projecttimemanagement项目时间管理.doc

Project Time Management includes the processes required to ensure timely completion of the project. Figure 6-1 provides an overview of the following major processes:项目时间管理包括确保项目按时完成所必须的过程。图6-1概括了下面的主要过程。6.1 Activity Definationidentifying the specific activities that must be performed to produce the various project deliverables.工序定义确定为完成各种可交付成果所必须进行的具体工序。6.2 Activity Sequencingidentifying and documenting interactivity dependencies.工序排序确定工序之间的依赖关系，并形成文件。6.3 Activity Duration Estimatingestimating the number of work periods which will be needed to complete individual activities.关系工期评估评估完成单个关系所需的工作时间的数量。6.4 Schedule Developmentanalyzing activity sequences, activity durations, and resource requirements to create the project schedule.编制进度计划分析工序顺序、工序持续时间和资源需求。6.5 Schedule Controlcontrolling changes to the project schedule.进度控制控制项目进度的变更。 相关图片如下此主题相关图片如下：Figure 6-1 Project Time Management OverviewThese processes interact with each other and with the processes in the other knowledge areas as well. Each process may involve effort from one or more individuals or groups of individuals based on the needs of the project. Each process generally occurs at least once in every project phase.这些过程相互之间以及同其它知识领域的过程交互作用。每个过程包含了基于项目需求的个人或集体的努力。每个过程在每个项目阶段一般至少发生一次。Although the processes are presented here as discrete elements with well-defined interfaces, in practice they may overlap and interact in ways not detailed here. Process interactions are discussed in detail in Chapter 3.尽管这里描述的过程有定义很好的接口，并且是独立、离散的要素，实际上它们以这里未描述的方式重叠和交互作用。第3章中详细讨论过程的交互作用。On some projects, especially smaller ones, activity sequencing, activity dueation estimating, and schedule development are so tightly linked that they are viewed as a single process (e.g., they may be performed by a single individual over a relatively short period of time). They are presented here as distinct processes because the tools and techniques for each are different.在某些项目中，特别是小项目，工序顺序、工序工期和编制进度计划紧密结合，可看成是一个过程（例如，可以由一个人在短时间内完成）。在此分成单独的过程是因为它们所使用的工具和技术不同。At present, there is no consensus within the project management profession about the relationship between activities and tasks:目前在项目管理专业中还没有对工序和任务的区别有一致的看法： In many application areas, activities are seen as being composed of tasks. This is the most common usage and also the preferred usage.许多应用领域中，工序看成由任务组成。这是比较通用的用法也是推荐的用法。 In others, tasks are seen as being composed of activities.在其它领域，任务看成由工序组成。 However, the important consideration is not the term used, but wheth