一轮复习讲义5(M2U1-M2U3知识点).doc

一轮复习讲义5: M2U1-M2U3 知识点 _M2U1:1. 生还/存在(vi.); 幸存于/比活得长(vt.) survive幸存/生存(n.) survival;幸存者(n.) survivor在地震中幸存下来survive an earthquakeA比B多活三年A survives B by three years2. 寻找/搜寻 (be) in search(名词) of search(动词) for/(be) in ones/the search(名词) for搜某人的身search sb.;寻找某人search for sb.他们一大早就动身去寻找丢失的孩子。They set off/set out in the early morning to search for/in search of/in their search for the missing/lost child.3. 挑选/选择(vt.) select4. 设计/图案/构思(n.); 设计/计划/构思(vt.) design故意地by design/on purpose;在设计上in design为设计/供使用be designed for被设计用来做/目的是 be designed to do sth.打算用作 be designed as5. 奇特的/异样的(adj.);想象/喜欢/以为/想要(vt.) fancy想象(某人)做某事fancy/imagine (sb./sb.s) doing sth.真想不到在这儿遇见你！Fancy meeting you here!6. 装饰/装修(vt.) decorate;装饰(n.) decoration用A装饰B decorate B with A7. 属于(无被动, 无进行) belong to这本书是我的。The book belongs to me.(谓语)中国是一个属于第三世界的国家。China is a country belonging to the Third World. (定语)8. 作为报答/作为回报(作状语) in return/in reward为了答谢/作为对的回报in return for in reward for/as a reward for依次地/轮流地/反过来/转而in turn理论建立在实践的基础上并反过来服务于实践。Theory is based on practice and in turn serves practice.9. 处于(与)交战状态(be) at war (with)10. 移动/搬开(v.) remove开除某人/勒令某人退学remove sb. from school11. 少于less than;超过/不仅仅/非常 more than不少于not less than;不多于not more than多达(强调多) no less than;仅仅(强调少) no more than或多或少more or less;除了other than而不是rather than;更确切地说or rather宁愿做A事也不愿做B事 prefer doing A to doing Bprefer to do A rather than do B在不到两天的时间里 in less than two days12. 怀疑(n. & vt.) doubt毫无疑问 There is no doubt that对有些疑问There is (some) doubt whether我怀疑 I doubt whether/if我不怀疑 I dont doubt that没有必要做某事 There is no need to do sth.13. 相当于价值(prep.); 价值(n.); 值钱的(adj.) worth(很)值得做某事be (well) worth doing sth. (主形表被意)= be (well) worthy of being done/to be done= It is worthwhile to do sth./doing sth.值 be worth + n./be worthy of + n.这首音乐值得听。The music is well worth listening to.The music is well worthy of being listened to.The music is well worthy to be listened to.It is worthwhile to listen to the music.It is worthwhile listening to the music.14. 分离地/分别地(adv.) apart拆开take apart; 带走 take away; 接管take overtake on雇佣新员工/呈现新面貌take in 吸收/理解/欺骗/包括/改小take up 拿起/接受(挑战)/占用/继续/从事/喜欢上take off飞机起飞/事业腾飞/脱掉衣帽辨认/区别A与B tell A and B apart15. 爆炸(v.) explode;爆炸(n.) explosion16. 下沉/沉下(v.) sink, sank/sunk; sunk/sunken17. 看重/器重/高度赞扬think highly/well/much of对评价不高think badly/poorly/little of注意: “think highly/well/much of”的被动语态为: “be highly/well/much thought of”。18. 文化的(adj.) cultural;文化(n.) culture19. 遗物/遗址/纪念物(n.) relic文化遗址/文物cultural relics/a cultural relic20. 稀罕的/稀有的/珍贵的(adj.) rare难得/很少(adv.) rarely (放在句首时引起部分倒装)从那以后我很少再看到他。Rarely have I seen him since then.21. 贵重的/有价值的(adj.) valuable;价值(n.) value无价值的/没有用的(adj.) valueless无价的/极其贵重的(adj.) priceless/invaluable很贵重 be very valuable = be of great value22. 花瓶/瓶(n.) vase;23. 朝代/王朝(n.) dynasty24. 使吃惊/惊讶(vt.) amaze;惊奇(n.) amazement令人吃惊的(adj.) amazing;吃惊的(adj.) amazed使某人感到很吃惊的是to ones great amazement much to ones amazement吃惊地/惊奇地in amazement/in surprise25. 蜜/蜂蜜(n.) honey;26. 组/群/军队(n.) troop27. 风格(n.) style;用别致的风格in the fancy style28. 珠宝/宝石(n.) jewel;29. 艺术家(n.) artist30. 接待/招待会/接受(n.) reception接待处a reception desk; 会客厅a reception hall31. 木制的(adj.) wooden;木头(n.) wood32. 神秘/神秘的事物(n.) mystery33. 以前的(adj.) former;后来的(adj.) latter34. 重建(v.) rebuild, rebuilt, rebuilt35. 当地的(adj.) local;36. 绘画/画(n.) painting37. 城堡(n.) castle; 38. 审判/审讯/试验(n.) trial39. 目击者/证人(n.) eyewitness/witness;目击(v.) witness40. 证据/根据(n.)(不可数) evidence明显的/显而易见的(adj.) evident/obvious/clear很显然 It is evident/obvious/clear that41. 入口(n.) entrance;出口(n.) exit的入口the entrance to (to是介词)42. 水手/海员/船员(n.) sailor;起航(v.) sail43. 非正式的(adj.) informal;正式的(adj.) formal44. 争论/辩论(n.);争论/辩论(vi.) debate在争论中be under debate;在讨论中be under discussion45. could have done sth. 过去本可以做某事却没做couldnt have done sth.过去不可能做了某事should have done sth. 过去本应该做某事却没做should not have done sth. 过去本不该做某事却做了neednt have done sth. 过去本没必要做某事却做了must have done sth. 过去肯定做了某事might have done sth. 过去可能做了某事对现在的推测: 肯定句用must, 否定句/疑问句用can。教室不可能是李平打扫的, 因为他没来上学。The classroom couldnt have been cleaned by Li Ping because he didnt come to school.46. gift (n.) 礼物(=present)/天赋/天资对有天赋/在某方面有天赋have a gift for47. 1) “分数/百分数+of+名词”作主语, 谓语动词的单复数取决于of后的名词;2) “quantities of名词”作主语, 谓语动词用复数。每年都有大量的好土壤被水冲走。 Quantities of good earth are being washed away by water every year.48. such a(n)+adj.+单数名词=so+adj.+a(n)+单数名词如此聪明的男孩 such a clever boy/so clever a boy注1: such还可用来修饰可数名词复数或不可数名词, 但若这些词前出现表示“多或少”的词时, 用so修饰。如此多的学生 so many students注2: little(少), 前用so; little (小), 前用such。注3: so 用法同as/too/how; such用法同what。我们正生活在一个多么美丽的地方啊！How beautiful a place we are living in!= What a beautiful place we are living in!注4: so+ adj./adv.及such放句首, 主句部分倒装。他是如此聪明的一个男孩, 以致于我们都喜欢他。So clever a boy is he that all of us like him.Such a clever boy is he that all of us like him.49. be used to do sth. 被用来做某事be used to doing sth. 习惯于做某事(to介词)used to do sth. 过去常常做某事(现在不了)她总是一连几小时坐在那里什么也不做。 She would/used to sit there for hours doing nothing at all.50. 担任/充当serve as/work as/act as为服务/款待/供应(v.) serve为人民服务serve the people51. have sth. done 1) 遭遇某种不幸2) 使某事被做 (可能是自己做, 也可能是让别人做) 我今天早上理的发。I had my hair cut this morning.昨晚我手表被偷了。I had my watch stolen last night.让某人/某物持续做某事have/get sb./sth. doing sth.不要让你的朋友一直等着。Dont have/get your friend waiting all the time.让某人做某事have sb. do sth./get sb. to do sth.有事情要做(自己做) have sth. to do有事情要做(别人做) have sth. to be done52. light (v.) 点燃/照亮 lighted/lit, lighted/lit注: lighted多作定语; lit多作过去式或过去分词。她点燃蜡烛并把点燃的蜡烛拿进黑暗房间。She lit the candle and took the lighted candle into the dark room.53. 奇观/壮举/奇迹(n.); 纳闷/想知道(v.) wonder难怪no wonder/It is no wonder that54. consider (vt.) 考虑/打算/认为/把看作considering (介) 考虑到 (作状语)考虑做某事consider + doing认为/把看作 consider sb./sth. + as/(to be)6123: consider+形宾(it)+宾补(adj./n.)+真宾(to do sth.)把考虑在内take sth. into consideration我正在考虑出国深造。I am considering going abroad for further study.我认为和你在一起很荣幸。I consider it a great honor to be with you.大家认为那件事是他干的。He was considered to have done that.考虑到他目前受教育只一年, 我认为他值得教育。 Considering the fact that the education that he has received so far adds up to no more than one year, I consider him to be a person who is worth educating.55. 这是在两国交战的时期。This was a time when the two countries were at war.曾经有一段时间女孩子不能接受教育。There was a time when girls couldnt receive education.56. remain (vi.) 剩下/留下/停留/留待以后去看/说/做(link-v.) 保持/仍然/继续(无被动)仍是个谜remain a mystery;拭目以待remain to be seen剩下的20美元 the remaining 20 dollarsthe 20 dollars left57. prove (vt.) 证明; (link-verb.) 证明是(无被动)58. 他在班里学习最努力。(同范围) He works harder than any other student/(all) the other students/any of the other students/anyone else in his class.59. “Neither/Nor + 系动词/情态动词/助动词+主语” 表示前者的否定情况也适合于后者。1) I am not an engineer, neither is he.2) Tom couldnt do the job, nor could I.3) He doesnt like singing, nor do I.60. do with 和deal with都可表示“处理/对付”, 区别是: do with常与what连用; deal with常与how连用。怎样处理某事how to deal with sth./what to do with sth.deal with处理/安排/对付/交易/涉及(deal, dealt, dealt)这本书涉及怎样处理商务问题及如何与商人打交道。 The book deals with how to deal with business and how to deal with some businessmen.61. 珍品/财富(n.) treasure; 62. 在审判中 in a trial63. 家具(n.)(不可数) furniture64. 同意某人的观点/(气候等)适合某人agree with sb.M2U2:1. 比赛/竞争(vi.) compete;比赛/竞争(n.) competition比赛者/竞争者/对手(n.) competitor有竞争力的(adj.) competitive竞争做某事 compete to do sth.为争取和某人竞争compete with/against sb. for sth.参加的比赛/在方面竞争compete in1000多名参赛者参加了此项竞赛, 竞争一等奖。More than 1,000 competitors took part in the competition to compete for the first prize.2. 参加/参与(群众性活动并发挥作用) take part in积极参加 take an active part in在中起重要作用play an important part/role in扮演的角色 play the role of加入(党派/团体/组织/俱乐部)成为其中一员join参加(大规模活动) join in和某人一起做某事join sb. in doing sth.出席(大型集会活动)/照顾/照料attend上学attend school;出席会议attend a meeting注意: take part后不接宾语时, 不用介词in。我同学在校表演中扮演的英雄(角色)在学生中很受欢迎。 The hero of whom my classmate played the role in our school play was very popular with the students.3. stand for代表/象征/是缩写;容忍/忍受;支持/主张stand by袖手旁观/支持/待命; stand up站起/起立stand out显眼/突出/引人注目/脱颖而出4. 容许/接纳/容纳/承认(v.) admit; admitted; admitted承认/接纳/准许/入场券/入场费(n.) admission承认做(过)某事admit doing sth./admit having done sth.被接受进入/被录取 be admitted to/into作为被接受/被接纳为 be admitted as人们普遍认为 It is universally admitted that她承认自己错了。She admitted having done wrong.= She admitted doing wrong.= She admitted that she had done wrong.5. 也/又/还 (常位于句尾, 作状语) as well和一样好; (除了)也/又/还as well as只要so long as/as long as不妨做某事/最好做某事 may/might as well do sth.电话和电子邮件, 在日常交流中起很重要的作用。E-mail, as well as telephones, is playing an important part in daily communication.注意: as well as/together with/along with/other than/ rather than等连接两个并列的名词或代词作主语时, 谓语动词的单复数取决于前面的主语, 即就前一致。6. 做东/主办(v.);主人(n.) host;女主人(n.) hostess我们出席了公司总裁主办的宴会。We attended the dinner party hosted by the president of the company.7. 取代/代替/替换(v.) replace = take the place of取代某人/代替某人replace sb./take sb.s placetake the place of sb.用A代替/替换B replace B with A8. 收费/控诉(v.); 费用/主管(n.) charge因向某人收费charge sb. for sth.控告某人某事charge sb. with sth.掌管/负责/控制(动作) take charge of主管/负责(状态) (be) in charge of由负责/在掌管之下(状态) (be) in the charge of(我在)这家旅馆住一夜要了我100元。The hotel charged me 100 Yuan for a night.这部门在她负责前组织工作很差。The department was badly organized until she took charge of it.主治大夫让我们冷静。The doctor in charge told us to be calm.他们主管这家厂。They are in charge of the factory.9. 做广告/登广告(v.) advertise; 广告(n.) advertisement为做广告/做广告宣传 advertise sth.做广告招聘 advertise for10. 便宜货(n.); 讨价还价/讲条件(adj.) bargain就某事和某人讨价还价bargain with sb. about/over/for sth.与某人达成协议/与某人交易make a bargain with sb.11. 一个接一个地(强调连续性) one after another12. 应受(报答或惩罚); 值得(v.) deserve应得到某物deserve sth.应该做某事/值得做某事 deserve to do sth.应该受到 deserve doing(主表被)/deserve to be doneThey deserve praising./They deserve to be praised. 表扬13. 古代的/古老的(adj.) ancient;现代的(adj.) modern古代/现代奥运会 the ancient/modern Olympic Games注意: the Olympic Games作主语, 谓语动词用复数。14. 奖章/勋章/纪念章(n.) medal15. 希腊(n.) Greece希腊人/希腊语(n.); 希腊人的/希腊语的(adj.) Greek16. 有魔力的/魔术的/巫术的(adj.) magical17. 志愿的/义务的(adj.);志愿者(n.);自愿(v.) volunteer自愿的/自发的/主动的(adj.) voluntary自愿地/自发地/主动(adv.) voluntarily自愿做某事 volunteer to do sth.志愿者教师a volunteer teacher义务工作/志愿工作voluntary work18. 祖国/本国(n.) homeland19. 定期的/常规的(adj.);常客(n.) regular;(反) irregular有规律地/定期地(adv.) regularly20. (无形的)基础/根据(n.) basis; (pl.) bases有规律地/定期地/例行地 on a regular basis以为基础on the basis of.(介短)/be based on(动短)21. 运动员(n.) athlete; 运动员的/运动的(adj.) athletic竞技/体育运动(n.) athletics22. 奴隶(n.) slave;奴隶制(n.) slavery23. 现今/现在(adv.) nowadays24. 体操/体能训练(n.) gymnastics体育馆/健身房(n.) gymnasium25. (露天大型)体育场(n.) stadium; (pl.) stadiums/stadia26. 责任(n.) responsibility; 有责任心的(a.) responsible对某人负责 be responsible to sb.对某事负责be responsible for sth.对负责take/accept/undertake responsibility for责任感a sense of responsibility27. 座右铭/格言/警句(n.) motto28. 迅速的/快的(adj.) swift; 迅速地/快地(adv.) swiftly29. 物理的/身体的(adj.) physical; 精神的(adj.) mental身体上(adv.) physically;精神上(adv.) mentally体能训练physical exercise;体检a physical examination30. 罚款(v.);晴朗的/健康的(adj.) fine31. 海报/招贴(n.) poster; 邮政/岗位(n.);邮寄(v.) post32. 光荣/荣誉(n.) glory; 光荣的/辉煌的(adj.) glorious为赢得荣誉win glory for33. 绝望的(adj.) hopeless;充满希望的(adj.) hopeful对充满希望be hopeful about34. 愚蠢的(adj.) foolish;愚弄(v.);傻瓜(n.) fool35. 痛苦/疼痛(n.) pain;痛苦的(adj.) painful36. 采访/面试(v. & n.) interview37. 每四年/每隔三年every four years/every fourth year每2天/每隔1天every two days/every other/second day38. 达到统一的标准reach the agreed standard39. 允许做某事allow doing sth.允许某人做某事allow sb. to do sth.某人被允许做某事sb. be allowed to do sth.40. 特殊的(adj.) special;专门地(adv.) specially特别地/具体地(adv.) specifically;尤其(adv.) especially41. 遍及全世界all over/throughout/across the world42. 娶某人/嫁给某人marry sb.与结婚(动作) get married to; (状态) be married to43. 改变某人的主意(有单复数) change ones mind下定决心(有单复数) make up ones mind44. pick up 拣起/拾起; 接某人上车; 接收节目信号;加速;好转;染上坏习惯;无意中染上疾病;无意中获得pick out挑选/选出;speed up 加速take up拿起/接受(挑战)/占用/继续/从事/喜欢上45. 对感到骄傲be proud of/take pride in46. 许诺(v.);诺言(n.) promise;许诺make a promise遵守诺言keep ones promise/word违背诺言/食言break ones promise答应某人某事promise sb. sth.答应某人做某事promise sb. to do sth.47. 金子(n.); 金子的(adj.) gold;金色的(adj.) golden48. 那就是的原因。(后接结果)Thats why (表从)/Thats the reason why (定从)那是因为(后接原因) Thats because (表从)49. 间接听说hear of; 收到来信hear from50. 除了 apart fromM2U3:1. 解决(v.) solve;解答/解决(方法) (n.) solution2. 从那以后 from then on(过去时)/since then(完成时)3. 结果(状语) as a result + 结果作为的结果(状语) as a result of + 原因导致/造成的结果(谓语) result in + 结果起因于./由导致(谓语) result from + 原因4. 探索/探测(v.) explore;探险家(n.) explorer5. anyhow (ad.) 无论如何/即使如此/反正/而且/随便地anyway (adv.) 无论如何/即使如此somehow (adv.) 以某种方式/莫名其妙地/不知怎么地somewhat (adv.) 有点/有几分(修饰形容词或副词)6. 目标/球门(n.) goal; 设定目标set a goal实现目标achieve/realize/reach a goal7. 人类 the human race/human beings/humans8. 信号/暗号/警告(n.);发信号(v.) signal符号/记号;告示/牌示;迹象/征兆(n.);签(v.) sign象征/标志(n.) symbol; 标记/分数(n.) mark向某人发出信号signal to sb.(向某人)发出做某事的信号 signal (to sb.) to do sth.交通信号灯traffic signals9. 类型(n.);打字(v.) type; 打字员(n.) typist10. 在某种程度上 in a way; 通过这种方式in this way挡道/碍事in ones way/in the way; 决不in no way在()的路上on ones/the way (to)一路上/自始自终all the way; 顺便说一下by the way11. 出现/发生/起因于(vi.) arise; arose; arisen; arising升起/起身/上升/增长(vi.) rise; rose; risen; rising举起/提高/饲养/筹款(vt.) raise; raised; raised; raising唤醒/激起(vt.) arouse; aroused; aroused; arousing由引起/因产生 arise from12. 在的帮助下with the help of/with ones help在的指导下under the guidance of13. 电子的(adj.) electronic; 电子学(n.) electronics电子词典an electronic dictionary14. 看守/监视; 看管/照顾 watch over当心/留神/注意 watch out (for +宾语)15. 计算/估算(v.) calculate;计算(n.) calculation计算器(n.) calculator; 计算机器a calculating machine据估算 It is/has been calculated that16. 普通的/通用的/宇宙的(adj.) universal人们普遍认为 It is universally acknowledged that.17. (使)简化(v.) simplify;简单的(adj.) simple18. 总数/算术题(n.) sum; 一笔钱a sum of money19. 操作员/接线员(n.) operator操作(vt.)/动手术(vi.) operate;手术(n.) operation给某人动手术 operate on sb.20. 合逻辑的(adj.) logical; 合逻辑地(adv.) logically21. 工艺/科技(n.) technology; (adj.) technological信息技术(IT) information technology22. 革命(n.) revolution;革命的(adj.) revolutionary技术革命technological revolution23. 人造的/假的(adj.) artificial24. 智力(n.) intelligence;聪明的(adj.) intelligent人工智能artificial intelligence25. 现实/真实/事实(n.) reality; 真的/现实的(adj.) real事实上/实际上in reality/in fact/as a matter of fact把变成现实turninto reality26. 个人的/私人的/亲自的(adj.) personal就个人而言/亲自(adv.) personally27. 总数/合计(n.); 总的/整个的(ad