论文正文主要引用格式.doc

Chapter OneOrigins of Bronte Sisters Female ConsciousnessEvery writer belongs to a specific period of history though his/her compositions may have a much longer standing, and hence the social conditions of his/her living time have an inevitable influence on him or her. The Bronte sisters are no exceptional, they were born in an age of reforms and the tremendous changes in Victorian time rooted in these reforms. 1.1 Victorian BackgroundThe Victorian Age in which they lived was featured with the cleavage between the wealthy and the poor. With the accomplishment of the industrialization and the development of capitalism in this era, the class antagonism between the proletariat and the bourgeoisie became acute and prominent. Even since the thirties of the 19th century, the struggle between the workers and capitalists became the contradiction in English social life. It is impossible to say when women begin to write fiction. Obviously, however, women are not supposed to pursue writing as the professional activity, as reviewed in Robert Southeys letter to Charlotte Bronte “literature can not be the business of a women life, and it ought not to be. The more she is engaged in her proper duties, the less leisure will she have for it, even as an accomplishment and recreation” (Beer, 1980: 330)有引号的引用，属于原文引用，出处按照（作者（姓），出版年：页码）格式给出。 . 注意标点，放在引用出处括号的后面.oThe Bronte sisters are insisting on their dream and career, paving a way for awakening of women.Among the major social development of the Victorian Age, the change of the womens status should not be overlooked especially when considering those women writers works. However, the majority of women in the Victorian Age is oppressed and discriminated against because of their sex, not because of their class. Since the Victorian women were a little educated, but not well-educated, without any property, they are much less competitive in the marriage market. The middle-class women must make a living by themselves, working as nurses, governesses, and novelists, whose activities were either based in the home or were extensions of the famine roles as teachers, helpers, and mothers of mankind. 大段引用（超过5行的单段），格式如下图；不需加引号，首行不再缩进，times New Roman 5号The women of upper classes either got marriage or chose to accompany their old parents during their lifetime. With regard to the women living in the lower society, married or unmarried, they have no other choice but go out to work as servants. Victorian women are discriminated against not only in domestic life but also in the career of writing. Mrs. Bronte died soon after the birth of their sixth child in 1820. A year later, one of her sisters came to live at the parsonage to look after the children. The young Bronte had their lessons to learn, under the guidance of their father, and their household duties to perform, but for the rest, they were thrown back upon themselves for companionship and upon their vivid imaginations for pleasure and excitement (xx, xx: xx).句点在标注出处之后 大段引用（超过5行的多段），格式如下图；不需加引号，首行缩进2字符，times New Roman 5号(ibid: 页码)同一页中第二次出现同一作者、同一作品的引用时，用ibid代替作者姓和出版年代，只出现页码2.4 Methods of Cooperative LearningResearch on specific methods of cooperative learning began in the early 1970s (Slavin, 1995)如果只是意思的引用，只出现作者和年份即可。. There are many methods of cooperative learning in classroom. The most commonly used methods include jigsaw activity, role-play, topic discussion, debates and group investigation.对于引用是汉语人名的，只用作家的姓的拼音即可。如，(Wang, 2003:31）.参考书目中，还是用汉语给出即可。2.4.1 Jigsaw Activity 正文中引用的格式如出现：Slavin (1995)正文中出现参考的人名，直接将年代跟在后面，句子的最后不需要再标明出处。 suggests the following definition: students work together to learn and are responsible for their teammates learning as well as their own.Liu Runqing (1999:25) said, “.”.l 网络资源如果参考的文章是网上的，