外研版高中英语必修3课文翻译英译中.doc

3MODULE 1 EuropeRead the passage and match the photos with these descriptions.a landmark in Parisan art gallery in Florencea church in Barcelonaa building in AthensThe Eiffel TowerThe ParthenonThe Uffizi PalaceThe Sagrada FamiliaGreat European CitiesPARISParis is the capital and largest city of France,situated on the River Seine. It is one of the most beautiful cities in the world and is visited by more than eight million tourists every year.The most popular place for tourists is the Eiffel Tower, the famous symbol of Paris. One of the worlds largest art galleries,the Louvre,is also located in Paris.The city is also famous for its restaurants, cafes and theatres. About two-thirds of Frances artists and writers live in Paris.BARCELONABarcelona is the second largest city of Spain and is situated on the northeast coast, about five hundred kilometers east of the Spanish capital,Madrid.One of Barcelonas most famous landmarks is the Church of the Sagrada Familia, which was designed by an architect called Antonio Gaudi.?Gaudi worked on the project from 1882 until his death in 1926. The church hasnt been finished yet!18821926FLORENCEFlorence is an Italian city which became famous because of the Renaissance, a great artistic movement which began in the 1300s and lasted for three hundred years.13During the Renaissance, some of the greatest painters of all time lived and worked in Florence.Many of Florences most beautiful paintings and sculptures were produced by great artists such as Leonardo da Vinci and Michelangelo.?Florence is visited each year by about a million tourists who come to see the art galleries,churches and museums.The Uffizi Palace is the most famous art gallery in the city.ATHENSAthens,the capital of Greece,is known as the birthplace of western civilisation.Two thousand four hundred years ago,it was the worlds most powerful city.2400Buildings such as the Parthenon on the Acropolis Hill were built during this period.Greeces best writers lived in ancient Athens. Their work has influenced other writers ever since.Module 2 Developing and Developed CountriesRead the passage.Answer these questions.What did world leaders agree to do in 2000? 2000What does the Human Development Index measure? What are the first two Development Goals? What progress have we made towards these goals? What do developed countries need to do? The Human Development ReportIn the year 2000,147 world leaders agree to work together to reduce poverty by 2015 or earlier. From this agreement came the Human Development Report.20001472015One of the most important sections of this report is the Human Development Index.This examines the achievements of 175 countries.175The Index measures a countrys achievements in three ways:life expectancy (how long people usually live),education and income.The index has some surprises.Norway is at the top of the list,while the US is at number 7.The other top five countries are:Iceland (2), Sweden (3), Australia (4), the Netherlands (5).The UK is in the thirteenth position,while China is in the middle of the list.The bottom ten countries are all African countries,with Sierra Leone (in West Africa) at the bottom of the list.The report describes eight Development Goals.The most important goals are to:reduce poverty and hunger;make sure that all children have education up to the age of 11;11fight AIDS and other diseases;improve the environment of poor people, e.g. make sure they have safe drinking water;encourage developed countries to give more help to other countries.The 2003 Human Development Report gives examples of successful development. For example, in nine years(1953-1962),China increased life expectancy by 13 years.20031953-196213In the last ten years in China, 150 million people moved out of poverty. However, the challenges are still great.1.5Every day 799 million people in developing countries are hungry. Over half of these are in South Asia or Africa.7.99Although more than 80% of children in developing countries go to primary school, about 115 million children are not being educated.80%1.15More than 1 billion people in developing countries do not drink safe water.However, in other regions of the world, e.g. Eastern Europe,water is now mostly safe to drink.The report shows that we are making some progress but that we need to make greater efforts.Although developed countries give some financial help, they need to give much more.Interestingly, the countries that give the most money are the Netherlands, Norway and Sweden.These are among the five richest countries in the world, so it is right that they should do so.MODULE 3 The Violence of NatureRead about the Gulf Stream and check the meaning of the words.current flow latitude The Gulf Stream is a warm ocean current which starts in the Gulf of Mexico and flows northeast across the Atlantic. It also travels past the east coast of the United States towards eastern Canada. It is one of the strongest currents anywhere in the world. Because of the Gulf Stream, The United Kingdom and other places in Europe are much warmer than parts of Canada on the same latitude.What is a current?A kind of electricity.A movement of water.A kind of wind.What kind of things flow?Water.Time.Money.Read the passages on page 23 and answer these questions.23How strong are tornado winds?What can happen to furniture when a house is destroyed by a tornado?How many tornadoes are there in the US every year? How many people died in the worst tornado of all time? What happens at sea during a hurricane? When was the worst hurricane of all time? Was the actor Charles Coghlan killed in it? ?What happened to him after the hurricane? What Is a Tornado?A tornado is a rotating column of air from a thunderstorm to the ground.The most violent have winds of more than 400 kilometres per hour.400Almost all of them occur in the US, in the area from Texas in the southeast to South Dakota in the north.Tornadoes can pick up cars, trains and even houses and put them down in the next street-or even in the next town.They can take the fur off the back of a cat and the feathers off a chicken.They can destroy houses, but leave the furniture inside exactly where it was.On average, there are 800 tornadoes in the US each year, causing about 80 deaths and 1,500 injuries.800801500The worst tornado of all time occurred in 1925, affecting three US states: Missouri,Illinois and Indiana.1925By the time it ended, more than 700 people had been killed and 2,700 had been injured.7002700What Is a Hurricane?Hurricanes are strong tropical storms, and they usually occur in the southern Atlantic Ocean, the Caribbean Sea and the Gulf of Mexico.There are violent winds of 120 kilometres per hour or more, which cause huge waves, heavy rain and floods.120There are on average six Atlantic hurricanes each year and they usually affect the east coast of the US from Texas to Maine.6The worst hurricane disaster of all time occurred on the 8th September 1900 in Galveston, Texas.190098Winds of 200 kilometers per hour and five-metre high waves hit the city.2005The disaster killed 6,000 people in a population of 37,000 and destroyed 3,600 buildings.3700060003600An Extraordinary EventThis is a story about the 1900 Galveston hurricane.1900Charles Coghlan was a nineteenth-century Irish actor who went to live in Canada.?19He then moved to New York, where he became famous. By the late 1890s, he had moved to Galveston, where he died in 1899, a year before the hurricane struck.19901899The cemetery where Coghlan was buried was destroyed by the hurricane and Coghlans coffin ended up in the sea.Eight years later, the coffin was found by fishermen in the sea near his home on Prince Edward Island in the east of Canada.The Gulf Stream had carried it 3,000 kilometres up the eastern US coast to Prince Edward Island.3000Coghlan travelled back to Canada-after he had been buried in Texas!MODULE 4 Sandstorms in AsiaREADING AND VOCABULARYLook at the photo. Answer these questions.What is happening?What is the cyclist wearing and why?What do you think happens to traffic in this situation? Why?What do you think experts advise people to do in this situation?Sandstorms in AsiaSandstorms have been a major disaster for many Asian countries for centuries.Scientists have tried many ways to solve this problem and in China, a mass campaign has been started to help solve it.Sandstorms are strong, dry winds that carry sand. They are often so thick that you cannot see the sun, and the wind is sometimes strong enough to move sand dunes.The four main places in the world where there are sandstorms are Central Asia, North America, Central Africa and Australia. Ren Jianbo, from Inner Mongolia described a terrible sandstorm he experienced as a child in the desert.To have been caught in a sandstorm was a terrible experience, he said. There was nothing to be done.,It was the most frightening and the most dangerous situation Ive ever been in. You just had to hope youd survive. I thought I was going to disappear under the sand.Northwest China is part of the sandstorm centre in Central Asia. Sandstorms begin in desert areas.Sandstorms in China appear to have increased in recent years as a result of desertification.This is a process that happens when land becomes desert because of climate changes and because people cut down trees and dig up grass.Sandstorms sometimes affect Beijing. Citizens wake up to an orange sky and strong winds that cover the city in a thick, brown-yellow dust.The storms sometimes continue all day and traffic moves very slowly because the thick dust makes it difficult to see.The Chinese Central Weather Station can forecast a sandstorm some weeks before it arrives in Beijing, but the strength of the storm sometimes surprises people.When a sandstorm arrives in the city, weather experts advise people not to go out. Huang Xiaomei, who lives in Beijing says,To be cycling in a sandstorm is frightening. The winds are very strong. Its difficult to breathe and the dust makes me ill. So if you want to go out, youd better wear a mask. The desert is only 250 kilometres away to the west of Beijing. To prevent it coming nearer, the government is planting trees.250Already the government has planted more than 30 billion trees and plans to continue planting for the next five years.MODULE 5 Great People and Great Inventions of Ancient ChinaRead Philosophers of Ancient China and match the words with the definitions.order(n) bring up found(v) principle belief an idea that influences the way you behaveto start an organisation or philosophythe feeling that something is true and existswhen people obey laws and rules and do not cause troubleto look after children until they are adultsFind the words and phrases in the passage that match these definitions. gave a lot of importance to $job 8doing what he suggested Xtell your employer that you are going to leave your job 9someone who gives advice :having a lot of influence TRead the passage again. Choose the correct answers. hCheck your answers to Introdu