英语单项知识的讲解与练习(80).docx

英语单项知识的讲解与练习（80）396. addition的用法addition (n)增加、加、加法、增加物；additional adj.另外的, 附加的, 额外的;例句：Inadditionto a diet, she pursues various exercises on TV.节食以外她还随电视做体操。Inadditionto an album, I gave him a pen and a pencil.除了一本照相簿外，我还给了他一支钢笔和一支铅笔。They eat a great deal of fruit inaddition.他们还吃大量的水果。Additionand division are forms of computation.加法和除法都是计算方法。The little girl is not very clever ataddition.这个小女孩不太善于做加法。短语：in addition另外；in addition to除之外,类似的：apart from; except; except for; besides; do addition做加法；make addition扩充；simple addition简单的加法；useful addition有用的添加；addition of flour加面粉；addition to对的添加；用法：inadditionto意为“加在上”或“不但”，其中to是介词，在这不代表不定式，因此用inadditionto doing this,而不是inadditionto do this。addition的基本意思是“加”,指将两个或两个以上的人或事物合在一起,作此解时为不可数名词,但有时其前可加不定冠词,作“加法”解。addition也可指“增加的人事物”,指在原有的基础上增加的人或物,此时为可数名词。练习：Dr Bake is a professor of physics. _, he is a famous writer. A. In all B. In brief C. In fact D. In addition_ the price, the dress doesnt suit me. A. Apart from B. In addition C. Except for D. ExceptI know nothing about the young lady _ she is from Beijing. A. except B. except that C. except for D. in additionYou must remember that there are six other applicants _ the names on the list. A. in addition B. except C. in addition to D. except for397. admire的用法admire钦佩、羡慕、欣赏。admission 允许进入；入场费；门票；承认;例句：You may not like him, but you have got toadmirehis persistence.你可以不喜欢他，但你不得不佩服他那种坚韧不拔的精神。Weadmirehim for his righteousness.我们钦佩他的正直。VisitorsadmireBeijing for its beauty.观光者赞赏北京的美丽。There is no man who does notadmirehim.没有人不羡慕他的。短语： admire somebody for something/ doing something 因某事佩服某人；admire to be a soldier 想当兵；admire to do something 很想做某事；by/ on ones own admission 正如某人自己所承认的；express admiration for sb.对某人表示钦佩; have great admiration for sb.十分钦佩某人; in admiration of表示钦佩; with/in admiration心怀钦佩地; 用法：admire的基本意思是表示主语(人)对某人、物或事物的尊重或喜爱的感情,即“赞美、赞赏、称赞”; 也可表示承认其优越性和超人之处,即“钦佩”。口语中有时含有“奉承”的味道,也可用作反语,表示一种讥讽的口气,在古语中还可表示“惊奇,难以想象”。admire语气较强,多用于一般时态,可用作及物动词,也可用作不及物动词。用作及物动词时后接名词、代词或动名词作宾语,有时还可接以as短语充当补足语的复合宾语。在表示“钦佩某人的”时常用admire for v -ing结构。在美式英语或英国一些方言中admire可以接动词不定式作宾语,但不表示“钦佩”“赞赏”,而表示“高兴做某事”,相当于like, wish。admire后接名词，不能接that从句。如：I admire his learning.句子最好别换成I admire that he is learned下面的两种表达方式均可：I admire his learning. /I admire him for his learning.比较：admire 是对某人(物)怀有钦佩、羡慕等情感。 admire 后只能跟名词、代词、动名词作宾语，不能跟从句。如：I admire your frankness. praise是把这种情感表达出来，通常是说出。如：The teacher praised the student for his diligence.练习：(1). 单项填空：Not only is Madam Curie admired _ a great scientist, but she is also remembered _ her determination and courage, her willingness to share her knowledge. A. for; as B. for; for C. as; for D. as; as Being the first Chinese to go around the earth in a spaceship, Yang Liwei is _ for his great courage. A. encouraged B. admired C. apologized D. excused After she made herself up, she _ herself in the mirror. A. found B. showed C. admired D. enjoyedWhat was she doing when you visited her? She was _ herself in the mirror. A. enjoying B. admiring C. devoting D. seeingHe _ me by his wonderful speech. A. admired B. amazed C. wondered D. Advised(2). 完成句子Stop looking in the mirror _ (自我欣赏).Visitors to Beijing usually _ (钦佩那里的警察).Our school is widely _ (羡慕) its excellent teaching .398. amount的用法amount总数、数量、数额。例句：The total cost of repairsamountedto 100 dollars.修理费用总计一百美元。Her answeramountedto a complete refusal.她的答复等于是完全拒绝。A petrol gauge shows theamountof petrol left in a car.汽油表指示出汽车里所剩汽油数量。He has a largeamountof mail to answer every day.他每天有大量的信件要回复。短语：the amount of + (U) 的总数量；a large amount of + (U)大量的；amount to合计、等于、成为，后跟名词、动名词；above a certain amount超过一定数额；beyond this amount超过这个数目；in amount总之，总计；in large amounts大量的；more than 1000 in amount总额超过一千英镑；salary of this amount这个数目的薪金；to the amount of总计达；表示数量的短语及用法：a great deal of，a largesmallhuge amount of+不可数名词(作主语时，谓语用单数形式)largevast amounts of+不可数名词(作主语，谓语用复数形式)many，a goodgreat many，a number of，large numbers of，a few，dozens of，scores of+可数名词复数(作主语，谓语用复数形式)plenty of, a lot of+可数名词复数(作主语，谓语用复数形式)；也可接不可数名词(作主语，谓语用单数形式）a large quantity of+名词，large quantities of+名词（作主语，谓语与quantity一致）用法：amount后可接介词to。如：The expenses amount to ￥50.amount后也可接动名词，要注意不要与不定式混淆。如：That amounts to saying that he is a genius. saying不可改成say。做名词时，只能用作不可数名词，如能说a largeamountof literature，不能说 a largeamountof books。amount 用于表示“量”“额”，如重量、金额等。amount of后一般接不可数名词，有时也可接复数可数名词，此名词被视为某一“总量”或“综述”。短语 in the amount of (总共为)可以 of 或 for 代之；to the amount (总共达)可以 to 代之。但如接款项数字大的总数，一般用 into the amount of。amount用作动词的基本意思是“合计,共计”,引申可指“等同,接近”。amount是不及物动词,常与介词to连用。练习：Although a large amount of good medicine _ used on the patient, he still had no rapid response _ the treatment. A. had; to B. had been; for C. was; to D. has been; for Although a large _ of money was used and a _ of doctors and nurses lost their lives in fighting against SARS, Chinese people were able to win the battle in the end. A. number; amount B. amount; number C. number; number D. amount; amount This type of car is being produced _ to meet the increasing demand. A. on large quantities B. on a large scale C. for large numbers D. with large amountsWhats the _ amount of wine you are allowed to take through customs duty free? A. big B. large C. great D. maximumBecause of _ mail we receive，we may not be able to reply to your letter.Please remember to include your full name with your letter. A. a great many of B. a large number of C. a large amount of D. a great plenty of399. conform的用法conform vt.使一致, 使遵守, 使顺从; vi.符合, 相似, 适应环境; adj.一致的, 顺从的; 例句：His ideas do notconformto mine.他的想法和我的不一致。He doesntconformto the usual stereotype of the city businessman with a dark suit and rolled umbrella.他不像典型的城市商人那样，穿一身深色的套服、 带一把收好的雨伞。She refused toconformto the normal social conventions.她拒绝遵从正常的社会习俗。She left home to escape the pressure toconformto her familys way of life. 她离家出走以求摆脱她家生活方式对她的束缚。Students are required toconformto the rules.学生被要求遵守规则。短语：conform artificially不自然地遵守；conform artistically精巧地符合；conform complacently得意地符合；conform to顺应；用法：conform的基本意思是“使与相符合或一致”,多指人的行为与规则、规章、指令等一致,也可指理论、状态、习俗、思想等“与相符合”,引申可表示为“遵守”“顺从”等。conform既可用作及物动词,也可用作不及物动词,常与介词to或with连用,表示“顺应”“相符”等。conform的宾语后接介词to，表示“使与相符合或一致”。如：He had to conform his conduct to the rule. 后接介词to，表示“遵从、与一致”。如：Most people willingly conform to the customs of society.练习：In Britain today women _ 44% of the workforce, and nearly half the mothers with children are in paid work. A. make up B. build up C. stand for D. conform to Students can be expelled for refusing to _ to school rules. A. conformB. confine C. confirm D. confuseI dont know whether what she said is true, but Ill try to _ it. A. conform B. confirm C. confess D. confineE-mail is a convenient, highly democratic informal medium for conveying messages that _ well to human needs. A. adheres B. reflects C. conforms D. satisfies All the students have to _to the rules and regulations of the school.A. confirmB. confrontC. confineD. conformAs visiting scholars,they willingly _ to the customs of the country they live in. A. submit B. conform C. subject D. commit400. cite的用法cite vt.引用, 引证, 提名表扬; 例句：The lawyerciteda previous case to support his argument.律师引用了以前的案例来支持他的论点。Its no usecitingthe Bible to somebody who doesnt believe in God.对不信上帝的人引用圣经的话是没用的。Ill justcitesome figures for comparison.我要引用一些数字作比较。Can youciteanother case like this one?你能举出与此相似的另一个例子吗?As a proof of this I mayciteseveral facts.我可以举几件事实来证明这个。短语：cite sth as instance举某物为