定语从句解及练习(打印).doc

定语从句一、有关定语从句的几个概念1）功能：相当于形容词，修饰名词或代词，在句中作定语 2）位置：定语从句置于被修饰词之后：Those who are willing to attend the party sign here please.3）先行词：被定语从句修饰的名词或代词称为先行词4）关系词：引导定语从句词称为关系代词（that, which, who,whom,whose, as)和关系副词（when, where, why）。 二、定语从句的理解： 用来修饰名词或代词的词称为定语：a tall building the book on the desk anything important the girl in red 以上的定语都是单词或短语，如果定语是句子时，便成为定语从句。I know the girl in red I know the girl who is in red I know the girl. The girl is in red. (两个简单句) （定语从句）I know the girl who is in red. 找出被修饰的词是_。这个词就成为先行词。其中连接两个句子的是_。 它就称为关系词。关系词在从句中指代先行词，并在从句中充当一定的成分，观察上句，关系词在从句中充当_。总结：1、 关系代词和关系副词的三个作用 A，代替先行词B，充当连词 C, 在从句中做成分。2、做好定语从句的方法：看前看后看结构观察下列几组简单句，并试着写出定语从句。I know the woman. The woman is come from France. _He loves the dog. His mother bought the dog for him._This is the soldier. The soldier saved the boys life. _ He was friendly to the stranger. He met the stranger in the street. _Lilly bought the book. The books cover is pink. _The boy studies hard. The boys father is a doctor. _This is the school. My mother works in the school. _I still remember that day. You left for Beijing on that day. _Could you explain the reason? You were late for the reason. _I will never forget the time. I spent the time with my grandparents. 三、熟记如下原则:A：只能用which做关系词的情况：(1) 引导非限制性定语从句，指前面的某事物或前面的整个主句并在句中做主、宾语时。He had failed in the exam, which made his father angry.(2) 在介词后面，用which指代事物。This is the room in which my father lived last year.B：只能用that做关系词的情况：(1) 限制性定语从句中，当先行词被强调，如被any, every, each, few, little, no, some, the only, the very等修饰。 He is the only man that I want to see.(2) 先行词是不定代词all, few, little, much, something, nothing, anything, everything时；He told me everything that he knows.(3) 先行词被序数词或形容词的最高级所修饰或先行词本身就是形容词最高级、序数词时。This is the most interesting book that I have read.This is the first book that he has read.(4) 先行词既有人又有物时。We talked about the persons and things that we remembered.C: whose作关系词既指人又指物，在从句中作定语。 Do you know Mr. Smith whose story is very moving? Do you know Mr. Smith, the story of whom is very moving? There is a room, whose window faces the river.（whose引导定从修饰room）There is a room, the window of which faces the river.There is a room, and its window faces the river. (并列句用and 连接)1) She has two brothers, _ wives are doctors.2) She has two brothers, and _ wives are doctors.D：由as引导的定语从句的几种常见情况：(1) as引导非限制性定语从句，说明整个主句的内容，和which引导定语从句代替整个句子的区别是：which不能放在句首，而as则可以在句首、句中，as有“正如”、“就象”之意，而which则没有此意。They won the game, as we had expected.They won the game, which we hadnt expected.As is well known, he is a famous film star in the 1980s.(2） 限制性定语从句常用于以下四种结构：so .as, such. as, the same.as, as.asHe is not such a fool as he looks.Dont read such books as you cant understand.E: 关系副词when与where、why：when 指时间 = in / at / on / during which；where指地点 = in / at / from / which；why指原因 = for which1）I heard the reason_ he gave .2）I heard the reason _he was late . 3）Is this the factory _ you visited yesterday？ 4）Is this the factory _you worked before？5）I will never forget the days_we spent together_we traveled in America.用适当的关系词填空：1. I still remember the night _I first came to the house.2. Ill never forget the day_ we met each other last week.3. Mr. Black is going to Beijing in October, _is the best season there.4. I will never forget the days _I spent with your family.5. Ill never forget the last day_ we spent together.6. This is the school _I used to study.7. Do you still remember the place_ we visited last week?8. I hope you will find this valley a beautiful place_you may spend your weekend.9. Have you ever been to Hangzhou, _is famous for the West Lake?10. Have you ever been to Hang Zhou, _lies the West Lake?11. Tom will go to Shanghai, _live his two brothers.12. I live in Beijing, _is the capital of China.13. There was a time _there were slaves in the USA.14.This is Mr. John for_I bought a book yesterday.15. The park is a very quiet place _ you can have a rest.16.He lives in the room_window faces to the south.17. This is the way_he did it.18. This is the very novel about_weve talked so much.四：高考题：1. The old town has narrow streets and small houses _are built close to each other. A. they B. where C. what D. that2. She showed the visitors around the museum, the construction _had taken more than three years. A. for which B. with which C. of which D. to which3. Youll find taxis waiting at the bus station _ you can hire to reach your host family. A. which B. where C. when D. as4. She has a gift for creating an atmosphere for her students _ allows them to communicate freely with each other. A. which B. where C. what D. who 5. The days are gone _ physical strength was all you needed to make a living. A. when B. that C. where D. which6. The place _interested me most was the Childrens Palace.A. which B. where C. what D. in which7. Do you know the man _?A. whom I spoke B. to who spoke C. I spoke to D. that I spoke8. The prize will go to the writer _ story shows the most imagination. A. that B. which C. whose D. what定语从句常见考点： 定语从句中的主谓一致：(1) 关系词在从句中作主语时，从句谓语动词的单复数由先行词决定。The man who lives downstairs speaks English fluently.The students who are in Grade 3 are going to climb the hill tomorrow.(2）当先行词为one of the +复数名词时，定从的谓动用复数动词；当先行词为the (only) one of the +复数名词时，定从的谓动用单数动词。He is the only one of the students that is never late .他是学生中唯一从不迟到的学生。He isone of the students thatare never late .他是从不迟到的学生之一。定语从句在改错题中常见的命题方法1. ThebookthatIborroweditfromthelibraryiswellwritten.（去掉it）2. Thehousestoodattheplacewhichtheroadsmeet.（which改为where）3. DidyouseetheyoungmanwhomwaschosentheLeaguesecretary?(whom改为who)4. Weshallvisittheuniversitywheremyfatherteachesthere.(去掉there)5. Canyouthinkofanyonewhoshouseisonapileofrocks?(whos 改为whose)6. ThedaywhichIwastostartarrivedatlast.(which改为when)7. Ihaveknownthereasonwhichsheissoworried.（which改为why）8. Thisisthegirlwhopracticeplayingthepianoevery day.（practice改为practices）9. Thewatchwhichhermothergaveittoherworksverywell.(去掉it)11. IsshethegirlwhohergrandfatherwasaRedArmyman?（who her 改为whose）12. Which is known to all, the earth is round.（which改为as）关系副词相关考点：当先行词为situation, case, point, job, condition等表示情况、方面的模糊化、抽象化的地方并且从句中缺少状语时，常用where引导定从。Can you think of a situation where we can use this word correctly?After graduation she reached a point in her career where she needed decide what to do.the way 做定语从句的先行词时，如果定从中少状语，用that、in which或来引导定语从句。如果少宾语用that 、which 或。如少主语用that、which。I do not like the way that / in which / he spoke to me.The way (that / which )he told us is useful.关系副词= 介词+关系代词 (Prep. + which/whom)：1. The way in which he solved the problem is very good.2. This is the hero of whom we are proud.3. Air, without which man cant live, is really important.基本结构的拓展1. 名词+介词+关系代词This is the teacher whose daughter is a famous doctor. =This is the teacher _ is a famous doctor.Recently I bought an ancient Chinese vase（花瓶）, _ was very reasonable（合理的）. A. which price B. the price of which C. its price D. the price of whose 2. 数词+介词+关系代词(含基数词，序数词，分数和百