S11-英语3-十选九.doc

源于名校，成就所托十选九专题讲解I. Multiple Choices.1. She was widely regarded as the countrys leading authority _ plant diseases.A. underB. beyondC. onD. with2. The auto-man checked the car engine thoroughly but could find _wrong with it. A. none B. nothingC. noD. no one 3. The actual amount of water needed by the crop _ on the weather conditions.A. to depend B. dependC. depending D. depends4. The missing scientist _here, since the villagers are using the farming approach he created. A. should have been B. couldnt have been C. might not have been D. must have been5. If you want to learn English well, it is not half so important to know some grammatical rules _it is to have more practice. A. soB. asC. sinceD. that6. That night, tired , the man went out again to look for help. A. like he was B. though he wasC. as was heD. even he was7. People who have regular physical exercise seldom catch a disease like H1N1 Flu, _?A. dont they B. havent they C. do they D. have they8. It is said that they will represent a greater proportion of purchasing power, _ from 12 per cent of GDP to 20 per cent.A. rising B. risen C. to rise D. being risen9. _ his cool facial expressions, Michael cares more about others emotions and sufferings, which makes him a selfless person. A. Despite of B. Though C. In spite D. Despite 10. In a certain store where they sell puddings, the customers _ to sample them before coming to a decision. A. are allowedB. is allowedC. allowD. have allowed 11. Young adults generally make their own choices about _ career to pursue. A. how B. thatC. whatD. whether12. Mr Smith said that he would delay introducing the scheme because of the demands _ on teachers by other educational reforms.A. madeB. makingC. makeD. to make13.It has arts power to translate, to abstract from the circumstances _ it originates.A. howB. when C. on whichD. in which 14. He appeared to understand, but _ he absorbed every detail I cannot say.A. whatB. whetherC. howD. where15. In China, because of her ancient culture, the tips of chopsticks are usually a little square_ the tails are circular and round. A. when B. unless C. while D. once16. The witness claimed _a man outside the house, but he was not sure whether this was the man. A. to seeB. to have seenC. that he sawD. that he has seenII. Directions: Read the following text and choose the most suitable heading from A-F for each paragraphThere is one extra heading which you do not need. A. The engine in your body.B. The location, size and heartbeat of a heart.C. What happens when the heart beats?D. How does your heart work?E. How do we know about the heart?F. What can a doctor tell by feeling your pulse? 1.79. Your heart is located in your chest, a little to your left. This heart of yours, which is about the size of your two fists held together, beats about 90 times a minute. A grown persons heart beats about 60 to 80 times a minute. The heartbeat is not just the same in all persons, and it is not the same in any one person at all times.2.79. When your heart beats, it is pumping blood to all parts of your body. If you could examine your heart closely, you would see that it is really two pumps placed side by side, and working at the same time. Each pump has two parts, the upper part called the auricle (心房), and the lower part called the ventricle (心室). The auricles receive the blood as it comes into them after it has been pumped through the body. The ventricles pump the blood out. The right one pumps the blood to the lungs and the left one pumps the blood to all other parts of the body. At the top and bottom openings of each ventricle are valves (阀门) which make the blood go in only one direction.3.79. Your heart is sometimes called the engine or the motor in your body and sometimes called the pump. It works away, both day and night. First it pumps out some blood, rests for a few seconds, and then it pumps some more. In a normal day, the heart pumps about 2 500 gallons of blood from the auricles and ventricles.4.79. By using a stethoscope to listen to the heart, the doctor can tell whether your heart is beating evenly and whether the valves are closing tightly. The stethoscope makes these sounds so clear that the doctor can hear them easily. The stethoscope has an earpiece that he places on your chest and tubes that he places in his ear. The earpiece carries the sound or your hearts beating along the tubes to the doctors ears, and it makes the sound seem much louder than it really is. The doctor could listen to your heartbeat by pulling his ear against your chest.5.79. An easy experiment can help you understand what happens when the heart beats. You can do this experiment with a hollow rubber ball. Make a small hole in it, and fill the ball with water through the hole. When you squeeze the ball, you will notice how the water comes out in a spurt each time you squeeze. After each spurt the ball comes back to its round shape again. Something like this happens when your heart beats. The muscles in your heart grow smaller, or contract, and squeeze the blood out of the heart. Each time this happens, we say your heart is beating. Perhaps you have noticed that the doctor places his finger on the pulse in your wrist when you are ill. By doing this he can tell how fast your heart is beating.Presentation 十选九题型讲解I 文章体裁 （2005-2011 上海高考试题为例）年份体裁内容2005说明文介绍特技演员这一特殊职业2006人物传记介绍音乐家贝多芬 Beethoven 2007说明文介绍奥斯卡奖项的由来2008人物传记介绍美国废奴运动领袖 Frederick Douglass2009说明文介绍销售垃圾作为纪念物这一新商机2010科普文介绍大气变化与森林生长之间的关系2011科普文介绍纳米技术在生活中的应用II 题型特点1. 文章篇幅一般在300字左右；词汇运用与完型阅读紧密结合。2. 备选词多以派生词形式出现，故须掌握英语中常用词缀，如-ness, -(t) ion, -al, ment, il-, in-, mis-。08,09,10年备选词出现 restoration, historic, leading, additional, carefully3. 考察三方面：A. 词汇 (以实词为主, 注意词汇基本含义) ；B. 语法 (词性、句子结构分析能力)；C. 逻辑 (上下文的语境)。III. 解题技巧第一步 浏览备选词，把握词义与词性1. 了解备选词的基本含义，注意一词多义情况。如：charge v.F She charged me with neglecting my duty. F The troops charged (at) the enemy lines. F How much do you charge for mending shoes? F Will you please charge the battery for me? F The atmosphere was charged with excitement. F She was charged with an important mission. 2. 同一单词可能有多个词性，不可思维定势。如：visit, access, approach, challenge, change 3. 以-ing/ -ed 结尾的词可能是动词的非谓语形式，也可能是形容词。如：The long cycle ride exhausted her.The exhausted troops surrendered. 第二步 通读全文， 把握主题 使用略读法，找到文章的主题句或关键词，快速把握文章的主旨。在通读过程中，即可从词性角度或语境角度确定某些选项。 第三步 瞻前顾后，斟酌选词 运用语法知识解题1. 分析句子结构，确定所选词的词性，是一大关键2. 熟悉词语的用法，熟记固定搭配 运用基本常识 运用上下文语境 第四步 复核检查， 确定结果 此类题型与完型填空的解答步骤相似，但有区别。相同点：两者都要求考生从整体上把握文章大意，理解上下文语境，不同点：十选九题型可从词性角度入手，排除不需要的备选单词，从而降低解题难度；完型填空则需要认真辨析同一词性的四个选项，选出最符合语境的选项。实战演练Aprobably B. values C. incapable D. lack E. assigned F. put G. ideal H. astonished I. additionally J. common A few weeks ago I was talking to a school inspector in one of the more fashionable districts of Paris. She 1 me by saying that if she had young children today, shed 2 send them to a private school. She had devoted 25 years of her life to the 3 of free public education, but the truth was the state system was in a mess. There are two main problems: state schools in France have to accept whatever teachers are 4 to them by the Ministry of Education. As my school inspector friend 5 it, one year a school may be excellent; three or four years later, half the teachers may be 6 ! That is not very reassuring if youre a parent. Private schools can choose their own teachers. The other problem is discipline or, rather, the 7 of it. Not long ago a school in Birmingham made headlines in Britain because the teachers were being terrorized by their pupils. In the suburbs of low-cost apartment blocks, thrown together in the 1960s on the outskirts of most big French cities, such stories are 8 . Vandalism (破坏他人财产的行为), drug-taking and extortion arent limited to schools in poor areas either. A recent poll found that 88 per cent of French children rate as the biggest problem of their school gangs which spend all their time fighting one another. Small wonder, then, that the private schools, with their emphasis on traditional 9 , are enjoying popularity despite disapproval from Frances new socialist leaders, and competition to get into the best of them has now become intense.Focused PracticeAAactual B. sounding C. memorizing D. combined E. sacrificed F. individually G. comfortable H. reasonably I. practically J. flood For many people today, reading is no longer relaxation. To keep up with their work they must read letters, reports, trade publications, interoffice communications, not to mention newspapers and magazines: a never-ending 1 of words. In getting a job or advancing in one, the ability to read and comprehend quickly can mean the difference between success and failure. Yet the unfortunate fact is that most of us are poor readers. Most of us develop poor reading habits at an early age, and never get over them. The main deficiency lies in the 2 stuff of language itselfwords. Taken 3 , words have little meaning until they are 4 together into phrases, sentences and paragraphs. Unfortunately, however, the untrained reader does not read groups of words. He laboriously reads one word at a time, often regressing (回视) to reread words or passages. Regression, the tendency to look back over what you have just read, is a common bad habit which slows down the speed of reading. Another habit is vocalization 5 each word either orally or mentally as one reads. To overcome these bad habits, some reading clinics use a device called an accelerator (速读器), which moves a bar (or curtain) down the page at a predetermined speed. The bar is set at a slightly faster rate than the reader finds 6 , in order to “stretch” him. The accelerator forces the reader to read fast, making word-by-word reading, regression and sub-vocalization 7 impossible. At first comprehension is 8 for speed. But when you learn to read ideas and concepts, you will not only read faster, but your comprehension will improve. Many people have found their reading skill drastically improved after some training. Take Charles Au, a business manager, for instance, his reading rate was a (n) 9 good 172 words a minute before the training, now it is an excellent 1,378 words a minute. He is delighted that now he can get through a lot more reading material in a short period of time.BA. relaxing B. practices C. therapy D. basically E. get F. painful G. ended H. supervision I. survived J. asleep For Michael Phelps, the winner of eight gold medals in Beijing 2008, out of the water, life has not been the same excitement of first-place ribbons. Phelps was found to have Attention Deficit Hyperactive Disorder (ADHD) (多动症) in elementary school. Homework, especially any kind of writing assignment, was completed only with much parental 1 and frustration. Phelps parents divorced when he was 9. “It was all just a very hard time in Michaels life,” says his mother, Debbie Phelps. She still recalls the transition (过渡) from elementary to middle school as 2 for both her and her son, something they 3 only with a great deal of support from within the school.The water was his 4 . “He is not a sit-still person,” Debbie Phelps says, “but he can swim a lap (一圈) after lap.” The youngest of three children, Phelps grew up following his two older sisters, both talented swimmers, to 5 and meets, often spending early-morning trips 6 in the back of the car, still in his pajamas. He joined the North Baltimore Aquatic Club (N.B.A.C) team at age 7 for the same reason most younger swimmers do: he was always at the pool; he might as well 7 in.When Phelps was 11, the new swim coach at N.B.A.C, Bowman, told his parents that they had to come together for a meeting; he had something important to tell them. Bowman was a sort of swim-world drifter, who had probably seen a wider range of talented young swimmers than anyone in the nation as a result of his seven coaching jobs, in four different states, in the dozen years before he 8 up in Baltimore.What he told Debbie was, 9 that her son was abnormalhe was a genius in the water. CA. option B. action C. experience D. narrowed E. better F. owning G. push H. considerable I. reduced J. examination According to some economists, owning a home is not right for everyone. They say renting offers many advantages, and should be considered a long-term 1 for people of all ages. Renters enjoy flexibility and freedom from the responsibilities of maintenance. Given the often overlooked costs and risks of 2 a home, renting is in many cases a wise financial choice. And the 3 of a place like Switzerland a well-functioning country with only about a 35 percent rate of owning a home suggests that rental housing itself does no harm to society.Some analysts propose ending or limiting the mortgage interest tax deduction (抵押贷款利息税减免), which provides 4 tax breaks (优惠) for homeowners. Others favor greater security for renters or tax deductions for renters, which a few states, such as Massachusetts, already offer. The MacArthur Foundation has taken a major 5 to preserve affordable rental housing in 12 states, including Massachusetts. In 2009, renting supporters successfully fought additional incentives (刺激) for homeownership, and they continue to 6 for a balanced housing policy. Certainly, owning a home still has staunch defenders. Renting is often laughed at, especially by real estate agents, as “throwing money away”. But upon close 7 , the best financial decision is far from clear, and its impossible to generalize (归纳). Buying involves paying property taxes, as well as the cost of repairs, mortgage payments, and mortgage interest. Some financial analysts say that in terms of profits, individuals would often be 8 off renting and using the money saved to invest in stocks. According to a report, a $100 investment in a home in 1985 would have paid off $ 210 by 2008, but if the same amount had been invested in stocks, it would have grown to $ 710. (Of course, the recent drop in stock values likely t 9 he gap.)历年上海高考真题2011年高考题A. launched B. unpleasant C. applying D. technically E. impactF. coating G. fixed H. miraculously I. superior J. advancesHow would you like to wear the same underwear (内衣裤) for weeks? Owing to the work that has gone into developing intelligent materials, this may not be as 41 as it sounds. Self-cleaning clothes have now been created, and these new materials provide 42 resistance to dirt as well as water. As a result, they require much less cleaning than traditional materials.The creation of self-cleaning clothes provides an example of how nature helps scientists develop better products. This self-cleaning nature is known as the “lotus effect”. The name comes, of course, from the lotus leaves, which are famous for growing in muddy lakes and rivers while remaining almost 43 clean. By observing nature, scientists are 44 the qualities of the lotus leaves to the materials they have engineered. Because of this, some remarkable new products have been 45 . Among them are special windows that are resistant to dirt and water. A special 46 on these windows not only prevents dirt from sticking to their surfaces, but also allows dust to be easily washed off by the rain. In fact, these new windows have already been 47 to some cars. Even when traveling at high speed through rain, these cars never have to use their windshield wipers (雨刮器).Although we have already seen some practical applications, even more dramatic 48 will be made in the future, and they will, perhaps, change our world completely. Undoubtedly, technology is an important development, and it will have an even bigger 49 on our lives.2010年高考题A. additional B. producing C. regular D. predicted E. identifiedF. atmosphere G. matched H. reducing I. carried J. increaseForests in the northern half of the globe could be growing faster now than they were 200 years ago as a result of climate change, according to a study of trees in eastern America. The trees appear to have faster growth rates due to longer growing seasons and higher concentrations (浓度) of carbon dioxide in the _41_.Geoffrey Parker, a scientist at the Smithsonian Environmental Research Centre in Edgewater. Maryland, said that the increase ha the rate of growth was unexpected and might be _42_ to the higher temperatures and longer growing seasons documented in the region. The growth may also be influenced by the significant _43_ in atmospheric CO2, he said.We made a list of reasons these forests could be growing faster and then excluded half of them, Dr. Parker said. Their study suggests that northern forests may become increasingly important in _44_ the influence of man-made CO2 on the climate.Dr. Parker and his colleagues have _45_ out a detailed record of the trees on a(n) _46_ basis since 1987. They calculated that due to the global warming the forest is p