八年级上册Unit 2 How often do you rcise单元知识点汇总.doc

Unit 2 How often do you exercise?Section A1、 由how构成的疑问词：英语短语中文意思例句how often多久一次询问动作的频率How often do you watch TV?你多久看一次电视？how long多久，询问时间多久How long does it take you from your home to school?你从家到学校需要花费多长时间？how soon多快，过多久询问时间多快How soon will he come back.他要多久回来？how far多远，询问距离多远How far is it from your home to school?从你家到学校有多远？how mucha) 多少，询问不可数名词数量+不可数名词，b) 多少钱，询问价格（单复数由后面的主语确定）How much milk is there in the glass?玻璃杯里有多少牛奶？How much are these socks?这些袜子多少钱？how many多少，询问可数名词数量+可数名词复数形式How many apples do you have?你有多少个苹果？2、 频度副词的意义almost几乎，差不多almost not=hardly几乎不3、 help with housework 帮助做家务 （1） help with sth. 意为“帮助做某事” 拓展：help sb. with sth. = help sb. （to） do sth. 帮助某人做某事 Eg: I often help him with his English. = I often help him (to) learn English. 我经常帮他学习英语。 （2）housework 意为“家务劳动”。不可数名词。 They have housework to do. A. many B. much （3）help oneself to请随便吃/喝 Please help yourself to some cakes.请随便吃一些蛋糕。4、 sometimes、sometime、some time和some times单词词义用法sometimes有时=at times用于一般现在时和一般过去时中sometime某时(时间点)用于一般将来时或一般过去时中some time一段时间可用于多种时态(指时间段)some times几次，几倍表示次数或倍数He was sometimes late for school. 他有时上学迟到。He came here sometime. 他某个时候来过这里。He will stay there for some time. 他将在那里待一段时间。She came home some times. 她回了几次家。5、 hard、hardly和hardly ever单词意思例句harda) adj（形容词）：困难的（=difficult）、硬的；b) adv（副词）：努力地、猛烈地This ground is too hard to dig.这块地太硬，挖不动。They study hard every day.他们每天努力学习。hardlyadv，几乎不，表示否定意义=almost notHe can hardly play basketball.他几乎不会打篮球。hardly everadv，几乎从不，意思大致与hardly等同There is hardly ever any coffee left.几乎没有剩余的咖啡了。6、 use the Internet用互联网use sth to do sth用某物做某事eg：I use a knife to cut potatoes.我用刀切土豆。 短语：on the Internet 在网上 ， surf the Internet 网上冲浪，上网 注意：Internet首字母一定要大写。7、 weekend与weekdaya) on weekends =on the weekend在周末（Saturday星期六，Sunday星期日）（on weekends泛指每个周末，on the weekend特指文中所说的这个周末）b) on weekdays 在工作日（Monday星期一，Tuesday星期二，Wednesday星期三，Thursday星期四，Friday星期五）8、 exercise（1）作不及物动词，意为“锻炼、运动”。 How often do you exercise? 你多久锻炼一次？ I exercise every day. 我每天都锻炼。 （2）作不可数名词，意为“锻炼、运动”，常与动词take连用。 Exercise makes me keep healthy. 运动使我保持健康。John likes taking exercise in the open air. 约翰喜欢在户外锻炼。 （3）作可数名词，意为“练习；操”。 We do morning exercises/eye exercises every day. 我们每天做早操/眼保健操。We do English exercises to help us learn English well. 我们做英语练习以便学好英语。9、 most与most of 的区别：（1）most后可直接跟名词(可数或不可数)，同时，也可接有形容词修饰的名词。 Most boys like playing football. 大部分男孩都喜欢踢足球。I always spend most time learning English.我总是花大部分时间学习英语。（2）most后不能直接跟有定冠词、指示代词或物主代词所修饰的名词，遇到这些情况用most of 代替most。I spent most of my time learning to play the piano last year.去年我把大部分时间都花在学弹钢琴上了。I did most of that difficult work. 那件困难的工作绝大部分都是由我做的。（3）most of 后跟人称代词时，应用复数形式的人称代词宾格。 Most of them are going off to Guangzhou next week.他们中的多数人都准备下星期去广州。（4）most 前有定冠词时，可用来修饰多音节形容词，表示最高级，意为“最”。 This is the most beautiful flower. 这是最漂亮的花。但是，如果most前有不定冠词a，则表示“非常；很”，相当于very。 She is a most beautiful girl. 她是个非常漂亮的姑娘。10、 I go to the movies maybe once a month. 我大概每月去看一次电影。A. go to the movies去看电影B. maybe和may be的区别a) maybe是副词，意思是“也许、可能”，在句中作状语，相当于perhaps，常位于句首。 Maybe she will come this afternoon. 她可能今天下午来。 Maybe you put the letter in your pockets. 大概你把信放在衣袋里了。b) 在may be中，may是情态动词，be是动词原形，两者构成完整的谓语形式，与主语形成系表结构，意为“也许是、可能是”。I cant find my watch. It may be in your pocket. 我找不到我的手表了，它可能在你的口袋里。11、 Whats your favorite program？ 你最喜欢的节目是什么？句型：Whats your favorite.?=What. do you like best？你最喜欢的.是什么？Whats your favorite animal？你最喜欢的动物是什么？= _.12、 Are you free next week？ 你下周有空吗？单词意思例句freea）空闲的，有空的（反义词：busy）be free=have time有空He is free now.他现在有空。b）免费的The tickets are free. 票是免费的。13、 . next week is quite full for me. 下周对我来说相当忙 quite full 很忙，相当忙.单词意思例句full忙碌的Next week is quite full for me. 下周对我来说相当忙。满的，充满的be full ofThe cup is full of water.杯子里装满了水。The bus was full when they got there.当他们到那里时，公共汽车已经满了。饱的I cant eat any more，I am quite full. 我不能再吃了，我相当饱了。14、 How come？ 怎么回事？怎么会？ =Why?本句用来表示对某事感到很奇怪，有点想不通15、 I have dance and piano lessons. 我要上舞蹈课和英语课。 have 在此意为“上课”。单词意思例句have有I have many interesting books.我有很多有趣的书。吃I had bread and an egg for my breakfast.我早餐吃了面包和一个鸡蛋。上课Theyre having an English lesson. 他们正在上英语课。16、 Well ，how about Tuesday？ 哦，那周二呢？a) How about.? (=What about.?) 意为“怎么样？”，用来征求对方的意见。How about this book? 这本书怎样？b) How / What about doing sth. .? 做怎么样？-What will we do on Sunday？ 星期天我们什么？-How about visiting the museum？ 去参观博物馆咋样？Its sunny today，What about _（play）tennis？17、 He plays at least twice a week. 他至少每周踢两次（球）。at least 意为“至少”。其反义词为at most “最多”。次数的表达方式：次数英文一次once两次twice三次或三次以上用基数词+times 如：五次five times几次到几次 to 如：three to four times三到四次几次或几次otr如：three or four times三或四次 每天次：次数+ a day 每天一次：once a day每周次：次数+ a week 每周两次：twice a week 每月次：次数+ a month 每月四次：four times a month 每年次：次数+ a year 每年十次：ten times a year18、 -How often do they stay up late?他们多久熬一次夜？-Never. They always go to bed early.从不。他们总是很早睡觉。a) stay up late熬夜b) go to bed上床睡觉，相当于sleep19、 look after照顾，照看单词意思例句look after照顾，照看，=take care ofShe is old enough to look after herself.她长大了，能够照顾自己了。look at 看 =have a look at Look at the blackboard.看黑板。look for 寻找I am looking for my watch.我在寻找我的手表。look up (在字典等)查找Please look up the news words in the dictionary.请在字典中查找新单词。look around 环顾She looked around before coming into the new house.进新房子之前她先环顾了四周一下。look forward to 期待，盼望I am looking forward to your letter.盼回信。look、see、watch和read辨析：look为不及物动词，后接宾语时须用介词at，指看的动作。see既可做及物动词后接宾语，又可用做不及物动词，着重于看的后果，即“看到，看见”。read多指“看书、报”，这里的“看”实为“读”，可用做及物动词或不及物动词。watch用做及物动词，用来指非常仔细地、有目的和特意的动作，表示“注视，观看，监视”之意。也常用于“看电视，看比赛”等短语中。Section B20、 But my mother wants me to drink it. 但我妈妈想让我喝它。want sb. to do sth. 意为“想让某人做某事”，want sb. not to do sth. 意为“不想让某人做某事”。Eg：She wants me to bring him some pens. 她想让我给她带些钢笔。拓展：a) want sth. 想要某物Do you want any story books？你想要些故事书吗？b) want to do sth. 想要做某事I want to visit my uncle. 我想去看望我的叔叔。c) want后接动词不定式时，相当于would like/love。want (sb.)to do sth.=would like/love (sb.)to do sth.21、 She says its good for my health. 她说它对我的健康有好处。单词意思例句be good for对有益（反义词为be bad for “对有害”）Vegetables are good for you. 蔬菜对你有好处。be good at 擅长.（同义词do well in）（擅长做某事 be good at doing sth）She is good at dancing.她擅长于跳舞。be good with和相处得好；善于和相处Are you good with children?你和孩子们相处得好吗？be good to对友好（同义词：be friendly to）We should be good to our classmates.我们应该对我们的同学友好。22、 keep in good health 意为“保持健康” health是不可数名词，意为“健康(状况)”，常用于“be in good(poor/bad)health”短语中，表示“身体好(不好)”。healthy意为“健康的”unhealthy意为“不健康的”eg： We can keep in good health through exercising.我们可以通过锻炼保持健康。23、 Last month we asked our students about their free time activities. 上个月我们向学生询问了他们业余活动的情况。ask sb. about sth. “询问某人关于某事”ask for要求，请求Eg: I asked my teacher about todays homework. _。 For the watch you lost, please ask the teacher for it. _。24、 Here are the results. 这是（调查）结果。 here 位于句首，句子要倒装。a) 主语是名词，句子全部倒装（主语、谓语倒装）Here is your jacket. 这是你的夹克b) 主语是代词，部分倒装（主语、谓语和陈述句一样，不倒装）Here you are.给你。 25、 twenty percent dont exercise at all. 百分之二十的学生根本不锻炼。a) 百分数由percent来表示，构成：基数词+percent，谓语动词单复数由句子主语决定。Eg：Seventy percent of the boys like playing computer games. 男生中70%喜欢完电脑游戏。b) not. at all 意为“一点儿也不，根本不”。Eg：I dont know about it at all. 对那件事我一点也不知道。c) 拓展：not at all = you are welcome 意为“不用谢，不客气”。Eg：-Thank you for your help.-Not at all.26、 but we were surprised that ninety percent of them use the Internet every day.但是令我们感到惊讶的是百分之九十的学生每天都使用因特网。surprised 惊奇的，感到意外的be surprised at 对.感到惊讶be surprised to do 做某事感到惊奇be surprised that 后接从句【拓展】 surprising 令人惊讶的to ones surprise 令某人惊讶的是27、 Although many students like to watch sports，game shows are the most popular. 尽管许多学生喜欢看运动类节目，但游戏类节目是最受欢迎的。although 连词。意为“虽然，尽管”=though；but 意为“但是”。英语中，although与but不能同时使用。Eg：Although it rained，the boys still played outside.= It rained，but the boys still played outside. 尽管天下雨了，但男孩们仍在外面玩耍。 My cousin knows a lot about geography， he is only four years old. A. because B. so C. although 28、 However, she has some bad habits, too. 然而她也有一些坏习惯。however 意为“然而，不过”。可以位于句首、句中、句末。但要用逗号与句子的其他部分隔开。Eg: She was ill. However, she still went to work. 她病了，然而她依然去上班。辨析：but和howeverbut “然而，但是”。 可直接连接前后两个句子，表转折关系。However “然而，但是”。 不能直接连接句子，必须用逗号与句子隔开。It began to rain, _,we went out to look for the boy. 天开始下雨了，但我们还是出去寻找那个男孩了。 It a sunny morning，_very cold.这是个晴朗的早晨，但是却很冷。29、 The answers to our questions about watching television were also interesting.关于看电视这个问题的答案也同样有趣。a) to做后置定语，翻译时从to后内容往to前内容翻译the answers to questions 问题的答案the way to sp 去某地的路the key to the door门的钥匙b) interesting adj 有趣的，用于形容“物体”interested adj感兴趣的，用来形容“人”be interested in对感兴趣I am interested in learning English.我对学习英语感兴趣。（人作主语）Geography is an interesting subject.地理是一门很有趣的学科。c) also, too与eitheralso 常用语肯定或疑问句的句中，位于助动词、系动词、情态动词之后，实义动词之前。too 用与肯定和疑问句的句末，前面用逗号隔开。either 用于否定句句末，前面用逗号隔开。She is also a clever girl.=She is a clever girl, too.她也是一个聪明的女孩。If you do not go, I shall not go either.你不去，我也不去。30、 It is good to relax by using the Internet or watching game shows, but we think the best way to relax is through exercise. 通过上网或看游戏类节目是很好的放松方式，但我们认为最好的放松方式是通过锻炼。a) 句中it 为形式主语，真正的主语是后面的动词不定式短语。此句型结构为：Its+ adj+（for sb.）+to do sth. 意为 “（对某人来说）做某事是的”。Its very important to listen carefully in class. 上课认真听讲很重要。Its easy for us to swim. 对我们来说游泳很容易。Its very hard for him to study English. _ -I often have hamburgers for lunch.-Youd better not. Its bad for you _ too much junk food. A.eat B.to eat C.eating D. ateb) the best way to do sth 做某事最好的方法c) through通过、凭借、穿过、以，后接名词、代词或动词ing形式。d) 拓展：through、over、across辨析 over指从某物上方“越过、跨过”，比如跨过小河等through指从某个空间或内部“穿过、横过”，比如穿过隧道、森林等across指从某物表面“横过、穿过”，比如穿过马路等（区别cross，cross是动词，across是介词）31、 Exercise such as playing sports is fun，and you can spend time with your friends and family as you play together. 比如进行体育活动这方面的锻炼就是有趣的，当你们一起运动的时候你可以和朋友、家人一起度过时光。a) such as 意为“比如，例如”，后接名词、代词、动词ing形式。I have a lot of hobbies, such as reading and singing. 我有许多爱好，比如读书和唱歌。b) spend 意为“度过” 或“花费（时间、金钱）”。Come and spend the weekend with us. 来和我们一起度过周末吧。c) 重点：1. spend timemoney on sth. 在.上花费时间或金钱He didnt spend much time on his homework. 他没在作业方面花很多时间。I spend 200 yuan on a new coat. _ 2. spend timemoney（in） doing sth. 花费时间或金钱做某事Dont spend too much time watching TV. 不要花费太多时间看电视。He always spend his time playing football. _I enjoy playing computer games,but I cant too much time that. 【拓展】spend, take, cost和pay spend “花费” ，主语必须是人spend time money on sth. 在上花费时间（金钱）。spend time money (in) doing sth. 花费时间（金钱）做某事。 cost的主语是物 sth. costs sb.金钱/时间 某物花了某人多少钱/时间。doing sth. costs sb.时间 做某事花了某人多少时间。例：This coat costs me 100 yuan.这件衣服花了我100元。 take后面常跟双宾语， 常见用法有以下几种： It takes sb.时间/金钱to do sth. 做某事花了某人多少时间。例：It took them three years t