、社会或团体，常与to do sth连用。 It is Toms _ to listen to music while he is reading.Tom has the _ of listening to music while reading.Social _ vary in different countries. 2holiday / vacation / leaveholiday假日。指逢节日、纪念日的休假日。have a (或ones) holiday 度假，during a holiday 在一次假期中。这种用法的holiday 总用单数形式，但并不一定只是“一天”假。其复数形式有时也指学校、机关的假期。vacation假期，任何节假日或休息日，持续时间较长。在美语中指各种假日。leave准假，请假期间。Winter _ is drawing near. I asked for three days _ last week. You have my _ to stay away from the office tomorrow.3job / work / task / labor work工作。通常用作不可数名词。job工作，活。通常用作可数名词。作“工作”解时有同义词position, place, post等；作“活”解时有同义词task, duty等。task任务，工作。常指难的工作。labor劳动(力)。常指体力劳动，通常用作不可数名词。When I went to see him, he was still at _.When you start a _, you must stick to it. He was charged with an important _ at that time.Im not going to wash the dishes; thats his _. Most of them earn their living by manual _. Trying to bring up a small child on your own is no easy _.4man / human being / people / person / mankindman以单数形式出现，如果其前不加任何冠词，可泛指“人”，包括男人和女人；也可泛指“人类”。 human being可数名词，有单复数形式。它侧重于指与其他的动物、植物或鬼神相对的“人类”。有时，我们还可说成human。people集体名词，表示“人”时，总是用作复数，一个人不可说成one people，而要说成one person。使用people 时应注意以下几点： 其前不加任何冠词时泛指“人，人们”。 其前加the，表示“人民，民众”。 people 用着可数名词时，表示不同的民族或不同国家的人民。person意为“人”，是最普通的说法，它可用于指所有的人，包括男人、女人和孩子，是可数名词。mankind常用来指代整个人类。其前不加任何冠词，本身也不能加复数词尾。Do you know the _ over there?We should serve the _ heart and soul. May the friendship between the two _ last forever._ from all walks of life will be present at the meeting.She thought she could turn a deaf person into a useful _.5question / problem question问题。作动词意为“提问，质疑”， 指由于疑惑不解而提出疑问。problem问题。指等待解决或决定的问题，尤指难题。She hates being _ about her past. The math _ is too hard for me to work out.We argued with them about this _ for a long time6soil / earth / ground / land / mud soil土地，土壤。指含有有机成分、适宜于耕种的土壤。earth土，泥（相对于岩石和沙子而言）；地球。ground土地，地面。指大地表面。land陆地，土地。指海洋、河流相对的陆地。mud泥，泥浆。We came here by _, not by water.The water washed away much of the top _.After the football match, he was covered with _. The peasants were trying to fill the big hole with _. The wounded have been lying on the _ for more than two hours.7state / condition / situation state状态，状况。指人或物在环境、外观、心情等方面的状态、情形。condition条件，状况。侧重于外部的、周边的环境或条件。situation情况，形势，局势，局面。常指军事、政治、经济的状态，也可指某人、某物所处的特殊情况。Ice is the solid _ of water.Nowadays the international _ are changeable.The _ here cant agree with me. Schoolchildren must be taught to deal with dangerous _.The workers went on strike, demanding better pay and working _. 8strength / force / energy / power strength力量，力气。常指固有的潜在力量，如人的气力、精力，也指物质的强度等。force力量，力气。常指暴力、势力、军事力量等；复数形式指“兵力、武力”等。energy活力，精力，能量（指人的精力、自然界的能量等）。power力量，威力，权力，做事或行动的能力。Air _ were sent to the front. They are making use of solar _.He lifted the stone with all his _.Water _ is more enough in this area. Finally they had to open the door by _.He has the _ of life and death over thousands.9value / price / costvalue价值。price价格，价钱，定价。cost价格，成本，费用。Whats the _ of the journey? The book was sold at a low _.The book was sold at a _ price. I hope this book will be of _ to both teachers and students. 10war / battle / campaign / fight / strugglewar战争。指战争的总体而言，一次war包含许多次battle。battle战役。通常指大规模的战斗，也可用于比喻。campaign战役（在某一地区所采取的一系列有固定目的的军事行动），规模比battle大；运动（为达到某一特殊目标所做的一连串有计划的活动）。fight斗争，战斗。指人与人或动物与动物之间的打斗。struggle挣扎，斗争。表示的“斗争”包含着奋力挣扎的因素。The quarrel ended up with a _. Old Smith experienced two world _. The _ against racial discrimination is not over. He devoted his life to the _ against fascism and oppression.The company has spent over 50 million on its latest advertising _.11afraid / fearful afraid害怕，担心。是形容词；be afraid to do表示“害怕”，be afraid of doing表示“担心”，be afraid (that) 表示“恐怕，担心”。 fearful害怕的，担心的。fear是动词或名词；动词与be afraid往往可以通用，但不如be afraid常用。He _ to speak his mind. _ that he would catch cold, I went out to see him.The boy was _ to get close to the dog, for he was afraid of being bitten.12bright / clever / wisebright聪明的，伶俐的。尤指青少年和小孩。clever聪明的，机敏的。可指人，也可指动物。wise聪明的，明智的，英明的。可指人、行为、语言、计划等。What a _ boy / monkey!A _ person is one who has much knowledge and the ability to use it well.His teacher said he was not _ and not worth teaching.Its generally considered not _ to give a child whatever he or she wants.13common / popular / ordinary / general / usual / normal common普遍的，一般的，大众的。popular大众的，受欢迎的。ordinary普通的，平凡的，不出众的。general一般的，总体的，大体的。常指同类中的近乎全部。usual通常的，往常的。normal正常的，正规的，常态的。Its _ to feel nervous before an exam. It is _ knowledge that travel broadens the mind. The _ temperature of the human body is about 37.His teaching method is successful, so he is _ with the pupils.As _, theyd left the children at home with Susan.You should have a _ idea of what you want to express.14false / wrongfalse虚假的；错误的，表示所说的、想的与实际情况相违，含有假冒、欺骗之嫌。如false teeth / hair假牙/假发。wrong错误的，不正确的，无假冒、欺骗之意。He may be _ in his opinions, but he is not _ in trying to impress them on others.15fast / quick / rapid / soon fast快的，迅速的。指速度迅速。quick快的，迅速的；机敏的。指立即行动、毫不延迟；动作敏捷。rapid快的，迅速的。比较具体，常指流水、发展、进步等方面的“快”。 soon快，早。指时间。Ive made _ progress in English.Were expecting a _ reply from the company.I always keep my watch 15 minutes _. Robertsons _ thinking saved the little girls life.16foolish / silly / stupid foolish愚蠢的。指缺乏智慧或判断力。silly傻的，糊涂的，幼稚的。指头脑简单、不懂事，或指言行无聊。stupid笨的。指生性迟钝或反应迟钝，有时含有顽固、固执的意味。It would be _ of us to quarrel. The _ child is always asking silly questions.If youre _ enough to skate on the lake, you deserve to fall in.17possible / probable / likely possible，probable和likely都有“可能的”的意思。possible和probable只能以事情作主语，常用“It is (for sb) to do sth或It is that ”句型，probable的可能性较大；likely的主语可以是人、事或物。It is _ that hell come.It is _ that hell come. He is _ to come this afternoon.18special / especial / particular / peculiarspecial特别的，特殊的，专门的；专程的。especial特别的，尤其的。（英国英语，正式用语，相当于special，但special含有“专门的，专程的”之意）。particular特别的，尤其的；挑剔的。peculiar特有的，独具的。That is his _ character. I came here _ to see you. I didnt have any particular plan in mind.I c