2017届高考英语一轮复习 Unit 1 Lifestyles 北师大版必修1.doc

Unit 1Lifestyles写得准用得活积得多1.suppose vt.认为，猜想2.complain vi. 抱怨；投诉3.switch vt. 转换，转变 4.midnight n. 午夜，半夜5.expert n. 专家6.reduce vt. 减少；降低7.stand vt. 忍耐，忍受8.design n&vt. 设计9.sickness n. 疾病10.matter vi. 要紧，有重大关系11.peaceful adj.平静的；和平的peace n和平peacefully adv.和平地；平静地12.relaxing adj.轻松的，放松的relax vt.&vi.放松relaxed adj.松懈的；放松的13.urgent adj.急迫的，紧急的urgently adv.急迫地，紧急地urgency n紧急；催促urge vt.催促；极力主张14.bored adj.厌烦的，不感兴趣的boring adj.令人厌烦的；无聊的15.stress n压力stressful adj.充满压力的，紧张的pressure n压力(同义词)16.suffer vi.遭受(痛苦)，感到疼痛suffering n痛苦，苦难sufferer n受苦者，受难者；患者17.social adj.社交的；社会的society n社会18.organise vt.组织organisation n组织organiser n组织者19.prefer vt.更喜欢；宁愿preference n喜好；偏爱20.volunteer n志愿者 vt.&vi.自愿去做voluntary adj.自愿的；志愿的21.graduate vi.毕业 n毕业生graduation n毕业22.challenge n挑战 vt.向挑战challenging adj.有挑战性的23.support vt.&n.支持；支撑supporter n支持者；拥护者24.advertisement n广告advertise v做广告advertiser n登广告的人；广告商25.distance n距离distant adj.遥远的26.formal adj.正式的，合礼仪的informal adj.非正式的用所给词的适当形式填空1.A satisfied customer is the best advertisement (advertise) that we hope to have.2.Mr. Green is leaving on a trip tomorrow and needs these papers urgently (urgent)3.The president invited him to his private study for an informal (formal) talk.4.The word “business” also refers to an organisation (organise) that provides goods and services.5.Not only will I earn much money but I will also gain some social (society) experience through it.6.Soon I found children got bored (bore) with staying indoors.7.I dont want to work under stress and I am eager for a job that isnt stressful.(stress)8.The peaceful people hoped that the dispute was to be solved peacefully and a peace agreement could be signed as soon as possible.(peace)9.Nowadays with the development of society, many volunteers like to do voluntary work without any pay.(volunteer)10.As a graduate who graduated from a key university, he was offered a satisfactory job after graduation.(graduate)11.In a way, challenges are good for developing our strong characters and I like doing challenging work.(challenge)12.Generally speaking, we feel relaxed while listening to some relaxing music.(relax)13.Lucy prefers sweets as her snacks while Lily has a preference for nuts.(prefer)1.“容忍，忍受”表达种种bear vt.忍受tolerate vt. 忍受，容忍stand vt. 忍受，忍耐endure vt. 忍耐；容忍put up with 忍受，容忍2.聚焦后缀ness名词sickness/illness疾病loneliness 孤独，寂寞darkness 黑暗blindness 失明kindness 善良carelessness 粗心goodness 仁慈usefulness 有用sadness 悲伤happiness 快乐3.盘点ial结尾形容词beneficial 有益的commercial 商业的facial 表面的financial 金融的social 社会的official 官方的special 特别的influential 有影响的4.“支持，拥护”家族advocate vt. 提倡；拥护back vt. 支持support vt.支持，帮助stand by/for 支持in favour of 支持，赞同5.后缀ance名词集锦assistance 援助，协助performance 表演，演奏appearance 出现，露面acquaintance 熟人acceptance 接受；认可reliance 信赖，依赖distance 距离disturbance 扰乱importance 重要性insurance 保险写得准用得活积得多1.go_off (铃、爆竹等)响2.take_up 占据；开始从事； 拿起3.be_filled_with 充满着4.suffer_from 忍受，遭受5.at_the_moment 此刻，目前6.over_the_years 数年间7.make_sure 弄清，查明8.as_a_result 结果9.get_changed 换衣服，更衣10.take_turns_to_do_sth. 轮流做某事11.play_a_role/part_in 在中起作用12.come_up_with 追上，赶上；想出， 找到13.look_forward_to 盼望，期望14.as_well_as 除之外还；和15.make_a_difference 有影响；起作用选用左栏短语填空1.We are really looking_forward_to seeing you again.2.The thieves ran away when the burglar alarm went_off.3.Marias mother isnt well. She often suffers_from headaches.4.It is often the little details that make_a_difference.5.They came_up_with a good suggestion for putting out more cars at the meeting yesterday.6.He was_filled_with horror when he heard the bad news.7.He drank too much last night.As_a_result,_he overslept this morning.8.Im sorry Ive already taken_up so much of your valuable time.1.“get过去分词”短语大全get dressed 穿好衣服get hurt 受伤get lost 迷路get arrested 被捕get married 结婚get promoted 升职get bored 生厌 2.“盼望，期待”短语集汇hope for/to do希望/期待(做)long for/to do 渴望/盼望(做)look forward to 盼望，期望be eager for 渴望，期待be dying for/to do 渴望/盼望(做)desire to do 渴望做背原句记句式会仿用1.What kind of lifestyle do you think the people have？你认为这些人有什么样的生活方式？do you think 用作插入语。你认为谁应该对这次事故负责？Who_do_you_think is to blame for the accident？2.I always take my portable TV and I sit on the stone wall while the dog walks round in a circle.我总是随身带着手提电视，我坐在石墙上，而小狗围着我转圈。while 引导并列句，表转折对比。儿子在家吃美食而父母却在田里辛勤劳作。The son was having a good meal at home whilethe parents were working hard in the fields.3.I am always the first person to get to the office. 我总是第一个到达办公室的人。序数词名词不定式作后置定语。众所周知，北京已成为第一个既举办过夏季奥运会，又举办冬奥会的城市。As we all know, Beijing has become the_first_city_to_host both the summer and the winter Olympics.4.I find painting or drawing very relaxing. 我发现画画让人很放松。find宾语宾语补足语。有时你会发现生活单调、枯燥并且你渴望有点改变。Sometimes you may find_life_boring_and_dull and you are eager to change a bit.5.Usually, its so crowded that I cant find anywhere to sit.通常地铁很拥挤，以至于我找不到坐的地方。so .that .引导结果状语从句。歌曲小苹果如此优美，以至于我百听不厌。The song Small Apples sounds so_sweet_that I want to listen to it again and again.6.We dont have the same work hours that office workers in the city have.我们和城市里在办公室工作的人的上班时间不同。the same . that .“和一样”。我们英语老师穿着昨天的那件衣服。Our English teacher wore the_same_clothes_that he did yesterday.1matter vi.要紧，重要；有重大关系n.物质；问题；毛病教材原句As long as I get good marks in my tests, it doesnt matter if I can speak English or not.只要我能在考试中得高分，我是否会讲英语并不重要。(1)It doesnt matter.没关系。It matters/doesnt matter (to sb.)主语从句(对某人来说)有关系，重要/没关系，不重要(2)a matter of . (是)一个的问题to make matters worsewhats worse 更糟糕的是It doesnt matter whether it is expensive or not.What really matters is whether it comes from your inner heart.(2014重庆高考写作)(礼物)贵不贵不重要，真正重要的是它是否来自你的内心。I take this seriously. Its a_matter_of principle.我对此很认真。这是原则问题。2suppose v理解；认为，猜想；假想；设想经典例句Getting a visa isnt as simple as you might suppose.(牛津P2030)办签证不像你想的那么容易。(1)suppose sb./sth.(to be) . 认为某人/某事be supposed to do 应该做be supposed to have done 本该做(而未做)I suppose so 我想是这样I suppose notI dont suppose so 我想不会的(2)suppose/supposing (that) . 假使；假定All his workmates suppose_him_to be an expert in this field.他所有的同事都认为他是这个领域的专家。Will she come with us?No, I_suppose_not/I_dont_suppose_so.她会跟我们来吗？不，我想不会吧。I beg your pardon. I suppose I should_have_knocked (knock) at the door.请原谅，我想我本应该敲门的。名师指津suppose/supposing (that)以及assuming (that), providing/provided (that), given (that)可以作连词，引导条件状语从句，意为“如果，假如”，表示一种假设条件。Supposing/Suppose/Assuming/Providing/Provided/Given_(that) your car should break down on the road, what would you do then?假如你的车子在路上抛锚，那你怎么办？3complain vi.抱怨；投诉经典例句She often complains about not feeling appreciated at work.(朗文P434)她常常抱怨说在工作上得不到赏识。(1)complain that .抱怨complain about/of sth. 抱怨某事complain against/about sth. 抱怨/投诉某事(2)complaint n. 抱怨，投诉make a complaint against/about 投诉Nowadays some stars who enjoy full justice often complain about/of how hard their lives are.如今一些享受完全公正的明星经常抱怨他们的生活是多么艰难。I am now writing to make a complaint against/about the service of your hotel.现在，我写此信意在投诉贵宾馆的服务。4stress n重压；逼迫；压力；重音；重点 vt.加压力于；使紧张；重读高考佳句People who forgive show less sadness, anger and stress and more hopefulness, according to a recent research.(2013辽宁高考)根据最近的一项研究，宽恕别人的人其悲伤、愤怒和压力都会减轻，而希望却会增加。(1)under stress在压力之下put sb. under great stress 使某人感到沉重的压力lay/place/put stress on sth. 强调某事物(2)stress the importance of 强调的重要性(3)stressed adj. 焦虑不安的；心力交瘁的stressful adj. 有压力的Things can easily go wrong when people are under_stress.人在压力之下，办事情就容易出差错。Father always puts a lot of stress on good table manners.父亲经常强调餐桌礼仪。The life of a high school student is usually active, exciting and full of fun, but it can be stressful (stress) sometimes.高中生的生活通常是积极的、令人激动的、充满快乐的，但有时候也有压力。5prefer vt.更喜欢，宁愿高考佳句The teenagers think their parents dont understand them so they prefer to talk to their friends rather than tell their parents their problems.(2013重庆高考写作)青少年认为他们的父母不理解他们，因此他们宁愿和朋友交谈而不愿和父母谈论他们的问题。(1)prefer doing/to do sth.更喜欢做某事prefer sth. to sth. 喜欢某物胜过某物prefer sb.to do sth. 宁愿某人做某事(2)prefer doing .to doing .prefer to do . rather than do .would do . rather than do .would rather do . than do . 宁愿做而不愿做(3)preference n. 喜爱，偏爱have a preference for . 偏爱Wed prefer playing outdoors to watching (watch) television.我们宁愿在外面玩而不愿看电视。A polar bear has a preference for cold weather.北极熊偏爱寒冷的天气。名师指津(1)prefer不用于进行时态，也不用于被动语态。(2)prefer意为like better，不能说prefer more/better。6stand vt.忍耐，忍受；经得起，经受，承受n.看台；货摊；立场教材原句I cant stand talking in front of the class.我无法忍受在全班同学面前讲话。一词多义写出下列句中stand的含义I cant stand people complaining around me when Im working.忍耐，忍受Modern plastics can stand very high and very low temperatures.经得起，经受，承受Hundreds of people were squeezed up against each other in one corner of the stand.看台His stand toward the matter has not changed.立场Is there any way to utilize (使用) this old bus as a hotdog stand？货摊名师指津stand作“容忍，忍受”讲时，后接动词ing形式作宾语，常用于否定句和疑问句中，无进行时态，也不用于被动语态。7support vt.&n.支持；支撑教材原句His idea to organise a big party has won support from his friends.他组织一个大型聚会的建议已经得到了朋友的支持。(1)support sb. in sth.支持某人做某事(2)lend/give/offer support to sb. 支持某人win/get support from 赢得的支持/拥护in support of .in favour of . 支持/拥护with/without the support of (不)在的支持下They have offered great support to us in terms of material resources, funding and technology.他们从物力、资金和技术上大力支持我们。Several members spoke in_support_of the volunteers at the meeting yesterday.昨天在会议上有几名成员发言支持这些志愿者。8design n&vt.设计；安排；图案；意图；计划高考佳句To make our life easier and the environment more beautiful, I have designed a pair of magic shoes.(2014湖南高考书面表达)为了使我们的生活更容易，环境更美好，我设计了一双有魔力的鞋。(1)by design故意地(2)design . as . 打算把作用design sb. to do/be . 打算让某人做某事/成为be designed to do sth. 目的是/打算做某事be designed for 为所设计(3)designer n. 设计师，设计者His parents designed_him_to_be a doctor after his graduating from Shandong University.从山东大学毕业后，父母想让他当一名医生。I dont know whether they did it by accident or by_design.我不知道他们这样做是偶然的，还是故意的。The method is specifically designed for use in small groups.这种方法是专为小组活动设计的。9suffer vi.感到疼痛，遭受(痛苦)高考佳句It is true that we may suffer from failure from time to time.(2014福建高考书面表达)诚然，我们可能会不时地遭受失败。(1)suffer vt.“遭受；蒙受”，后常接pain, loss, defeat, poverty, hunger, punishment, hardship, damage等名词作宾语(2)suffer vi. 后常接from，表示“受折磨； 受之苦；患某种疾病”(3)suffering n. U痛苦；苦难pl.痛苦；苦恼Having_suffered (suffer) defeat after defeat, he began to lose faith in himself.遭受了一次又一次的失败，他开始对自己失去信心。Most of the major cities of the world suffer from traffic jams.世界上大多数大城市都遭受交通拥堵。.基础点全练(单句语法填空)1The old man went through all kinds of sufferings (suffer) during the war.2I cant stand being_woken (wake) up by the noise outside at midnight.3Suppose/Supposing (suppose) we cant solve the problem，what shall we do next?4He spoke in support of the plan, which made me very happy.5Every time someone comes to me complaining (complain), I can point out the positive side of life.6It doesnt matter to me whether to go by ship or train. Its both the same to me.7I am bored with this job, doing the same thing all day long.8We should switch off the lights when we leave our classroom because we must save electricity.9His life in the big city was hard and finally he was reduced to wandering (wander) in the street.10A lot of people often forget that oral exams are designed to_test (test) our communicative ability.重难点多练1prefer多棱镜(1)句型转换I prefer walking to driving to work.I prefer to walk rather than drive to work.I prefer to take some exercise outside rather than play computer games at home on Sundays.1 I would rather take some exercise outside than play computer games at home on Sundays.2 I would take some exercise outside rather than play computer games at home on Sundays.(2)一句多译她更喜欢和我们一起去而不愿独自留下。1 She_preferred_to_go_with_us_rather_than_stay_behind_alone. (prefer to do sth. rather than do sth.)2 She_preferred_going_with_us_to_staying_behind_alone. (prefer doing sth. to doing sth.)1 She_would_rather_go_with_us_than_stay_behind_alone.(would rather do sth. than do sth.)2 She_would_go_with_us_rather_than_stay_behind_alone.(would do sth. rather than do sth.)2stress点点练(1)一句多译他强调了接受良好教育的重要性。1 He stressed_the_importance_of a good education.(stress v)2 He laid/placed/put_stress_on_the_importance_of a good education.(stress n)3 Stress was_laid/placed/put_on_the_importance_of a good education by him.(2)单句写作我想强调的是每个人都应该更多地倾听他人。What_I_want_to_stress_is_that_each_of_us_should_listen_more_to_others.阅读词汇专练1根据语境选出matter的词性和词义(A)vi.要紧，有重大关系 (B)n.物质 (C)n.问题 (D)n.毛病It doesnt matter whether you turn right or left at the crossing both roads lead to the park._A_He will come to understand your efforts sooner or later. Its just a matter of time.(2012四川高考改编)_C_The doctor asked what was the matter with you._D_Matter can change from one state to another._B_2根据语境选出design的词性和词义This kind of wallpaper comes in a huge range of colours and designs._D_They wanted to design a machine that was both attractive and practical._A_This weekend party was designed to bring the two leaders together._B_She arrived just as we were leaving, but whether this was by accident or by design, I was not sure._E_The design of the building is well matched in colour._C_1go off(铃、爆竹等)响；爆炸；离开；(食物等)变质；变差；不再喜欢教材原句I normally wake up about five minutes before my alarm clock goes off.我一般在闹钟响前大约5分钟醒来。一词多义 出下列句中go off的含义Fireworks were going off all over the city.爆炸Dont go off without saying goodbye.离开Meat goes off quickly in hot weather.(食物等)变质go If you go against nature, it will punish you.如果你违背了大自然，它就会惩罚你。John went_through his pockets looking for the keys.约翰翻遍了他的衣袋找钥匙。熟词生义读句子猜含义Why have they gone off him now?It could be something that he said.不再喜欢2take up拿起；接受；开始从事；继续；占用(时间)；占据(空间)教材原句Meetings and phone calls take up a large part of the day.会议、电话不断，占据了白天的大部分时间。一词多义写出下列句中take up的含义You should take up my suggestion and start saving money.接受She took up the receiver and began to dial the number.拿起Ive settled that Ill drop medicine and take up physics.开始从事Let me sum up last lesson; after that well take up a new lesson.继续3at the moment此刻，目前；那时高考佳句Im sorry to know that youre having such a bad time at the moment.(2014安徽高考书面表达)得知你目前过得不快乐我很遗憾。at this/that moment这时/那时at any moment 随时，马上for the moment 目前，暂时for a moment 一会儿in a moment 马上，过一会儿(常用于将来时)the moment (that) 一就It was quiet for a moment, then Rae spoke.沉寂了片刻，然后雷开始说话了。In order to make our dream come true, Premier Li calls on us to meet new challenges at_any_moment.李总理号召我们为了实现梦想，我们应该随时迎接新的挑战。This house is big enough for/at_the_moment,_but well have to move if we have children.这房子目前还足够大，但是如果有了孩子，我们不得不搬家。4Usually, its so crowded that I cant find anywhere to sit.通常地铁很拥挤，以至于我找不到坐的地方。(1)句中包含了so .that .固定结构，意为“如此以至于”，so后跟形容词或副词，在句中引导结果状语从句。其结构如下：The pop star sang so_beautifully_that he was asked to sing again and again.那个歌星唱得如此动听以至于人们要求他唱了一首又一首。There is so_much_work to do that I wont be able to take off this year.有如此多的工作要做，以至于我今年没有时间度假。(2)such . that .“如此以至于”。It was such_bad_weather that we had to stay at home all the day.天气如此糟糕，以至于我们不得不一整天都待在家里。(3)such . as . “像这样的”， as在句中引导定语从句。They had such a fierce dog as I had never seen.他们家有一条我从未见过的恶狗。名师指津(1)little既有“少”的意思，又有“小”的意思。当“少”讲时后接不可数名词，用so修饰；当“小”讲时后接可数名词，用such修饰。(2)在上述结构中，当so或such位于句首时，主句用倒装结构。So loudly did he speak that even people in the next room could hear him.他讲话声音如此大，以至于隔壁屋里的人都听得见。5We dont have the_same work hours that office workers in the city have.我们和城市里在办公室工作的人的上班时间不同。本句使用了the same . that句型，先行词之前有the same作定语时，引导定语从句的关系词只能用that或as。(1)the same ( .) that意为“和一样”，定语从句中that所指代的人或物与先行词是同一个。(2)the same ( .) as .意为“和一样，和相似”，定语从句中as所指代的人或物与先行词是同一类。This is the same bag as I lost yesterday.(同一类)这个书包和我昨天丢失的相似。This is the same bag that I lost yesterday.(同一个)这正是我昨天丢失的书包。.基础点全练1介词填空/完成句子Go over your homework carefully before you hand it in.They were always ready to go through fire and water for the sake of their friends.He is always ready to take on heavy responsibilities.She came_up_with_a_good_idea (想出了一个好主意) to increase sales on the way to work.This is the same bike that_I_lost_the_other_day (我几天前丢的那辆)This is the same bike as_I_lost_the_other_day (和我几天前丢的那辆一样)2运用所学短语完成片段Li Hua is very busy at/for_the_moment (目前), his work taking up most of his time. In his opinion, life is_filled_with (充满了) challenges and chances are_designed_for (为所设计) those hardworking people, so he prefers to_suffer_from (忍受) being far away from his home rather than become a couch potato.Every day, the moment his alarm clock goes_off (响), he gets up and starts a busy day. He is always the first one to get to the office and the last one to leave. After work he either listens to music to relax himself or switches_on (打开) the