八年级上第一单元.doc

Unit 1知识目标：词汇：exercise, hardly, ever, once, twice, time, Internet, program, result, active, about；milk, junk food, coffee, chocolate, drink, health, habit, try, lifestyle, grade, better, same, as, different, difference, unhealthy, maybe, although, keep, must, less 短语： watch TV, go to movies, surf the Internet , go shopping, read books, once a week, twice a year, three times a day, the result of, as for, how many, of course, look after, a lot of, drink milk, be good for, eat junk food, eating habits句型：1. What do you usually do on weekends? I often go to the movies. 2. How often do you shop？ I shop once a week.3. How often does she exercise?She exercises every day.4. My mother wants me to drink it.5. She says its good for my health.6. I try to eat a lot of vegetables.知识要点1. How often多久(一次)How often do you exercise? 你多久锻炼一次身体？How often does your mother go shopping? 你妈妈多久购一次物？【区别】How often和How many times How often用来提问某个动作间隔多久发生一次，即询问动作发生的频率。通常对一些表示频率的副词进行提问；也可以对频度短语进行提问。 How many times意思是“多少次”，是用来提问做某事的次数的，往往就once, twice, three times等词语进行提问。典型例题：1）Li Ming does his homework every day. （就划线部分提问）How often does Li Ming do his homework?解析：every day属于频度短语，就频度短语提问用How often.2）The old man went to the zoo three times this year.（就划线部分提问）How many times did the old man go to the zoo this year?解析：这里就次数提问用how many times.2. hardly几乎不，简直不There are hardly any students in the classroom.几乎没有学生在教室里。 There is hardly a cloud in the sky. 天空中几乎没有云。【区别】hardly与hard hardly不是hard加后辍所构成的，它是副词，常与can或any连用。 hard可用作形容词，意思为“艰难的，困难的，勤奋的”可等同于“difficult”。它也可用作副词，意思是“努力地，刻苦地，猛烈地”。典型例题：1) 学好英语不难。（翻译成英语） 解析: 答案是Its not hard to learn English. 这里hard为形容词，艰难的，困难的。2) We must (努力学习).解析：在英语中努力学习或努力工作，我们常用work hard来表示，这里hard是副词，修饰前面的动词work.故答案为：work hard3. 【区别】maybe, may bemaybe是副词，意思是“也许，可能”，相当于perhaps, 常用于句首。如：Maybe he will call you tomorrow. 或许他明天给你打电话。 may be是由情态动词may和系动词be构成，译成汉语为“可能是”，在句中作谓语。如：Tom may be at home. 汤姆可能在家。Maybe和may be有时可以互相转换。如：Maybe he is right.可等同于：He may be right.4. although的用法although表示“虽然”，是从属连词，引导让步状语从句，语气较重，且比较正式，所引导的从句放在主句前后均可，可用though替换。注意：though/ although不能和but同时出现在一个句子中，但可以和yet连用。如：Although/Though it is snowing, it is not very cold.=It is snowing, but it is not very cold.= Although/ Though it is snowing, yet it is not very cold. 虽然下着雪，但并不是很冷。语法：一般现在时一般现在时一般现在时的用法1) 表示经常的或习惯性的动作，常与表示频度的副词连用。常用的频度副词有： always、often、 usually、seldom、never。频度副词在句中通常放在行为动词之前，系动词、助动词之后。例如: He often goes swimming in summer.他夏天经常游泳。I usually leave home for school at 7 every morning. 每天早上我七点离开家。2)表示现在的状态。例如：My father is at work.He is very busy. 我父亲在工作，他很忙。The boy is twelve. 这男孩十二岁。3)表示主语具备的性格、特征和能力等。例如：All my family love football .我全家人都喜欢足球。My sister is always ready to help others . 我妹妹总是乐于助人。Ann writes good English but does not speak well. 安英语写得不错，讲的可不行。4)表示客观真理，客观存在，自然现象。例如：The earth moves around the sun. 地球绕太阳转动。Shanghai lies in the east of China. 上海位于中国东部。第三人称单数（包括不可数名词），动词变化规律1、一般情况下，动词后直接加s，如：works,gets,reads等。2、以s，x，ch，sh或o结尾的动词，在后面加es，如：goes,teaches,washes等。3、以辅音字母加y结尾的动词，把y变为i，再加es，如：study-studies,try-tries,carry-carries等。4、动词have遇在主语是第三人称单数时，have改为has，如：He has an interesting book .5、动词be遇有主语是第一人称单数时，be改为am，遇有主语是第二人称时，be改为are，遇有主语是第三人称单数时，be改为is其他人称及复数，动词用原形陈述句I often go to school by bus. She often goes to school by bus.否定句I dont go to school by bus. She doesnt go to school by bus.一般疑问句Do you go to school by bus? Does she go to school by bus?Yes, I do. (肯定回答) Yes, she does. (肯定回答)No, I dont. (否定回答) No, I doesnt. (否定回答)拓展练习： Is your father a doctor?Yes, he is. He_ in Town Hospital. (2006年武汉)A. has worked B. had workedC. works D. worked1、Lucy likes going skating with her friends. (改写成否定句)_2、His watch costs 300 yuan. (变成一般疑问句并否定回答)_3、I like being a nurse for the old. (变成一般疑问句)_4. She does her homework at school.(变成否定句)She _ _ her homework at school.5. He reads English books every day. (变为一般疑问句)_ he _ English books every day?随堂达标一、单项选择1. How often does Kate go hiking? .A. I guess shes OK.B. About an hour.C. Once the week.D. Twice a week.2. There are 50 students in our class. 75% students like going hiking. What does “75%” mean?A. None of the students. B. All the students.C. Most of the students. D. Some of the students.3. They usually do some office work weekdays.A. in B. on C. at D. both B and C5. do you go shopping?Every Sunday.A. How soon B. How many timesC. How much D. How often6. My mother told me _ you anything.A. tell notB. not tell C. to not tellD. not to tell7. “Ill try mistakes again. ”She said.A. dont makeB. not to makeC. not makeD. to not make8. Doing morning exercises your health.A. is bad to B. is good for C. is bad for D. is good to9. he works very hard, he fails.A. Because B. Since C. if D. Although10. _ is “Lucky 52” shown on CCTV-2?Every week.（2006年，黄冈）A. How often B. How longC. How soon D. How many times11. How was the weather yesterday?It was terrible. It rained _. People could go out. A. hardly; hardly B. hard; hardC. hard; hardly D. hardly; hard12. do you exercise?Four times a week. （2006年，宁夏）A. How much B. How often C. How long D. How many13. do you have a class meeting?Once a week.A. How muchB. How oftenC. What timeD. How long14. did you watch TV?About two hours.A. How farB. How oftenC. How soonD. How long二、用单词的适当形式填空。1. My father plays basketball _ (two) a week.2. Jodie often _ (exercise) in the park.3. Maria is _ (act) at school.4. He _ (watch) TV every night.5. How often does your mother exercise?_ (one) a week.6. My mother wants me _ (drink) some milk every day.7. His _ (eat) habits are pretty good, so hes very healthy.8. You must try _ (eat) less meat.三.句型转换1. Most students exercise three times a week.（就划线部分提问） do most students exercise?3. Sandra goes shopping once a month. (对划线部分提问)_ _ _ Sandra _ shopping?2. I sleep nine hours every night.（就划线部分提问） hours do you sleep every night?4. Frank sleeps nine hours every night. (对划线部分提问)_ _ _ _ Frank _ every night?5. She sometimes does her homework at school.（就划线部分提问） does she her homework at school?6. He likes playing volleyball. (对划线部分提问)_ _ he _ playing?四、短文填空A: Hi, Li Lei. What are you (1)_?B: I am reading a letter (2)_ my pen pal.A: How (3)_ does she write to you?B: Once a month.A: (4) _ she like China?B: Yes, she does.A: Do you get together during the summer holiday?B: Yes, and we always have a good time.A: What do you usually (5)_ during the summer holiday?B: We often (6)_ some places of interest.A: What does she (7)_ of them?B: She thinks they are great.五阅读理解Early to bed, early to rise, makes a man healthy, wealthy and wise. This is an old English saying. Have you heard of it before? 3.It means that we must go to bed early and get up early in the morning. Then we shall be healthy. We shall also be rich (wealthy) and clever (wise). This is true.4.The body must have enough sleep to be healthy. Children of young age should have ten hours sleep every night. Children who do not have enough sleep cannot do their work very well. They will not be wise and they may n