介词+关系词引导的定语从句.doc

介词+关系代词引导的定语从句【知识点1】直接位于介词之后的关系代词只能是which或whom，构成介词+which（指物）；介词+whom（指人）两种结构。【例】The man to whom you talk just now is a famous runner.【例】The service about which the students complain a lot should be improved.【例】He is a library assistant from whom I borrowed some books.【例】It is a famous school from which he graduated 3 years ago.【例】The chair on which he is sitting now is made of wood.【知识点2】直接位于介词后面的关系代词不能省略，但如果将介词移于句子末尾而不位于关系代词之前时，可省。【例】The man (who/that/whom) you talk to just now is a famous runner.【例】The service (which/that) the students complain about a lot should be improved.【例】He is a library assistant (whom/that/who) I borrowed some books from.【例】It is a famous school (which/that) he graduated from 3 years ago.【例】The chair (which/that) he is sitting on now is made of wood.【知识点3】关系副词when, where, why 可以相应地转化为：介词+which结构。【例】This is the house where I lived two years ago.=This is the house in which I lived two years ago.【例】Do you remember the day when you joined our club?=Do you remember the day on which you joined our club?【例】I dont know the reason why he said so.=I dont know the reason for which he said so.【知识点4】有一些动词短语中的介词是固定搭配，不可以拆开，一般还是放在动语之后，不提前：【例】He is the student (who/whom/that) the teachers are looking for.【例】The number of the children (who/whom/that) she takes care of is 30.【知识点5】注意复杂介词短语+which或whom引导的定语从句，是高考考查热点。【例】They finally climbed up the mountain, on top of which many strange birds were seen. 【例】Look at the photo. This is Mr. Green, in front of whom sit three students.【知识点6】不定代词+of+ which/ whom 引导的定语从句可化为of+ which/ whom+ 不定代词 结构；这也是高考常考点。其中用到的不定代词有some, any, none, both, all, many, a few, few, a little, little, either, neither, one, 等等。【例】There are 40 students in our class, most of whom（=of whom most）like English.【例】These are books written by Mark Twain, one of which（=of which one）was read to me by my father【例】She has two sons, neither of whom（=of whom neither）is a teacher.【例】She has many books, none of which(=of which none) is interesting.【知识点7】关系代词whose+名词 引导的定语从句可转化为 the+名词+of+ which / whom 或 of+ which/whom+ the +名词结构；of 表所属关系。【例】I live in a room whose windows are all broken.=I live in a room of which the windows are all broken.= I live in a room the windows of which are all broken.【例】This is my teacher whose handwriting is excellent.= This is my teacher the handwriting of whom is excellent.= This is my teacher of whom the handwriting is excellent.【知识点8】由介词+关系代词引导的定语从句，当主从句主语一致时，定语从句可缩略为：介词+ which/whom+ to do 结构。【例】I have a small room in which I live in.=I have a small room in which to live.=I have a small room to live in.【例】He has a good friend to whom he can turn for help.=He has a good friend to whom to turn for help.=He has a good friend to turn to for help.【知识点9】介词后不一定只能接关系代词，可能会接关系副词，主要取决于介词及句子意思。【例】He used to live in London, from where he came from.【例】He graduated from Beijing University in 1988, since when he has improved himself in all aspects.【知识点10】如何确定关系代词前的介词：将定语从句还原：构成两个搭配，即从句谓语部分与介词的适当搭配；介词与先行词的正确搭配。【例】The picture _which he paid $100 was once owned by a king.【析】定语从句谓语是pay some money；先行词为the picture；还原句子即：He paid $100 _ the picture.在本句中填上合适介词；构成短语：pay some money for something。【例】This is Tom Sawyer, _ whom his teacher is proud.【析】还原：His teacher is proud _ Tom Sawyer.构成短语：be proud of。【例】Can you think of a situation _in_ which this word can be used?【例】Im grateful to him for that advice, _to_ which I owed all my success.练习题一、填入“介词关系代词（即介词+which/whom）：1. The ship, _ _ the Europeans sailed to the American continent, was called the Mayflower.2. The family _ _ I stayed in Rome is coming to England soon.3. He has written a book, the name_ _ I have completely forgotten.4. It is a family of 8 children, all _ _ are studying music.5. Can you suggest a time _ _ it will be convenient to meet?6. The town, _ they came, was in the north of the province.7. Here are some blouses, none _ suits me.8. The fur coat _ _ the lady was dressed was very expensive.9. The emperor, _ _ the palace was built, was very cruel.10. Little Peter had a dream _ _ he was taken to the amusement park.11. He spent a wonderful summer, _ _ he joined us in the camping trip.12. The money, _ _ he bought the bike, was given by his grandfather. 13. The buses, most _ _ were already full, left the school one after another.14. Ann White, _ _ we received the invitation, lives next door to us.15. The story, _ the film is based, is a true one.16. The USA is a large country _ many different dialects are spoken.二、介词填空：1.The speed_ which you drive your car mustnt too high.2.In the park there are many flowers, the color_ which is bright and nice.3.The little girl is reading a book,_ which there are many pictures.4.What were the things_ which he was not too sure?5.They held a meeting,_ which the hospital director made a speech.6.The book,_ which he paid 6 Yuan, is worth reading.7.Is this the man_ whose house the police found the lost colored TV?8.The villagers dug along tunnel_ which they could go to the fields without being found by the Japanese soldiers.9.Wu Dong,_ whom I went to the concert, enjoyed it very much.10.The stories about Long March,_ which this is one example, are well written.三、单选选择：1. He was educated at a local grammar school, _ he went on to Cambridge. （05山东卷）A. from which B. after that C. after which D. from this 2.She was educated at Beijing University, _ she went on to have her advanced study abroad. （06陕西卷） A. after that B. from that C. from which D. after which 3.Gun control is a subject _Americans have argued for a long time. (09陕西卷) A. of which B. with which C. about which D. into which4.Wind power is an ancient source of energy _we may return in the near future. （10山东卷） A. on which B. by which C. to which D. from which5.The settlement is home to nearly 1,000 people ,many of _left their village homes for a better life in the city.(10浙卷)A.whom B.which C.them D.whose6.The English play _ my students acted at the New Years party was a great success. （04全国I） A.for which B. at which C. in which D. on which7. The journey around the world took the old sailor nine months, _ the s ailing time was 226 days. （04广西）A. of which B. during which C. from which D. for which8. Many people who had seen the film were afraid to go to the forest when they remembered the scenes _ people were eaten by the tiger. (05广东卷)A. in which B. by which C. which D. that 9. She showed the visitors around the museum, the construction _had taken more than three years. （11江西卷）A.for which B. with which C. of which D. to which10.The place _ the bridge is supposed to be built should be _ the cross-river traffic is the heaviest. (05江苏卷) A. which; where B. at which; which C. at which; where D. which; in which 11.Eric received training in the computer for one year,_he found a job in a big company.A.after that B.after which C.after it D.after this 12.Villagers here depend on the fishing industry,_there wont be much work.A.where B.that C.by which D.without which13.Last week,only two people came to look at the house,_wanted to buy it.A.none of them B.both of them C.none of whom D.neither of whom14. In the office I never seem to have time until after 5：30 pm_，many people have gone home. A.whose time B.that C.on which D.by which time 15.Whenever I met her,