2018新人教版八年级上册英语单元语法和知识点归纳

2018新人教版八年级上册英语单元语法及知识点归纳Unitl Where did you go on vacation?【重点语法】不定代词：不指名代替任何特定名词或形容词的代词叫做不定代述用法注意：1. some和any +可数名/不可数名。some多用于肯定句，any多用于否定句、疑问句和条件从句。有些问旬中用some,不用any,问话者希望得到对方肯 定回答。2. 由some, any, no, every与body, one, thing构成的复合不定代词作主语时，其谓语动词用三单。3. 不定代词若有定语修饰，该定语要置于其后：如：something interesting【重点短语】1. buy sth for ab./ buy sb. sth 为某人买某物2. taste + adj.尝起來3. nothing.but + V.（原形）除了.之外什么都没有4. seem + （to be） + adj 看起來5. arrive in +大地方/ arrh/e at +小地方 到达某地6. decide to do sth.决定做某事7. try doing sth.尝试做某事/ try to do sth.尽力做某事8. enjoy doing sth.喜欢做某事9. w ant to do sth.想去做某事10. start doing sth.开始做某事二begin doing sth.11. stop doing sth.停止做某事 区分：stop to do sth.停下來去做某事12. dislike doing sth.不喜欢做某事14. so + adj + that +从句 如此以至于16. tell sb. （not） to do sth.告诉某人（不耍）做某事17. keep doing sth.继续做某事18. forget to do sth.忘记去做某事/ forget doing sth忘记做过某事【词语辨析】1. take a photo/ take photos 拍照quite a few+名词复数“许多2. seem + 形容诚 看起來You seem happy today.seem + to do sth.似乎汝了像M事 I seem to have a coldIt seems + 从句 似乎It seems that no one believe you.seem like .好像，似乎. It seems like a good idea.3. arrive in + 大地点=get to= reach+地点名到达”arrive at + 小地点（注：若后跟地点副词here/there/home，介词需省略，如：arrk/e here; get home）4. feel like sth 感觉像feel doing sth.想耍做某事5. wonder （想知道）+疑问词（who,what,why）引导的从句。6. because of + 名/代AAingbecause+从旬He cant take a walk because cf the rain.I dont buy the shirt because itwas too expensive 7. enough +名词足够的形容词/副词+enoughUnit2 How often do you exercise?【重点语法】4. 频率副词：aWays, usually, cften, sometimes, never频率副词在旬中通常放在实义动词之前,be动词或助动词之后。常用于一般现在时态中。2. “次数啲表达方法一次once, 两次twice,三次或三次以上：基数词+ times,如：three times, five times,3. hew often“多久一次”问频率，回答常含有频率词组或短语。常见的h（w疑问词：1）Hew soon多久（以后）Hew soon will he be back?他多久能回来？He w ill be back in a month.他一个月后能回來。2）hew long “多久”Hew long did it take you to clean the house?你打扫房子用 了 多久？It took me half an hour to clean the house.我打扫这房子用 了半小时。3）Hew many+名复Hew much+不可名“多少”问数量（hew much还可问价格）【重点短语】1. go to the movies 去看电彩2. look after = take care of 照顾3. surf the internet 上网4. healthy lifestyle健康的生活方式5. go skate boarding 去划板6. keep healthy=stay healthy 侏持健康7. eating habits 饮食习惯8. take more exercise做更多的运动9. the same as与什么相同10. be different from 不同II once a month 一月一次12. twice a week周两次13. make a difference to 对.有影响/作用44. most of the students二most students45. shop=goshopping二do some shopping 购物16. be good for 对有益17. be bad for 对有害18. come home from school 放学回家49.0f course 二certainly 二 sure 当然20. get good grades 取得好成绩21. keep/be in good health 保持健康22. take a vacation 去度假【词语辨析】4. maybe / may bemaybe是副词，意为“大概，可能，或许*, 一般用于句讯May be是情态动词，意为“可能是，也许是，大概是The baby is crying. Maybe she 6 hungryThewoman may be a teacher2. a feA/ /few / a little /littlea few （4澈的，儿个，一些）a little （一点儿，少量）表示肯定few （很少的，儿乎没有的）little （很少的，儿乎没有的）表示否定修饰可数名词修饰不可数名词Fople can live to 100, butfeA/ people can live to 150.There is little time left. Iwo nt catch the first bus.Could you give me a little milk?3. hard / hardlyhard作形容词，意为“困难的，艰苫的，硬的”；作副词，意为“努力地，猛烈地”。ha-df/为副词，意为“儿乎不”。The ground is too hard to dig.I can hardly understand themIfs raining hard The people can hard go outside4. As for homA/ork, most students do homework every day asfor.意思是“至于；关于”，+名词、代词或动词的ing形式（即动名词）。如: As for him, I never w ant to see him here.至于他，我永远不希望在这里见到。As for the story, youd better not believe it.关于那故事，你最好不要相信。5. That sounds interesting.这是“主语+系动词+表语”结构的简单旬。sound （听起來），look （看起來）,smell （闻起來），taste （尝起來）,feel（觉得）,seem （好象）,g-cw （变得），get （变得）等词在英语中可用作系动词，后跟形容词作表语。如：It tastes good.这味道好。The music sounds very sweet.这音乐听起来很入耳。The smoke grew heavier and heavier.烟雾变得越來越浓 了。6. percent名词，意为“百分之”百分数的表示方法：基数+ percent （不用复数形式），percent做主语时，谓语动词的数耍根据其后面的名词來确定。50%： fifty percent 百分之五十Ffty percent of the apples are bad. 50%的苹果都坏了。Twenty percent of the meat is in the fridge. 20% 的肉都在冰箱7. not.at all意为“一点也不not应放在be动词、情态动词或助动词之后。The story isnt interesting at all.那个故事一点也没有趣。8. It is + adj. to do sth.做某事杲的。It is interesting to play computer games 玩电脑彳艮有趣。9. take, spend, payIt takes sb some time to do sth.意为花费某人时间來做某事”。A（sb.） spend时间儼on sth. “买某物花了饯A（sb.） spend时间儼（in） doing*花费多少时间來做某事”。pay的主语必须是人，而1*花钱买某物为pay.for.10. hcwever副词，意为然而，可是S表示转折关系，可放在句首、句中、句末。Unit3 Im more outgoing than my sister.【重点语法】1. 形容词和副词的比较等级(1) 形容词和副词的原形就是原级(2) 比较级，表示较或更(3) 最高级，表示最.，2. 比较级句型：(1) A + be动词+形容词的比较级+than +B “A比B更.”(注意：A与B必须是同级的，即必须是人与人，物与物 进行对比)(2) “A+实意动词+副词比较级+ than + B”表示公比B.”(3) 比较A , B两人/两事物问其中哪一个较.时用句型：“WhoMhich+谓语动词 +adj./a(M比较级，A or B ?Who is thinner, Jenny or Mary?3. 比较级的特殊用法(1) “比较级+and+比较级”,意为“越來越”。多音节比较级用“more and more+原级”(2) the+比较级()，the+比较级(.)”意思是：”越越.nThe more, the better.(3) 主+ is + the形容词比较级+ofthetwo+名复“主语是两者中较.的”4. 两者在某一方而相同：A+谓语动词/be动词+as+adj./adv.原级+as+B.Helen is as tall as Amy.Fter studies as hard as Tom.表示两者在某一方面不及另一方时，用“not as曲o+形容词或副词原级+as”lam not as tall as my sister.5. 形容词，副词比较级前的修饰语。当需耍表示一方超过另一方的程度时，可以用much, a lot, a little, a bit,等來修饰形容词比较级。注意：比较级不能用 very, so, too, quite 等修饰。【重点短语】1. more outgoing更外向/更开朗2. as.as.与一样3. the singing competition 歌咏比赛4. the most important 最重要的5. be talented in music在音乐方面有天赋6. the same as 与相同7. care about关心/留意/关注8. be different from 与不同9. be like a mirror 像一面镜子10. as long as只要；与一样长11. bring out显示/显出12. get better grades取得更好的成绩13. reach for伸手达到/达到14. touch ones heart 感动15. in fact事实上16. make friends 交朋友17. be good at在某方面成绩好18. the other 另一个19. be similar to 与相似20. be good with与和睦相处21. have fun=Have a good time 玩得开心have fun doing sth 做某事开心22. do the same things as me.做和我一样的事惜23. Ifs+adj+ （for sb.） todosth“做某事（对某人來说）是的”24 make friends with sb.与某人交朋友25. as long as只耍；既然，弓I导条件状语从句【词语辨析】1. be good at=dowell in ,其后可接名词、代词或动名词,表示擅长.2. care about 关心care for 关爱take care（当/小心）take care of （照顾）=look after3. make sb. do sth.:让（使）M人做某事（make后跟不带to的不定式）His father akvays make me get up before five oclock.make sb. +形容词：使某人保持某种状态My friends aWays make me happy.4. be like就像.”l am like your sister.look like 外貌上的像 ” I look like my sister.5. Thats why4句子：那就是的原因哪就是为什么.Thats why I study &iglish hard.那就是我努力学习英语的原因。6. be different from 与不同反：be the same as 与相同7. though adv.不过；可是；然而（旬末补充说明使语气减弱） conj.虽然；尽管二although,与but不能同时用在一个句子中He said he would come. He didnt, though.他说他耍來，可是并没有來。Though/Although he has been dead for many years, many people still remember him 尽管他已经去世多年了，但很多人仍然记得他。8. get better grades収得更好的成绩9. does（助动词do/did）,为了避免重复，可代替上文出现过的实意动词。10. be good with sb.与某人相处得好Unit4 Whafs the bestmovie theater?【重点语法】1. 形容词最高级：用于三者或三者以上的人或事物相比较。标志词：表比较范鬧时用in/of形容词最离级前须加定冠词the,副诚最高级前可省略the。2. 表示“三者（或以上）中最的”的句型1）A + be + the形容词最离级+表示范围（in/of介词短语）2）A+实意动词+ （the）副词最高级+表示范围的of/in介词短语3. 常用句式1）Who/Which.+ 最高级,A, Bor C?2）one of +the +形容词最离级+名词复数形式，意为“最之一”。3）序数词后跟形容词最离级【重点短语】1. so far到目前为止，迄今为止2. no problem没什么，别客气3. have.incommon有相同特征（想法、兴趣等方面）相同4. be up to由.决定堤.的职责5. all kinds of各种各样的6. play a role in doing sth./sth.发挥作用，有影响7. make up编造（故事、谎言等）8. for example=e.g.例如9. take .seriously 认真对待10. not everybody并不是每个人11. close to 离近12. more and more 越來越【词语辨析】1. Hew do you like + 名 /代/Ving=What do you think of：你认为怎么样？ ”2. Thanks for=Thank you for + 名/代A/ing:感谢.”3. Yourewelcome. =Not at all.不客气4. talent名（可）天赋talent shew才艺表演talented adj.有天赋的be talented in在方面有天赋5. be good at 擅长（=do well in）反义短语：be poor/weak in在方面薄弱be good for对有益，后跟人或事物；其反义短语是be bad forbe good to对好（和善;慈爱），相当于be friendly to,后面通常接人6. all kinds of各种各样的different kinds of 不同种类的a kind of 一种* kind of 有点 + adj.: kind of boring / fat /thin7. win vt.赢得+奖品winner n.赢者8. watch sb. do sth.观看某人做了某事watch doing sth.观看某人正在做某事9. 举例：such as常歹憚儿个例子，不能穷尽，可和and so on（等等）连用；like可和such as互换；for example 般 只列举作插入语用逗号隔开，可置于句首/句中/句末。Unit5 Do you want to watch a game show?【重点语法】1. 询问某人对某物的观点及看法：What do you think of .?=Hcw do you like.?2. 描述喜好 I love/ like/ dont mind/dislike/cant stand.3. 复习巩固一般现在时态：主语也+其他；主语（三单）+V（三单）+其他）【重点短语】1-find out査出/发现2. be ready to do 准备做3. dress up打扮/化妆成4. take ones place 代替某人5. do a good job干的好/表演的出色6. think of想至思考7. game shew游戏节目8. learn from 向学习9. talk shew访谈节目10. soap opera 肥皂剧11. go on 继续12. watch a movie 看电影13. one of.其中之一14. try ones best to =do ones best to 竭尽全力15. a pair of 一双16. as famous as 一样闻名/出名17. look like看起來像18. around the world 世界各地49. have a discussion about 讨论20. one day 有一天/某一天21. such as 例如22. a symbol of 一个象征/标志23. something enjoyable 快乐的事情24. interesting information 有趣的信息【词语辨析】1. w ant + n 想要want to do sth想耍做某事wantsbtodosth想让某人做某事2. mind介意，其后+名词/代诚Aing3. stand4）“站,站立” e.g. Stand up!起立2）“忍受”（多用于否定句、疑问旬），后可+名/代A/ing4. plan vt. & vi计划，打算，plan to do sth.plan还可作名词，如：make plans制定计划5. v. discuss （i寸论）+ ion- n. discussionhad a discussion about sth.对某事进行讨论6. happen v.发生；出现sth+ happens to sb或sth happened + 时间腿点力句式7情态动词may语气弱于can,意为河能”might表推测，语气最弱，意为“可能may/might not表示否定推测时语气最弱，意为可能不They may not be very exciting.它们可能不是那么令人兴奋。8. expect to do sth.期吩做某事hope to do sth:希望干某事很多动词后面都可以跟动词不定式作宾语，如：want, like, hope, wish, learn,start, begin, prefer, try, ask9. be famous as作为而出名be famous for sth.因为而出名10. one of.后跟可数名词复数，表示之一。其后的谓语动诚用单数。One of my favorite movies is W. Bean.我最喜欢的电彩之一是憨豆先生。shew n.节目 TV shews/ tale nt shews： v 展示 shew sth to sb 二 shew sb .sth Unit6 l*m going to study computer science【重点词语腕语用法解析】1. w ant to be/become + (职业)名词：想要成为.”I w ant to be (be) a scientistwhen I grew up.2. write stories 写故事tell stories 讲故事3. keep on doing sth.继续做某事(表动作的反复) keeping doing sth.保持做某事(表动作或状态的持续)4. be sure about + 名/代AAing肯定Are you sure about that?make sure (that)+从句确保”Make sure that both doors are clcsedwhen you go out5. learn sth. We must learn Biglish every day.lear n to do sth .I am goi ng to lear n to play ( play) the pia no.6. discuss v.讨论；商最 名词是 discussiondiscusswithsb.与某人讨论：Discuss this question with your partner.Lefs discuss this problem.让我们讨论一下这个问题。Allwe need new is action, not discussion.我们现在需耍的是行动，不是讨论。7. be able to do sth.能够做某事(1) can: can锻词原形，无人称和数的变化。只自肉于一般现在时和一般过去时，不能用于将來时。 be able to +动词原形，有人称和数的变化，可用于多种时态。(2) can常指客观上能够；be able to更侧重于经过努力、克服一定困难有能力做成某事。Hewill be able to(能够)speak Biglish next year.(在此不能填 can)8. promise n.承诺；诺言v.许诺；承诺；答应make a promise(to sb)(对某人)许下诺言keep a promise遵守诺言break a promise 违背诺言promise (sb) to do sth.许诺某人干某事promise (sb) +that 从句He promised to help me.他许诺过耍帮助我。I promised that I study hard from new on.我承诺从现在起努力学习。9. have to dow ith关于；与有关系The book has to do with computers.那本书与计算机有关。10. take up sth./doing sth.(尤指为消遣)学着做；开始做I am going to take up cooking next year.明年我将耍学煮饭。 Sometimes the resolutions may be too difficult to keeptoo+形容词/副词to+动词原形，表示太而不能.”如：The kid is too young to play ths game这个小孩太小，不能玩这个游戏。12. ones cwn +名诚 喋人口己的东西方，强调某物为个人所有my cw n book我口己的书本【重点语法】一般将來时“am/is/are going to祠嗣原形”结构1. 基本形式否定式：am/is/are not going to +动词原形一般疑问式：an7is/are +主语+ going to +动词原形+其他？特殊疑问式：特殊疑问词+般疑问式？He is going to spend his holidays in London.他打算在伦敦度假。Look at the dark clouds There is going to be a storm.看那乌云，快耍下雨 了。Is he going to collect any data for us?他会帮我们收集数据吗？What are you going to do tomorrcw?明天你打算作什么？2. 基本用法（1）表示事先经过考虑、安排好打算、计划耍做某事。Dad and I are going to watch an opera this afternoon.今天下午我和爸爸打算去看歌剧。（2）表示根据目前某种迹象判断，某事非常有可能发生，表示推测。Look! There come the dark clouds It is going to rain.瞧！乌云密集。天要下雨了。Unit7 Will people have robots?【重点词语腕语用法解析】1. many+数名词许多much +不可数名词许多.2. live to be+基数词 + years old活到岁3. be in great danger处在极大的危险中4. play a part in +名/R/Ving.参与某事/做某事Every on e should play a part in savi ng the earth.5. help （sb.） with sth.帮助（某人）做某事He ofte n helps me with my English.help sb. （to） do sth.帮助（某人）做He of怕n helps me study Biglishhelp oneself （to） 口用（食物等）Help yourseF to the fish.请随便吃鱼6. the same as.和一样 反义短语:be dFf erent from7. It takes/tookAA/ ill take sb. some time to do sth.某人花了时间做某事（时态根据具体情况决定）It takes me an hour to get to my officespend time / money on sth.在上花费时间（金钱）sb. spend time / money （in） doing sth.花费时间（金钱）做某事。I spent two hours on this math problem 这道数学题花了我个小时。They spent t/vo years building this bridge.造这座桥花了他们两年时间。8. hundreds of +名词复数许多决量数词+hundred +名词复数儿百.类似的数词还有thousand （干）,million （万）There are four hundred students in our g*adeThere are hundreds of tourists in Beijing every year.9. during在期间during the vacation/the daytime/the w eekend10. the meaning of 的意思Can you tell me the meaning of the words?【重点语法】一般将來时Unit8 How do you make a banana milk shake?【重点词语腕语用法解析】1. cut是“切，割”的意思，过去式为cut。cut up意为“切碎”Cut up the bananas.二 Cut the bananas up.Cut it/them up2. turn on打开，接通（电流、煤气、水等）turnoff关掉，截断（电流、煤气、水等）turn up开大，调高（育量、热量等）turn dcwn调低关小（音量、热量等）3. one more thing另外一件事情another ten minutes 再多十分钟数字+mOre+物品指“另外的another +数字+物品指“另外的.当数字为one时，常与more连用或只用anotherGive me two more hamburgers?another two hamburgers4. forget to do sth.忘记（去）做某事forget doing sth.忘记已做过某事。5. Ifs a time （for sb） .to do sth.该是（某人）做某事的时期了Its time （for sb.） to do sth. =lts time for sth.该是（某人）做某事的时间 了。Its a time for you to study English.Its time for us to go to school.（Its time for school.）6. give thanks for + 名/R V-ing 感恩”We should give thanks for our parentsHe gave thanks for Ife and food7. Most Americans still celebrate this ideas of giving thanks by having a big meal.by +sth./doing :1）以方式 I study Biglish by listening to English songs.2）在的旁边 I am sitting by the pool.3）在之前 I have to go to school by 8:004）搭乘 I go to school by bus8. Here is +名单（宾语）“这是.”杲倒装句Here is a photo of my family.Here are+名复Here are some English books.当宾语是代词时，耍用顺装。如：Here you are.(对)Here are you.(错)9. fill sth. with sth.用把装满(强调动作)be full of“装满.”(强调状态)I filled the cup w ith the milk.The cup is full of the milk.10. put.in(into).把放到 里11. cover.with.用覆盖12. cut .into 把切成Cut the apple into four piecescut up.13. serve v.服务 n. serviceserve + 名/代“提供The shop serves nice foodserve sb sth.二 serve sth to sb Serve it to yourfrie nds with some vegetables, serve sb with sth. “用某物招待某人刀 Serve the guests with some tea.【重点语法】名词的单复数Unit9 Can you come to my party?【重点词语矩语用法解析】1. one.another.表示不确定数目中的另一个one.the other.表示两考中的另一个I dont like this one, can you shew me another?I have two brothers One is a lawyer and the other is a manager.some.others.表示没有范围限定的“一些.另一些.”some.the others.表示某一范圉附一些其余的”Some go to school by bike and others go to school by busSome go to school by bike and the others go to school by bus2. invite v.邀请 n. invitationinvite sb. to do sth?邀请某人干某事”invite sb. to+地点名词1) Mr. Green invited me to visit his factory last week.2) Thanks a lot for your invitation3) Thanks for inviting me to your party3. (1) Whats the date today?意为“今天是儿月儿号？ ” Its + 月+ 日。(2) What day is it today?意为今天是星期儿？ ”lts +星期儿。Whafs the date?Ifs September 10th.What day is it today? Its Wednesday.4. have a lesson(class)上课have an English lesson5. prepare v 准备 n. preparationprepare sth.准备某物”，所准备的东西就是后面的宾语。 prepare for sth.为做准备”，指为后面的宾语做准备 prepare to do sth.准备做某事6. bring.to.“带來把某物从别的地方带到说话人的地方 taketo带去刀把某物从说话的地方带到别处去。（两者方向相反）Bring your homework here, and take the book away.把你的作业拿过來，把这本书带走。7. without （介词）没有 反义词：with具有We cant live without water Jane is a beautiful girl with long hair8. so that +从旬：以便于；目的是I study hard so that I can get good grades 9. surprise n.原奇surprised adj.感到惊奇的（指人）surprising adj.令人惊奇的（指物）be surprised at sth.惊奇于某事to ones surprise 令某人惊奇的是 Fm surprised at the surprising news.我对这个令人惊讶的消息感到很吃惊。 To my surprise, he leftw ithout leaving a word.令我惊奇的是，他一声不响地离开了。10. look forward to （介诚）+名/代/-ingHook forward to your reply.我期待你的答复。I look forward to seeing you again.II hear from sb. = get a letter from sb.收到某人的來信。I heard from my friends yesterday.=l got a letter from my friend yesterday12. the bestway to do sth.做某事的最好方式Exercising is the best way to keep healthy 13. hew to do that.该怎么做”,疑问词+to do sth常用來做宾语I dont know hew to make a banana milk shakeI dont know what to do.14. at the end of “在末尾”New, it is at the end of 2014.反义短语:at the beginning of “在开始15. be glad/happy/sad to do sth.“很高兴/难过做某事I am glad to see you.16. reply to sb./sth“回复”Reply in w riting to the invitation 以写信形式回复这份邀请函”【重点语法】一. 表示邀请的句型4. Can/Could you.（come to my party）?2. Would you like to.（ Would you like to my party）?接受:Sure/Yes/Of course, lfd love/like to.拒绝:： Im sorry, leant I have to/mustV 原（陈述理由） rd love/like to, but I.（理由）3. rm afraid not. I.（理由）二. must 与 have to1. must表示主观必须；must表示主观上的耍求”，无人称和时态的变化，否定回答：neednt或dont hwe to （不必）。 mustnl表示“禁止”.2. have to表客观需要，有人称和时态变化，否：dont / doesnt / didnt have to （没必耍）Must I be home before eight oclock? 8 点之前我必须回家吗？Yes, you must. / No, you neednt. / No, you dont have to.Un it 10 If you go to the party, youll have a great time!【重点词语腕语用法解析】4. have a g-eat time 意为玩得愉快笃 =enjoy oneself, have fir, have a good /wo nderful / nice timehave a eat / good time in (doing) sth.做某事很开心2. ask sb. (not) to do sth.要求某人(不)做某事The teachers ask us to do (do) lots of