高考英语专题—书面表达(二).doc

2011年高考英语专题书面表达(二)第二部分 开放作文一、请阅读下面两篇范文，根据所给评分标准分别打分，并进行简单点评。第二节 开放作文（15分）请根据下面提示，写一篇短文。词数不少于50。In your spoken English class, your teacher shows you the following picture. You are asked to describe the picture and explain how you understand it.请填写以下评分表，打出此篇作文的分数：Sample 1Sample 2Sample 3Sample 4ArgumentMeritsScore Sample 1As can be seen in the picture, a boy wearing glasses is fishing while reading a book. The book tells him that fish cannot live without water. This is true but he boys behavior is ridiculous: he is fishing in a well.Why does the boy make such a mistake? Because he misunderstood what the book says. That fish cant live without water is right, but it doesnt mean where there is water there must live fish. There is no fish in a well.When we read a book, we need to get the right comprehension to it. We cannot misunderstand what the book means, or we might do something strange just like the boy. Sometimes the mistake can be dangerous. We cannot lose our common sense, either. Sample 2As we can see in this funny picture, a knowledgeable-like man with a pair of glasses is fixing his eyes on an encyclopedia which says “Fish cannot live without water.” Meanwhile, he is fishing in the water of a well! It is obvious that he can get nothing from the well.This picture indicates a high-profile phenomenon in the contemporary society. Some people are well educated and have a lot of knowledge as theyve read many books. However, they only believe in that knowledge firmly yet never think about in what situation can the knowledge he used. They consider those things in books only as knowledge and isolate them from practice and real lives. So when it comes to using them in lives, these people will always become confused due to lack of flexibility and depth in perception, and do silly things like the man fishing in the well.From my perspective, the purpose of learning is to use it. So when we lean, we are supposed to combine knowledge with reality. Fish cannot live in all kinds of water and knowledge is not suitable for every situation. Only when we think about how to use what weve learned carefully can we make the best use of them! Sample 3As is shown in the picture, a man wears a pair of glasses is reading the book whole-heartedly while he is fishing in a well. The book he read tells him that fish cant live without water. From my perspective, I think the picture is just a metaphor of the studying situation nowadays. We get the knowledge from books in primary school, high school then the university. However, we just picked up a small part of it and set up to do things like the man in the picture, when he reads that the fish cannot live without water, he go fishing in the wells. Actually, he didnt figure out the whole thing that fish lives in the river or sea! Things may go wrong when we just throw ourselves to work without knowing and planning the whole thing at all, thus we surely requires to get enough information and knowledge before actions.Try to hold and read the whole book till the end and try to figure out the whole thing besides just full half the bottle of your vinegar! Thus I do believe the things may be easily done! Sample 4As is said in the encyclopedia, fish can never lies without water. Thus the man in the picture spots his fishing places following this instruction. With a bucket laid beside, he waits patiently, studying his “encyclopedia”. Ironically, it is a well that he puts his string in, where it is nonsense to find a single fish according to our common sense. Nevertheless, how many times do we fail to utilize our logic, only to be too obsessive with the book? Books are not alive, while we are. Thus we should know that such “water” mentioned above, means pools or lakes, but not wells if we do think about it. Thought is what differentiates people from other species. It invests us with the ability to judge and think about the words in books, rather than merely follow it. As Carl Marx puts it, “Books are not for everything.” That is, we would achieve nothing if we follow the books without logic and thinking, as the man takes it for granted that water means the same as wells, even if it is for fishing. Books are useful, but not mighty. It is our thought that makes them fit for the real life. Only in this way can we know that the meaning of the word “water” varies from different situations. 开放作文评分原则（2011年北京高考考试说明）：1. 本题总分为15分，按4个档次给分。2. 评分时，先根据文章的内容和语言质量初步确定其档次，然后以该档次的要求来衡量，确定或调整档次，最后给分。3. 评分时应考虑：文章是否扣题，结构是否完整，内容是否充实、健康，思维是否活跃，逻辑是否清晰，语言是否准确，交际是否得体。4. 拼写、标点符号或书写影响内容表达时，应视其影响程度予以考虑。英、美拼写及词汇用法均可接受。5词数少于50词，从总分中减去1分。各档次的给分范围和要求: 二、标准范文In the picture we can see a man is fishing in a well. According to his book knowledge, fish are always living in the water, so he chooses a well to fish in.Fish do live in the water, but do they live in the well? I think the picture wants to tell us when we learn something; we should have a thorough study of it. Otherwise well make some silly mistakes. Just like the man in the picture, however he tries; hell never get fish in the well.So when we learn something we should try to have a thorough understanding of it and we cant make stupid mistake like the boy in the picture.三、如何写好开放作文1 写法特点总结：_2 实例剖析开放作文写作思路：1) 抓要素（即主要物象和次要物象）2) 理关系3) 定观点 此篇作文可接受的观点还有：思路1：思路2：思路3：思路4：此篇作文不可接受的观点：1.2. 3. 3开放作文写作宝典：1) 审图(1) 定人称和时态。(2) 发现图中要素，联想要素间的关系。2) 描图3) 解图和议图4) 圆图4开放作文写作之误区：1) 审题：（1）看不懂图，造成立意错误。（2）只有描图，没有议论；或是只有议论，没有描图。 2) 写作技巧：（1）描图和议图脱节。（2）展开议论时，表述不清，逻辑混乱。（3）议论空洞，缺乏内容。 (4) 走偏路：只看见图中的一个物象，仅对其中的一个物象进行议论，忽略了其他物象 以及几个物象之间的关系。3) 思维能力：(1) 比较简单，不够活跃。(2) 总结段落冒出了新观点，与前面议论无关。4) 语言基本功：时态、单词拼写错误多。语言表达跟不上自己的逻辑思维。四、确定立意练习 Find the Argument 1. Find the argument _2. Give two examples _ _1. Find the argument _2. Give two examples _ _1. Find the argument _2. Give two examples _ _1. Find the argument _2. Give two examples _ _第三部分 充分利用手头资源，尽快提高写作一、单选中学习写作1. Wu Zhen , _ in the Northwest of my hometown draws a number of tourists home and abroad every year.A. located B. to be located C. locating D. to locate2. The blue flower-printed cloth and a water-town with _ a history of a thousand years make _ it is. A. What B. which C. how D. where3. After wedding, a warm thought suddenly came to me _ I might pay a visit to my mother school . A. that B. which C. when D. if 4. With trees _ our school, it looks like a beautiful garden.A. surrounded. B. surroundingC. to surroundD. to be surrounded5. A new E-library was set up, providing students with quick _ to the digital resources they needed. A. access B. passage C. way D. approach6. Meeting my head teacher after all these years was an unforgettable moment, _ I would always treasures.A. it B. that C. one D. the one 7. Yet it was really a big surprise that I _ my head teacher who had taught me twenty years before.A. came over B. came across C. run over D. run across8. I would have studied here again if I _ twenty years younger . A. wasB. wereC. has beenD. had been二、课文背诵助写作模块一一、 句子1. At nine thirty, if there is a good play on BBC 3, I switch over and watch it.2. I couldnt live this lifestyle without a good wife. She always makes my meals.3. I normally wake up about five minutes before my alarm clock goes off. 4. It takes me less than fifteen minutes to wash, get changed, have breakfast, leave home and get on a bus.5. What causes stress and what we can do to relax and prevent it?6. There are certain jobs that are very stressful, like some jobs in business or the police.7. They are said to be very good students. It is said that they are good students.8. I cant stand people smoking around me when Im eating.9. His idea to organize a big party has won support from his friend.10. One thing that British and Chinese cultures share is a love for fine tea.11. I think Mother Teresa is important, because she spent her whole life working with poor and sick people.12. Its sad that King was killed in 1968 by a white man who hated black people.13. Finally, in 1991, the sisters and their family moved to a safer area and since then they have never looked back. (have become more and more successful)14. They have already expressed a keen interest in working in design after their tennis careers come to an end. (注意含冠词词组的固定搭配)15. Christopher Reeve made many successful films and TV shows but he is mostfamous for his superman films.16. This is how I got involved with my charity work to improve the quality of life for all disabled people.17. They had a hunger to explore the universe and discover its truths. 18. The Mid-Autumn Festival is important because it is a special occasion for family.19. The Lantern Festival falls on the fifteenth of the first lunar month. It marks the end of the Chinese New Year celebrations.20. Id just like to say how much Ive enjoyed working with you all.二、 段落AI am always the first person to get to the office. The mornings are always very busy and the afternoons are even busier! Meetings and phone calls take up a large part of the day. Every minute of the day is filled with urgent matters. By around eight oclock, I usually find some time to do my own paperwork and answer some personal e-mails. (虽然是写“我”的事，请注意斜体“物”作主语的写作方式：主语使用得体而有变化，避免了总是“I”开头的单调句子。) When I get home at about ten, I look at some documents that I bring back from the office so that I can be ready for the next days work. I get to bed around midnight when my wife and children are already asleep. (请注意从句的使用)B Chinas first manned spaceship lifted off at 9 a.m. on Wednesday, October 15th, 2003 in Jiuquan, Gansu Province. The spaceship, called Shenzhou V, was carrying Chinas first astronaut, Yang Liwei. Yang, who was a pilot in the army, was chosen from 1,500 other army pilots and started training for his spaceflight in 1998. Millions of people all over China were watching TV when the spaceship landed safely. When Yang Liwei climbed out of the spaceship, he smiled and waved to the crowds waiting for him. Yang Liwei was happy to be home but he said, “ I thought 21 hours was too short to stay in space.”C Unfortunately, disaster came in 1995 when he fell from his horse and broke his back. The doctors did not expect him to live. However, he made amazing progress. At first, he couldnt breathe without a machine, but he learnt to breathe on his own. He would never walk again but he started a new life with great courage. (零冠词使用) The second year after his accident, Christopher returned to film making. He also raised a lot of money to promote medical research into back injuries. He made speeches all over the USA about his experiences. This not only drew public attention to research into back injuries but also encouraged a lot of people living with all kinds of problems.D After the ceremony, the guests can attend a wedding reception, which is usually a huge party and can last through the night. There is a lot of eating, drinking and dancing, including the famous Greek circle dance, where everyone joins in. During the reception, guests can throw dishes on the floor and put money on the brides wedding dress for good luck.E On Christmas Eve, the whole family helped to decorate the house, put up the Christmas tree, the decorations and the balloons. Then, in the afternoon, when Auntie Kathleen and my two cousins arrived, everything was ready. Before we went to bed, we left some wine and biscuits for Father Christmas and then put our stockings at the end of our beds. We tried to stay awake as long as possible to see Father Christmas but the next thing we knew it was morning. Christmas morning!附：议论文写作宝典一：1、议论文结构常用三部曲：(1) 开篇 （Introduction）: 提出议题。(2) 正文（Arguments）: 对所提出的问题进行议论。(3) 结论（Conclusion）:对以上的讨论进行总结和归纳。2、议论文常用经典句式：(1) 开篇句式It is often said that/ It is often argued that/It is a fact thatRecently, we have all become concerned thatNowadays, we are all becoming aware of the fact that(2) 表达个人观点的句式: I believe/do not believe that (because)/Personally, I feel that (as)It seems to me that This is becauseI feel strongly that/ I am convinced that (3) 陈述观点句式：It is clear that/On the whole, it appears/seems thatWe must take into account the fact that/It goes without saying thatIt is important to remember that(4) 结尾段可用句式：Taking both/all sides of the argument into consideration, I would say thatTo sum up, I tend to think that /All things considered, I feel strongly thatIn conclusion/ To conclude, I would say/All in all, I think 3、议论文常用篇章过渡词和连接词：first, second, third, finally, in addition, furthermore, besides, what was worse/to make matters worse, more importantly, in contrast, similarly, so that, in order that, because, since, now that, therefore, consequently/due to/owing to, in that case, as a result/consequence, therefore, in conclusion, to sum up等等。议论文写作宝典2 - 图表类作文分享特区：1、图表作文典型短语: (1) go up/ jump/ increase/ rise例句： in 2000, jumped to 20 hours. (2) fall to; go down to; decrease; drop to;例句： dropped from 49% in 1986 to 45% in 19902、描写图表的过渡词语: (1) During this time/ the period “在此期间”例句：During this time, more women took various job.(2) Apart from “除了 之外” 例句：Apart from the above reasons, the companyalso do(3) Compared with “与 相比” 例句：Compared with the output of last year, it has increased(4) From the above table “上图所示”句：From the above chart, it can be seen that changes do occur in the society3、图表作文典型句式:句式之点题总结句 (1) We can see from the graph that/(2) From the table we can find out that/(3) As can be seen from the chart ,/(4) As is shown in the chart, the production last month rose/(5) Chart1 shows that . 句式之细节描写式句 (1) The number was/ is ten times as many as in 1995.(2) It doubled the number of last year./(3) There is an increase of 20% in total this year.(4) It was decreased twice than that of the year 1996.(5) The total number was lowered by 10%.(6) It rose from 10 to 15 percent of the total this year.(7) Compared with 1997, it fell from 15 to 10 percent. 4、图表作文典型模板: 图表数据，按从大到小或从小到大的顺序对图表进行描写The chart gives us an overall picture of the _（图表主题）。The first thing we notice is that_（图表最大特点）。This means that as _, _（进一步说明）。We can see from the statistics given that _（图表细节一）。After ving_（细节一中的第一个变化）, the _Ved+幅度+时间（紧跟着的变化）。The figures also tells us that_（图表细节二）。（数据位置，如In the second column）, we can see that _ac