生物类文章—生长习性 中译英.doc

妙文翻译公司翻译样稿一、栽培技术（一） 生长习性姜原产东南亚的热带地区，喜欢温暖、湿润的气候，耐寒和抗旱能力较弱，植株只能无霜期生长，生长最适宜温度是 25-28，温度低于20则发芽缓慢，遇霜植株会凋谢，受霜冻根茎就完全失去发芽能力。广西主产区大部分县的年平均温度为18-19，7月平均气温为25.3，极端高温为39；一月份平均气温为10.2，极端低温为-4；全年无霜期330天以上。年降雨量900-1300毫米，空气相对湿度为80左右。姜原产热带常绿雨林的森林边缘地带，形成适应稍荫蔽环境的习性，春夏季处于稍荫蔽的环境下生长才能良好。对土壤要求较严，在土层深厚、疏松、肥沃、排水良好的砂质壤土，植株生长良好，粘重或过于松散的沙质土植株生长不良。种姜种植后抽出第一个茎，称为主茎，主茎基部迅速膨大形成第一个根茎，称二田姜、姜田。这个时期称为发芽出苗期。二田姜随着茎叶的增长不断长大，两侧腋芽抽出二个萌蘖，叶片随着舒展，茎部膨大形成根茎，称为子姜。这个时期为姜的幼苗期，以主茎和根系生长为主。进入幼苗期后，很快转入生长旺盛期，萌蘖迅速增加，叶面积急剧增大，根茎重量也猛增，是药用部分形成和生长的主要时期。这时子姜外侧的腋芽又抽出1-2个萌蘖，其茎基部膨大形成新根茎，叫第二次子姜，植株有茎4-5个。进入6-8月气温高的季节，第二次子姜外侧腋芽又抽生1-2个萌蘖，茎基膨大的新根茎，叫做第三次子姜。如此继续分生下去，形成到第五至第六子姜，茎增至10个以上，甚至20个以上。茎愈多，根茎也愈肥大，单株重就愈大，直至茎枯萎才停止。Cultivation Techniques() Growth HabitGinger is originally produced in the tropical regions of Southeast Asia. It likes warm and humid climate and is vulnerable to coldness and drought. Its plant only grows during frost-free seasons; and the most suitable temperature for its growth is 25-28. Germination is retarded at a temperature lower than 20; The plant will wither under frost attack while the rootstalk will be completely deprived of its budding capacity. The main production counties in Guangxi Province feature an annual average temperature of 18-19; an average temperature of 25.3in July with the extreme high temperature of 39; an average temperature of 10.2 in January with the extreme low temperature of -4; and over 330 days of frost-free period per year. Annual precipitation is 900-1300mm; the relative ambient humidity is approx. 80%.As ginger originally grows at the edges of evergreen rain forests, it has developed the habit of accommodation to slightly sheltered settings. It grows well in spring and summer only at slightly sheltered environments. It has stringent requirements for soils; the plant grows well in sandy loams which are thick, loose, rich and well-drained, whereas it does not grow well in sticky or excessively loose sandy soils. The first stalk shoot after planting of seed ginger is called the main stalk; the base of the main stalk rapidly bulges to form the first rootstalk, which is known as the Er-tian-jiang or Jiang-tian. This period is called germination and sprouting stage. The er-tian-jiang bulges as the stalk leaf grows and two sprouts are shot from the auxiliary buds at both sides; the leaves unroll and the stalk part bulges to form a rootstalk, which is known as the young ginger. This period is known as the seedling stage, characterized by growth of the main stalk and root system. The seedling stage is quickly followed by a rapid growth period, in which the number of auxiliary buds increases quickly and the leave size dramatically enlarges, accompanied by drastic increase of the rootstalk weight. This is the main period for formation and growth of its medicinal parts. At this time, 1-2 sprouts are shot from the outer side of the young ginger. The base of its stalk bulges to form a new rootstalk, which is known as the secondary young ginger. The plant has 4-5 stalks. When the high-temperature season from June to August comes, another 1-2 sprouts are shot from the outer side of the secondary young ginger. The new rootstalk with bulged stalk base is called the tertiary young ginger. It multiplies in this way until the fifth or sixth young ginger is formed, with the number of stalks increasing to over 10 or even over 20.The more stalks there are, the larger the rootstalks