2015年职称英语《卫生类C级》真题及答案.doc

2015年职称英语卫生类C级真题及答案第1部分：词汇选项(第115题，每题1分，共15分)下面每个句子中均有1个词或者短语划有底横线，请为每处划线部分确定1个意义最为接近的选项。 1.At midnight,we were aroused by a knock at the door. A.irritated B.awakened C.arisen D.annoyed 2.She was awarded a prize for the film. A.given B.rewarded C.sent D.reminded 3.Smoking will be banned in all public places here. A.forbidden B.allowed C.permitted D.promoted 4.That guy is intelligeng but a bit dull. A.strange B.special C.quiet D.boring 5.She is a highly successful teacher. A.fairly B.rather C.very D.moderately 6.We should not sacrifice environmental protections to foster economic growth. A.reduce B.promote C.realize D.give 7.There is a growing gap between the rich and the poor. A.conflict B.tension C.gulf D.confrontation 8.I am very grateful to you for your assistance. A.helpful B.hopeful C.pitiful D.thankful 9.You will be meeting her presently. A.shortly B.currently C.lately D.probably 10.Attitudes to mental illness have shifted in recent years. A.displayed B.shown C.changed D.demonstrated 11.I have been trying to guit smoking. A.give up B.pick up C.build up D.take up 12.Relief workers were shocked by what they saw. A.moved B.touched C.surprised D.worried 13.The weather is a constant subject of conversation in Britain. A.question B.problem C.title D.topic 14.This is not typical of English,but is a feature of the Chinese language. A.particular B.characteristic C.remarkable D.idiomatic 15.It is virtually impossible to persuade him to apply for the job. A.simply B.almost C.totally D.completely 第二部分：阅读判断(第1622题，每题1分，共7分) 阅读下面这篇短文，短文后列出7个句子，请根据短文的内容对每个句子做出判断。如果该句提供的是正确信息，请在答题卡上把A涂黑;如果该句提供的是错误信息，请在答题卡上把B涂黑;如果该句的信息在文章中没有提及，请在答题卡上把C涂黑。 Are You Getting Enough Sleep? What happens if you dont get enough sleep? Randy Gardner, a high school student in the United States, wanted to find out. He designed an experiment on the effects of sleeplessness for a school science project. With doctors watching him carefully, Gardner stayed awake for 264 hours and 12 minutes. Thats eleven days and nights without sleep. What effect did sleeplessness have on Gardner? After 24 hours without sleep, Gardner started having trouble reading and watching television. The words and pictures were too blurry (模糊). By the third day, he was having trouble doing things with his hands. By the fourth day, Gardner was hallucinating(产生幻觉). For example, when he saw a feet sign, he thought it was a person. He also imagines he was a famous football player. After the next few days, Gardners speech became so slurred(不清楚)that people couldnt understand him. He also had trouble remembering things. By the eleventh day, Gardner couldnt pass a counting test. In the middle of the test he simply stopped. He couldnt remember what he was doing. Then Gardner finally went to bed, he slept for 14 hours and 45 minutes. The second day he slept twelve hours, the third night he slept for ten and one-half hours, and by the fourth night, he had returned to his normal sleep schedule. Though Gardner recovered quickly, scientists believe that going without sleep gerous. They say that people should not repeat Randys experiment. Tests on Gardner have shown how serious sleeplessness can be. After a few weeks without-started losing their fur(皮毛). And even though the rats ate more food than weight. Eventually the rats died. During your lifetime, you will probably spend 25 years or more sleeping. But why purpose of sleep? Surprisingly, scientists dont know for sure. Some sleep in order to replenish(补充)brain cells. Other scientists think body to grow and to relieve stress. Whatever the reason, we know enough sleep. 16. Randy Gardner studied the effects of over over-sleeping. A Right B Wrong C Not Mentioned 17. During the experiment, Gardner slept for two hours every night. A Right B Wrong C Not Mentioned 18. During the experiment, Gardner had trouble speaking clearly. A Right B Wrong C Not Mentioned 19.It took four days for Gardner to recover from the experiment. A Right B Wrong C Not Mentioned 20. Going without sleep is not dangerous for white rats. A Right B Wrong C Not Mentioned 21. Scientists are not sure why we need sleep. A Right B Wrong C Not Mentioned 22. People sleep less than they used to. A Right B Wrong C Not Mentioned 第三部分：概括大意与完成句子(第2330题，每题1分，共8分) 阅读下面这篇短文，短文后有2项测试任务：(1)第2326题要求从所给的6个选项中为第2，3，5，6段每段选择1个正确的小标题;(2)第2730题要求从所给的6个选项中选择4个正确选项，分别完成每个句子。请将答案涂在答题卡相应的位置上。 Exercising Your Memory 1 Aging does not mean a dramatic decline in memory power, unless you help it happen by letting your mind go. 2 Thats not to say that memory doesnt change throughout life. Researchers divide memory into categories based on the length of time when memories are stored. One system divides it up as short-term (less than one minute; remembering a telephone number while you dial, for instance), long-term (over a period of years) and very long-term memory (over a lifetime). 3 Short-term memory isnt mastered until about age 7, but after that you never 10se it. Long-term memory, however, involves more effort and skill and changes more through life. Its not until the early teens (十几岁) that most people develop a mature long-term memory. 4 First, we must get information into our heads through learning. Learning strategies can get rusty (生锈) without constant use. High school and college students, who are forced to repeatedly exercise their long-term memory abilities (at least long-term enough to get them through a final exam), usually do well on memory tests. The longer you stay in school,the more chance you get to polish your learning skills. Its no wonder that more highly educated people have more effective memory skills throughout life. 5 Although older people in general learn somewhat more slowly than they did when younger, a dramatic difference exists between those who stay intellectually active m reading, discussing, taking classes, thinking and those who do not. Giving the brain daily workout (锻炼) is just as important as exercising your muscles. Brainwork keeps your learning strategies in shape, and this helps your memory to function at full capacity. 6 The next part of a healthy long-term memory is retention (记忆力), the ability to store what you have learned. Memory researchers still do not know whether memories are lost whether they still exist in the brain but our mental searching cannot turn them up, or have disappeared entirely as our brain ages. 7 The third necessity for memory is recall, the ability to bring to mind the memories we have stored. Again, while aging has widely different effects on the recall abilities of different people, research indicates that the older we get, the longer it takes to recall facts But slower recall is still recall, in fact, aging does not seem to have any effect on forgetting at all, which takes place at the same rate in younger and older people. 23 Paragraph 3 . 24 Paragraph 4 _. 25 Paragraph 5 _. 26 Paragraph 6 _. A Importance of staying intellectually active B Effects of aging on a persons recall ability C Short-term memory versus long-term memory D Retention as the second necessity for memory E Link between learning strategies and effective memory skills F Significance of exercising your muscles 27 Retention refers to _. 28 The rate of forgetting is the same _. 29 Remembering something all your life _. 30 Exercising your brain every day is beneficial _. A for younger and older people B to the proper function of your memory C is called long-term memory D the capacity to store what you have learned E belongs to very long-term memory F the ability to remain mentally healthy 第四部分：阅读理解(第3145题，每题3分，共45分) 下面有3篇短文，每篇短文后有5道题，每题后面有4个选项。请仔细阅读短文并根据短文回答其后面的问题，从4个选项中选择1个最佳答案涂在答题卡相应的位置上。 Who Want to Live Forever? If your doctor could give you a drug that would let you live a healthy life for twice as long ，would you take it? The good news is that we may be drawing near to that date，Scientists have already extended the lives of flies ，worms and mice in laboratories. Many now think that using genetic treatments we will soon be able to extend human life to at least 140 years. This seems a great idea. Think of how much more time we could spend chasing our dreams，spending time with our loved ones，watching our families grow and have families of their own. Longer life would give us a chance to recover from our mistakes and promote long term thinking, says Dr Gregory Stock of the University Of California School Of Public Health. It would also raise productivity by adding to the year we can work. Longer lives dont just affect the people who live them. They also affect society as a whole. We have war，poverty，all sorts of issues around，and I dont think any of them would be at all helped by having people live longer, says US bioethicist Daniel Callahan.The question is What will we get as a society? I suspect it wont be a better society. It would certainly be a very different society. People are already finding it more difficult to stay married. Divorce rates are rising. What would happen to marriage in a society where people lived for 140 years? And what would happen to family life if nine or 10 generations of the same family were all alive at the same time? Research into ageing may enable women to remain fertile for longer. And that raises the prospect of having 100-year-old parents，or brothers and sisters born 50 years apart. We think of an elder sibling as someone who can protect us and offer help and advice. That would be hard to do if that sibling came from a completely different generation. Working life would also be affected，especially if the retirement age was lifted. More people would stay in work for longer. That would give us the benefits of age-skill，wisdom and good judgment. On the other hand，more people working for longer would create greater competition for jobs. It would make it more difficult for younger people to find a job. Top posts would be dominated by the same few individuals，making career progress more difficult. And how easily would a 25-year-old employee be able to communicate with a 125-year-old boss? Young people would be a smaller part of a society in which people lived to 140. It may be that such a society would place less importance on guiding and educating young people，and more on making life comfortable for the old. And society would feel very different if more of its members were older. There would be more wisdom，but less energy. Young people like to move about. Old people like to sit still. Young people tend to act without thinking. Old people tend to think without acting. Young people are curious and like to experience different things. Old people are less enthusiastic about change. In fact ，they are less enthusiastic about everything. The effect of anti-ageing technology is deeper than we might think. But as the science advances，we need to think about these changes now. If this could ever happen，then wed better ask what kind of society we want to get， says Daniel Callahan. We had better not go anywhere near it until we have figure those problems out. 练习: 1. Which of the following is NOT mentioned as one of the things that living longer might enable an individual to do? A. Spending more time with his family. B. Having more education. C. Realizing more dreams. D. Working longer. 2. Which of the following is implied in the sixth paragraph? A Marriages in the US today are quite unstable. B More and more people in the US today want to get married. C Living longer would make it easier for people to maintain their marital ties. D If people live longer ，they would stay in marriage longer. 3. All of the following are possible effects living longer might have on working life EXCEPT A Communication between employers and employees would be more difficult. B More money would be used by employees in payment of their employees. C The job market would be more competitive. D It would be more difficult for young people to be promoted to top positions. 4. An important feature of a society in which people live a long life is that A.it places more emphasis on educating the young. B.it is both wise and energetic. C.it lacks the curiosity to experiment what is new. D.it welcomes changes. 5. Which of the following best describes Callahan s attitude to anti-ageing technology ? A.Optimistic. B.Pessimistic. C.Reserved. D.Negative. Evidence of Ancient Hunters Russian and Norwegian scientists have reported finding stone objects and animal bones in the far north of European Russia. The scientists say the objects provide the first evidence that ancient hunters lived in the area more than 30 thousand years ago. They say this is at least 15 thousand years earlier than experts had thought. The Russian and Norwegian team worked at a camp along the Usa River and the Arctic Circle. The scientists say they found several ancient stone tools. They also found 123 bones from animals such as horses, reindeer(驯鹿)and wolves.The scientists say their most important discovery was a tusk from an ancient elephant called a mammoth(猛犸). The huge, curved tooth was more than l meter long. The tusk is covered with small cuts. The scientists believe humans made the marks with sharp-edged stone tools.The scientists used a process known as radiocarbon(放射性碳)dating to measure the age of the tusk. Radiocarbon dating shows the level of a radioactive form of carbon in a substance. The tests showed the tusk is about 36 thousand years old. The scientists say they are not sure what kind of humans left the stone objects and bones along the river. They said the people were either early humans called Neanderthals(穴居人,尼安德特人) or modern humans. Modern humans spread through Europe and Asia 30 thousand years ago. The scientists say the ancient people needed a high level of social development to survive in the extremely cold environment. The objects were discovered about 300 kilometers northeast of another area where scientists say humans once lived. That area has objects more closely linked to modern humans. Those objects are believed to be about 28 thousand years old. Nature magazine also published a report by John Gowlett of the University of Liverpool in England. He said the discovery shows the ability of early humans to do the unexpected. He also said the discovery should renew debate about the effects of the climate on the movements of early human population. 1.Before people found stone objects and animal bones in the north of European Russia, some experts thought human beings lived in that area about A.30 thousand years ago B.20 thousand years ago C.28 thousand years ago D.15 thousand years ago 2.The following statements are true concerning the significance of the finding EXCEPT that A.it brings forwards the time in which ancient hunters lived in that area B.it provides the evidence of a high level of ancient human society C.it showed the unexpected ability of the early humans D.it indicates the effect of climate on the movement of early human population 3.Which is the most important discovery among the findings A.A long elephant tusk. B.Ancient stone tools. C.123 bones from animals. D.mammoth tusk covered with small cuts 4.How old is the tusk? About years old A.25 thousand B.28 thousand C.36 thousand D.40 thousand 5.What did the ancient people need to survive in the extremely cold environment A.the ability to do the unexpected B.a high level of social development C.thick clothes D.small animals to feed on Happiness A proverb allegedly (据说) from ancient China was widely spread in the West：“If you want to be happy for a few hours，go to get drunk;if you want the happiness to last three years，get married：if you want a lifetime happiness，take up gardening.”The reason for the last option is this：Gardening is not only useful;it helps you to identify yourself with nature，and thus brings you new joy each day besides improving your health. A research of a US university that Ive read gives a definition of happiness as what makes a person feel comfortably pleased. To put it specifically, happiness is an active state of mind where one thinks ones life is meaningful, satisfactory and comfortable. This should be something lasting rather than transitory. Lots of people regard it the happiest to be at leisure. But according to the study, it is not a person with plenty of leisure but one at work that feels happy, especially those busy with work having little time for leisure. Happiness does not spell gains one is after but a desire to harvest what one is seeking for. People often do not cherish what they already have but yearn for what they cannot get. That is somewhat like a man indulging in dreams of numerous lovers while reluctant to settle down with the woman beside him. Happiness is a game balancing between two ends - what one has and what one wishes for, i.e. ones dream and the possibility to realize it. The stu