初中英语6大时态.doc

初中英语六大时态1、 一般现在时：概念：经常、反复发生的动作或行为及现在的某种状况。用法:1.现阶段经常性，习惯性的动作。例如： I get up at six every morning. He plays tennis once a week.2.现在的状态。例如：My mother is a teacher. She teaches English in a school.3.客观真理。例如：The earth goes around the sun.4）常用于一般现在时态的时间状语： often ，usually ，sometimes ，always ，every day ，never ，in the morning 等连用时。构成：主语是I, we, you, they和名词复数时作谓语的行为动词用原形。主语是he, she , it和名词单数时，动词第三人称单数的变法如下：一般情况s以s, x, ch, sh,o结尾es以辅音y结尾变y为ies主语为第三人称和名词单数时：肯定式:S+V/动词的第三人称单数否定式:S+ dont/doesnt +V+其他疑问式:Do/Does+S+V+其他简略回答:(肯)Yes,S+do/does (否)No,S+do/does not 注意：have的第三人称单数为has 主 语肯 定 式否 定 式疑 问 式第一、二人称和第三人称复数以及名词复数I am a student.We/You/ They are students.He/ She is a student.I / We/ You/ They/ like music.Many people like music.I am not a student.We/You/ They are not students.He/ She is not a student.I / We/ You/ They/ dont like music.Many people dont like music.Are you a student.Are you/ they students?Is he/ she a student?Do you/ they like music?Do many people like music?当主语是第一、二人称和第三人称复数以及名词复数时：肯定式: S + be +否定式: S+ be +not + 疑问式: Am /Is /Are + S+ ?简略回答: (肯) Yes,S + be. (否) No,S + be.2. 现在进行时概念：表示现阶段或说话时正在进行的动作及行为。用法： 1.说话时正在进行或发生的动作（动作是在说话时正在进行）。例如： She is having a bath now. 2.现阶段正在进行或发生的动作（但是动作并不是必须在说话时正在进行）。例如： You are working hard today. Kate wants to work in Italy, so she is learning Italian. The population of the world is growing very fast.3.频度副词always, forever等词连用时， 表示某种强烈的感情。如：He is always trying out new ideas. (表示欣赏，表扬)4.表示按计划即将发生的动作（仅限于go, come, arrive, leave, start, fly, begin, stay 等动词）。如： The party is beginning at 8:00 oclock.5.常用于现在进行时态的时间状语： now ,look,listen等。构成：（1）be+ v-ing v-ing现在分词的构成：一般情况cook-cooking以不发音字母e结尾的单词。去e,加ingmake-making, taste-tasting以重读闭音节结尾的单词，末尾只有一个辅音字母时.run-running, stop-stopping,（2）肯定句、否定句、疑问句形式：肯定句 ： S+be +V-ing否定句：S+be+not + V-ing一般疑问句：Is(Are)+S+V-ing？特殊疑问：wh_+ be + S + V-ing?e.g.主 语肯 定 式否 定 式疑 问 式第一、二人称和第三人称复数以及名词复数I am driving.He/She/It is working.We/You/They are doing something.I am not driving.He/She/It is not working.We/You/They are not doing anything.Are you driving?Is he/she/it working?Are you/they doing something?3一般将来时概念：表示即将发生动作或状态。用法： 1将要发生的动作。构成： 任何人称+will+动词原形.陈述句：（1）I will leave for Beijing tomorrow. （2） He will go with us. （3） We will arrive in Shanghai next week. 否定句: （1） I will never believe you again. （2）He will not come tonight. （3）We will not buy a car next year. 一般疑问句:（1）Will you go there by train? （2）Will he come tomorrow? （3）Will they live a five-star hotel?2将要存在的状态。例如：This time next year I will be in Japan. Where will you be?3打算要做的事。 例如：Are you going to watch the film on television tonight?构成： is/am/are+going to+V原形，表示计划打算做什么事情.陈述句：Im going to go to Kongkong by air.否定句:We are not going to buy a house here.一般疑问句:Are they going to change their jobs?特殊疑问句:How are you going to tell him?4.常用于一般将来时的时间状语：tomorrow, next year, the month after next, in two hours. next week ，in 2016 等。例如：I am going to Hainan tomorrow. 4一般过去时概念：过去某个时间里发生的动作或状态；过去习惯性、经常性的动作、行为。用法：1 过去发生的动作。例如： The police stopped me on my way home last night.2 过去存在的状态。例如：They werent able to come because they were so busy.3. 常用于一般过去时的时间状语： yesterday，three months ago，last year，in 2012，等。构成：S+V-ed （1） 用动词的过去式。作谓语的行为动词的词尾变化如下：一般情况+ed以e字母结尾的辅音+d以辅音字母y结尾去y变ied重读闭音节结尾的单词，末尾只有一个辅音字母 双写词尾字母+ed（2）一般过去时态的肯定句、否定句和疑问句形式（以be和like为例）：主 语肯 定 式否 定 式疑 问 式第一、二人称和第三人称复数以及名词复数I was a student.We/You/ They were students.He/ She was a student.I / We/ You/ They/ liked music.Many people liked music.I was not a student.We/You/ They were not students.He/ She was not a student.I / We/ You/ They/ didnt like music.Many people didnt like music.Were you a student.Were you/ they students?Was he/ she a student?Did you/ they like music?Did many people like music?5、过去进行时概念：.表示过去某段时间或某一时刻正在发生或进行的行为或动作。1.过去某一阶段或某一时刻正在进行的动作。 例如： This time last year I was living in Brazil. What were you doing at 10 oclock last night?2.常用于过去进行时的时间状语： at four yesterday afternoon，then，at that time/moment ，at this time yesterday或以when引导的谓语动词是一般过去时的时间状语等。3.基本结构 主语+was/were +doing +其他 例如：I was doing my homework at that time.4.否定形式：主语+was/were + not +doing+其他 例如：He was not sleeping at 11 oclock last night.5.一般疑问句：把was或were放于句首。(第一个字母大写）Were you watching TV at that time?6.特殊疑问句: 疑问词+was/were+主语+doing +其他 例句： What were you doing at that moment?.构成： was / were +v-ing6、现在完成时概念：1.表示过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响或结果.常与already, just, ever, never, before等词连用. 如: She has never read this novel.2.表示 “过去的动作”一直延续到现在并有可能继续延续下去. 常与for (后跟段时间)或since (后跟点时间)等连用.如:I have been a member of the Party for 10 years. I have been a member of the Party since 10 years ago.注：在有for 和since 引导时间状语的句子中不能用短暂性动词，应用与之相应的表示状态的词。如： He has died for 3 years.(F)He has been dead for 3 years.(T)注：现在完成时不能和表示明确的过去时间连用。如：in 1998, last morning等 have/has been to 表示“去过”（去了又回来了） have/has gone to 表示“去过”（去了没回来了） 如：Where has she gone?(句中所指的人不在) Where has she been?(句中作指的人在)构成： have / has + v-ing现在完成时态的肯定句、否定句和疑问句形式（以be和see为例）：肯定句：S+ have（has）+V-ed 否定句：S+ have（has）+not(havent,hasnt)+V-ed 一般疑问句：Have(Has)+ S+V-ed+？ 特殊疑问句：wh_+have(has)+ S+V-ed+？主 语肯 定 式否 定 式疑 问 式第一、二人称和第三人称复数以及名词复数I /We/You/ They have been here before.He/ She has been here before.I / We/ Y