B 词汇专项讲解与练习.doc

专升本词汇专项讲解与练习B1.backward adj directed towards the back or the starting point 向後的; 向原出发点的:向後一瞥a backward glancehaving made or making less than normal progress 落後的; 後进的: 这个国家中极其落後的地区, 既没有像样的公路也没有电力供应a very backward part of the country, with no proper roads and no electricityback,backward,hind,behind 这些词均有“在后，向后”之意。back 作为副词或形容词时，强调所修饰物的位置以及动作运动方向。backward 可用于人或物，指向后的，落后的或迟钝的。hind 指成对并且分前后的东西的“后面的”。 a dogs hind legs 狗的後腿behind 指一物同它物相对的位置或场所。2. bake v sth (for sb) (cause sth to) be cooked by dry heat in an oven （使某物在烤箱烘烤）:面包正在烘烤.The bread is baking/being baked. 我正在给阿列克斯烤生日蛋糕.Im baking Alex a birthday cake/baking a birthday cake for Alex. (fig infml 比喻, 口) be or become very hot 灼热; 炎热: 今天天气炎热!Its baking today! bake, roast, toast 这些动词均有“烘，烤”之意。bake 指在烤炉里，烘烤，不与火直接接触，用持续的干热，缓慢地烘烤任何食物。roast 一般指在火上烤大块的肉或整只牲畜或家禽。toast 侧重通过烘烤使烘烤之物变成褐色，尤指烘面包、熏肉等。3. bare 1 adj (-r, -st) (a) without clothing 裸露的: bare legs 光腿 (of sth) empty or almost empty (of the expected contents) （指不该空者）空的, 几乎空了的: 空无家具的房间a room bare of furniture attrib 作定语 only just sufficient; basic 仅够的; 基本的: 最低限度的生活必需品the bare necessities of life, barely adv 1. only just; scarcely 仅够; 几乎没有: We barely had time to catch the train. 我们几乎来不及赶火车. * He can barely read or write. 他勉强识字. 2. in a bare way 赤裸裸地; 光秃秃地; 空空地: The room was barely furnished, ie had little furniture in it. 室内几乎没有陈设可言.bare,naked,bald,barren 这些形容词都含“裸露的”之意。bare 指缺少必要的遮盖物。用于人时，多指身体的部分裸露。naked 指全身一丝不挂，暴露无遗。bald 指头上无发，山坡无树无草，树顶无叶。barren (指土地）贫瘠的.着重缺少肥力或生活能力，无草无木，荒瘠不毛。4. bargain 1 n agreement in which both or all sides promise to do sth for each other 协议（双方或各方约定彼此要为对方做的事项）: 若你方经销我们的货物, 我方愿给予你相当大的优惠作为回报.If you promote our goods, we will give you a good discount as our part of the bargain. thing bought or sold for less than its usual price 廉价购买或廉价出售之物: 这可是便宜货Its a bargain, ie It is very good value for money. (idm 习语) a bad bargain对方占便宜的协议; 吃亏的交易. a good bargain自己占便宜的协议; 上算的交易: 5. base v Tn.pr sth on sth use sth as grounds, evidence, etc for sth else 以某事物为另一事物的根据 证据等: 我把希望寄托在我们昨天得到的好消息上.I base my hopes on the good news we had yesterday. esp passive 尤用於被动语态: Tn.pr, Tn.p sb in/at. place sb in (a place from which to work and travel) 把某人安置在（某地进行工作和活动）: 我们大部分工作人员都驻在开罗.Most of our staff are based in Cairo. base,basis,foundation,ground 这些名词均含有“基础”之意。base 侧重指构成或支撑某一具体物体的基础，也可指军事基地或用作比喻意义。basis 主要用作抽象或引申意义。foundation 用于具体意义时，侧重指坚固结实的建筑物的基础或地基；用作比喻意义时，与basis基本相同。ground 含义与basis和foundation接近。一般指某种决定、论点或关系的基础，也可指某种原因的基础。6. blamev Tn, Tn.pr sb (for sth)/ sth on sb consider or say that sb is responsible for sth done (badly or wrongly) or not done 责备; 责怪; 指责; 埋怨; 归咎於: 她把婚姻的触礁归咎於他. She blamed him for the failure of their marriage/blamed the failure of their marriage on him. (idm 习语) be to blame (for sth) be responsible for sth bad; deserve to be blamed 对某坏事应负责任; 应受责备: 这事故是哪个司机的责任?Which driver was to blame for the accident? 决不应该责备她.She was in no way to blame. blame n U (for sth) 1 responsibility for sth done badly or wrongly （对做坏的或做错的事所负的）责任: bear/take/accept/get the blame (for sth) （对某事）承担责任(idm 习语) lay/put the blame (for sth) on sb :blame sb for sth 把某事归咎於某人.7. blast v destroy or break apart (esp rocks) using explosives 用炸药炸开（尤指石头）: 村子被敌人炸弹炸毁.The village was blasted by enemy bombs. make a loud harsh noise 发出响亮刺耳的噪音. (phr v) blast sth away, down, in, etc break something in a specified way by blasting 把某物炸至（某种状况）: The explosion blasted the door open/down/in. 这爆炸把屋门炸开炸倒/炸进屋内. blastoff (of spacecraft) be launched by the firing of rockets （指宇宙飞船）被火箭发射出: Apollo II blasted off at noon. 阿波罗2号於中午发射升空.8. bloom v 1.(a) produce flowers; flower; blossom 开花: Daffodils and crocuses bloom in the spring. 水仙花和番红花在春天开放. (b) (fig 比喻) flourish; prosper 茂盛; 繁荣: Our friendship is blooming. 我们之间情长谊深. 2. (with sth) (a) (of a garden, etc) be full of plants or flowers in bloom （指花园等）长满茂盛的花木: The garden is blooming with spring flowers. 园内春花盛开. in (full) bloom (of plants, gardens, etc) flowering （指植物 园圃等）开花: 玫瑰花开时园内美丽诱人The garden looks lovely when the roses are in bloom. bloom,blossom,flower 这些名词均含“花”之意。bloom 主要指诸如牡丹、玫瑰、梅花、菊花等供观赏的花以及花的状态。blossom 一般指树木开花，尤指果树上开的花。flower 指开放的花朵或泛指花卉。9. boast v (about/of sth): talk (about ones own achievements, abilities, etc) with too much pride and satisfaction 自夸; 自吹自擂:他总是夸耀他的孩子们学习成绩好.Hes always boasting about his childrens success at school. 那没有什麽值得自吹的.Thats nothing to boast aboutboast n 1. (that.) (derog 贬) boastful statement 自夸的话: 他自吹自擂说能喝十品脱啤酒, 但无人理睬他. His boast that he could drink ten pints of beer impressed nobody. 2. thing that one is proud of; cause for satisfaction 引以自豪的事物; 令人满意的原因:他从未请过一天病假, 这是他引以自豪的事. It was his proud boast that he had never missed a days work because of illness. boaster n person who boasts 自夸者.boastful adj (a) (of a person) often boasting （指人）好自夸的. (b) (of a statement, etc) full of self-praise （指言语等）充满自夸的. 10. boundary n line that marks a limit; dividing line 界限; 分界线: 这道栅栏是我的地和她的地的分界线.The fence marks the boundary between my land and hers.border,bounds,boundary,frontier,limit 这些名词均含有“边界，边境”之意。border 多指国与国之间或两地区的分界处，即分界线附近的边缘部分。bounds 常与boundary换用，指土地边界，但意思不如boundary明确，主要用于抽象事物和文学作品中。boundary 侧重地图上正式标定的、双方遵守的边界，也可指较小行政单位间的界线。frontier 指两国接壤的前沿地区，属于各国的国境和边疆，多指设防的边界。limit 含义广泛，常用作复数。指任何界限、范围、分界线外面的部分，可指有形或无形的东西。1. I find this treatment very_ to my health. A. advisable B. beneficial C. invaluable D. worthy2. I dont know why he _ in the middle of a sentence. A. broke off B. broke out C. broke through D. broke away 3. We have to try every means to _ the costs of the construction project. A. bring off B. bring forth C. bring down D. bring back4. Although they plant trees in this area every year, the tops of some hills are still_,A. blank B. hollow C. vacant D. bare 5. Some people would like to do shopping on Sundays since they expect to pick up wonderful _ in the market. A. batteries B. bargains C. baskets D. barrels 6. In a sudden _ of anger, the man tore up everything within reach. A. blast B. spilt C. attack D. burst7. Chinas economic _ will certainly become a positive force contributing to the growth of world economy. A. burst B. boost C. booth D. boom8. Gene therapy and gene-based drugs are two ways we can _ from our mastery of genetic science. A. beneficent B. benefit C. beneficial D. utilize9. Violence_ between rival groups of fans at the end of the game. A. broke through B. broke out C. burst out D. took place 10. The story sounded so funny that all of us_ laughing on hearing it. A. burst out B. burst in C. burst with D. burst on 11. It is much easier to talk about social reform than to _. A. bring it in B. bring it forward C. bring it out D. bring it about 12. It is truth that _ a wild plant into a major food such as wheat requires much research time. A. multiplying B. breeding C. magnifying D. generating 13.This movie is _ on a true story. A. based B. built C. founded D. constructed14. She is _ with a peddler for a necklace. A. arguing B. discussing C. bargaining D. chatting15. She _ aside my objection with a wave of her hand. A. brushed B. swept C. drove D. ordered16. She was at the _ of her career when she found a tumor in her abdomen. A. glamour B. peak C. bloom D. extreme17. The small child is trying to walk but it can not keep its_. A. breath B. rythem C. step D. balance18. The _ of his argument is that the earth is getting warmer. A. base B. basis C. factor D. ethics19. The thieves waited until it was dark enough to _. A. break out B. break in C. break down D. break up20. Many mental tasks _ little relationship to how well a person can fill in a printed test form. A. bear B. own C. possess D. undertake 1-5 BACDB 6-10 DDBBA 11-15 DBBCA 16-20 BDBBAback,backward,hind,behind 这些词均有“在后，向后”之意。back 作为副词或形容词时，强调所修饰物的位置以及动作运动方向。在原处;回原处Joan and I walked back to the college. 我和琼步行回到学校。 向后;后退地Please go back three steps. 请退后三步。 backward 可用于人或物，指向后的，落后的或迟钝的。In some cities housing conditions went backward. 某些城市的住房条件越来越差。 The teacher was patient with backward children. 那位老师对迟钝的学童十分耐心。 hind 指成对并且分前后的东西的“后面的”。 a dogs hind legs 狗的後腿Kangaroos hind legs are enormously powerful. 袋鼠的后腿非常有力。behind 指一物同它物相对的位置或场所。介词 prep. 1. 在.的背后;在.的后面;向.的背后There is a garden behind the house. 屋后有个花园。 2. 落后于,不如George always falls behind his schedule. 乔治老是不能按时完成计划。 base,basis,foundation,ground 这些名词均含有“基础”之意。base 侧重指构成或支撑某一具体物体的基础，也可指军事基地或用作比喻意义。基,底,基部the SThe machine rests on a wide base of steel. 这机器由一个很大的钢制底座支承。 基地,总部Our companys base is in Taipei, but we have branches all over the island. 我们公司的总部在台北,但是全岛都有分公司。 The explorers set up a base at the foot of the mountain. 探险者们在山脚下建立了基地。 basis 主要用作抽象或引申意义。基础,根据;准则(+of/for)The basis of her opinion is something she read in the magazine. 她意见的根据是从杂志里看来的。foundation 用于具体意义时，侧重指坚固结实的建筑物的基础或地基；用作比喻意义时，与basis基本相同。建立,创办UThe foundation of the university took place over 400 years ago. 该大学于四百多年前创办。 基础;基本原则;根据CUThat rumor has no foundation in fact. 那谣传没有事实根据。 ground 含义与basis和foundation接近。一般指某种决定、论点或关系的基础，也可指某种原因的基础。基础,(绘画等的)底子,底材;底色COur friendship is on firm grounds. 我们的友谊建筑在牢固的基础上。 The curtains have white flowers on a blue ground. 这些窗帘的图案是蓝底白花。 (问题所涉及的)范围;研究的领域UThe discussion covered some new ground. 讨论涉及了一些新的领域。 立场,观点UThe book just goes over the same old ground. 那本书只是重复一些旧的说法。 lovely,loving,lovable 可爱的lovely多指物的美好，指人时常因外貌或外形的漂亮给人一种可爱的感觉lovable多指人的性格品行的可爱loving较重于感情，深情的爱可修饰人或物，常用于复合词中There is a lovely view from this window.You loo