让开放思维成为一种习惯---福建省闽清一中 邱秀娟 2016.11.22.doc

让开放思维成为一种习惯福建省闽清第一中学 邱秀娟开放性作文,其特点是图片提供了一定的信息。但考生在写作过程中,不能把文章内容仅仅拘泥于图画表层,而是需要对图片内容进行理解、加工,挖掘其中的内涵。此外,因为此题目具有一定的开放性,在确定好写作主题的基础上,考生可以充分展开自己的想象力,把图中所蕴含的深刻内容用自己独到的语言表述出来。开放性作文一般不提供具体的情景,也没有固定的模式限制,但其体裁和词数仍然要受制于所提供的内容。做此类题型时,审题非常关键。还要根据所判定的体裁打开思路,发挥想象。写此类作文时,要突出重点,直奔主题,不要随便发挥。 针对开放性作文的灵活性与开放性,考生可以按以下步骤写作:一、认真审题,把握要求,找准提示语中的关键句。 开放性作文需要考生根据试题提示的要求进行立意,确定文章的中心思想。立意的基础是审题。因此,考生在着手写作之前,要认真审题,把握命题要求,找准提示语中的关键句。二、依据关键句,草拟提纲,梳理文章脉络。通过认真审题,找准关键句以后,下一步的任务就是安排已选定的材料,为自己心中所设想的材料草拟一个提纲,梳理清楚先后顺序。这样写起来就会有条不紊、条理清楚、详略得当,使得所写的文章中心突出。三、准确定位人称、时态。遣词造句要扬长避短。1.开放性作文通常以提供一个故事材料片段为主。大部分情况下,文中所使用的动词时态以一般过去时为主,但人称的使用较为灵活,考生应该依据文章提示准确定位人称。2.在人称、时态准确定位以后,考生应将重点放在文章的遣词造句上。考生应尽可能运用自己熟悉的单词、短语或句型来灵活表达,但要避免单词、短语或句型的重复使用。简而言之,开放性作文的写作思路和汉语作文非常相似。首先要明确主题,然后根据主题构建文章的主体结构,即写作提纲,最后在写作过程中要突出主题、层次分明。在写作议论文类的开放性看图作文时要注意下面几个方面，并掌握一些常用经典句型：1第一段阐述图画中的内容与主题。经常用到的句型有：(1)As is shown in the picture.(2)As we can see in the picture.(3)In the picture we can see that.(4)From the picture I can see.(5)What an interesting picture!2第二段结合考生的生活实际或学习实际，阐明图画的寓意及其对我们生活的启示，常用到的句型：(1)The picture is trying to tell us that.(2)The picture reflects a common social problem.(3)The picture vividly shows.(4)The picture conveys a message that.(5)I think the picture wants to show us that.(6)From the picture, we can draw a conclusion that.(7)As the picture suggests，.(8)This picture makes me think a lot about.(9)It reminds me of.一开放作文试题特点：1）借助一幅漫画，鼓励学生发散思维，表达自己对画面中内容的理解。2）在观察、理解试题的前提下，从不同角度展开想象，表达自己观点。3）试题的趣味性与解题的挑战性；4）能力的发展性与答案的开放性。二开放作文的关键：审题最为关键关注开放作文文章结构漫画的画面细节 漫画的夸张寓意(与现实的矛盾之处)案例1.案例2.案例3.案例4 请根据下面提示，写一篇短文，词数不少于50。In your spoken English class, your teacher shows you the following picture. You are asked to describe the picture and explain how you understand it.One possible version： In the picture, there stands a tree full of fruit on one side of the stream. Across the stream, a man is trying to reach out on the edge of the bank for the fruit with a net attached to a pole. Not far away there is a bridge that can lead him to the tree for more fruit.The message conveyed in the picture is clear. In pursuing a dream, we might focus on only one way of making it come true, forgetting that there may be alternatives. As indicated in the picture, if the man is willing to look for other possibilities, he can find a better and more rewarding way to achieve his goal. All he has to do is to turn around, cross the bridge and walk to the tree.案例5 请根据下面提示，写一篇短文。词数不少于50。In an English speech competition, you are asked to describe the following picture and explain to the judges how you understand it.满分作文 From the picture I can see a pair of proud compasses and a hard-working pencil. The compasses are big, drawing a circle with ease, while the pencil is small, drawing a line with great effort. I think the compasses are reasonable to be proud because no one else can do the job better. At the same time, however, he should realize the pencil has his own advantages. The pencil can do other shapes better than the compasses, even pictures. So in my opinion, while we are confident in ourselves, we should recognize strengths in others and show due respect for them. 本文考生以独到的眼光对圆规与铅笔的长处和短处进行了比较，然后联系生活实际，揭示人生哲理，自然到位，并有以下亮点：(1)第二句运用了while连接并列句，表示意义上的转折对比，并且本句还使用了两个drawing现在分词短语作状语。(2)最后一句运用了关联词so, in my opinion以及while引导的让步状语从句。一、立意与议论理解图片（2/3篇幅）：理解时要有升华，有深度，结合现实生活围绕话题进行议论。 1.两个物象的立意与议论 图中出现两个主要物象时，描图和议论时注意两者之间的对比关系。这是有几年高考的热点。 （1）城市雕塑长衫的老者和时髦的少女； （2）大鸟和小鸟； （3）铅笔和圆规。 案例5： 开放作文 请根据下面提示，写一篇短文。 词数不少于50。 In an English speech competition, you are asked to describe the following picture and explain to the judges how you understand it.可接受的观点思路1：圆规骄傲，而铅笔努力、执著。宣扬一种奋斗精神。思路2：圆规原地徘徊，而铅笔永往直前。鼓励人们为实现人生目标而前进。思路3：圆规可以画出精彩的圆，铅笔可以画出笔直的线。选择适当的工具完成不同的目标。思路4：圆规可以画出精彩的圆，铅笔可以画出笔直的线。不同的事物有自己的优势和劣势。号召人们发挥优势，完成目标。2. 单个物象的议论图中出现一个物象时，描图和议论时注意抓住漫画所表达的引申含义。 案例6： 请根据下面提示，写一篇短文。词数不少于50。 In your English class，you are asked to describe this picture of a wooden barrel and explain to your classmates how you understand it审图：（1）. 一个由不同长度木板构成的木桶，水从最短板处流出。（2）. 结论：人要全面发展，个别缺点会影响人的成功。 团队要共同发展，个别人落后会影响整体的进步。 文体：议论文 时态：一般现在时 人称：第一人称 Possible ideas1. What you see at the first glance may limit your thinking. 2. We must look deeper so as not to be cheated by the surface. 3. Everyone can grow old. Treasure your time. 4. Its more than one way to look at something. 5. We should have positive attitude towards failure. (improper)3. 多个物象的议论图中出现多个物象时，描图和议论时注意抓住漫画所表达的主要矛盾，要有的放矢、中心突出。案例7： 请根据下面提示，写一篇短文。词数不少于50。 In your English class，you are asked to describe the following picture and explain to your classmates how you understand itrun downPossible ideas：1. sunset-forget the past-value the normal daily life;2. two girls-one brave (success); one afraid (failure)3. sunset-sad-let it pass-wait for sunrise4. two girls help each other-friendship help us succeed5. watch sunrise-get hope/courage-get over the difficulties图片信息：1. 两个孩子2. 孩子面前的弯弯的小路、高山、树木3. 远方光芒四射、蓬勃而出的太阳二、描图 用第三人称和一般现在时描述图片内容，描图时做到内容充实、具体、形象、生动。描图时尽量不加入个人观点。 描图是为下文对漫画的理解奠定基础，要根据所要阐明的理解内容有的放矢、中心突出，而并非仅仅将漫画中的所有看到的内容都逐一罗列出来。 描图篇幅一般不超过1/3。From the picture I can see a pair of proud compasses and a hard-working pencil. The compasses are big, drawing a circle with ease, while the pencil is small, drawing a line with great effort.In the picture, we can see it is raining hard. But to our surprise, a gentleman is watering flowers, holding an umbrella in his hand.In the picture, a boy is trying hard to push forward the hour hand of the clock while an old man is making a great effort to push backward the minute hand of the same clock. Both of them are trying their best, but in the opposite directions. 图片信息： 1. 狂风 2. 一棵树被狂风吹折； 3. 草只被吹弯，依然挺立；As can be seen in the picture, a tree is broken by the strong wind, while the grass still stays as it is. Weak and small as the grass is, it can stand the strong wind.注意： 1.图片概括的意境； 2.描图的倾向性； 3.各个环节的衔接过渡； 开放作文试题的要求：4逻辑清楚：完整呈现推理过程，对漫画的描述与个人理解的表达相互呼应，构成一个有机的整体。5语言规范，交际得体：用词准确，表述清晰，有条理，语言流畅。 开放作文的立意1) 两个物象（大树和小草）的对比。大树虽然强壮，但经不住狂风；小草虽然弱小，但是很坚韧。内心的力量强大很重要。2) 尺有所短，寸有所长。每个人都有自己擅长的一面。不要因为自己在某方面比别人强，就因此而看不起别人。他人也有你所不及的地方。取长补短，互相学习才能自我完善。 3）不以外表判断人；4）坚持真理，刚直不阿；5）学会适应环境，适者生存；6）面对不同的形势要学会灵活的改变；7）遇到困难要学会改变自我；8）攀登越高，风险越大；开放作文的dozens of不当立意1) 主观臆断型：树干是空的；骄傲自大易败；2）空穴来风型：乐观积极的态度；风不能乱吹；3）无病呻吟型：态度决定一切；坚持就是胜利；4）胡言论语型：独生子女问题；常怀怜悯之心； 人不能太另类；5）文化干扰型：木秀于林，风必吹之；枪打出头 鸟；树大招风；6）一叶障目型：环境污染，生态平衡；案例8 请根据下面提示及图画,写一篇英语短文。In an English class,you are asked to describe the following picture and explain to the class how you understand it.1.文体信息(1)体裁:开放性作文(夹叙夹议类)(2)时态:一般现在时态为主(3)人称:第三人称2.思路点拨 (1)首先要仔细审图,并对画中的含义加以描述;(2)分析产生这种现象的原因;(3)你的看法或建议。在陈述个人观点时,为了条理清晰起见,可使用first(ly),second(ly)等过渡衔接词As can be seen from the picture, a school boy is burdened with such heavy homework that it seems as if he can hardly bear it any more.What has caused students heavy learning loads in China? Firstly, most teachers intend to give their students a lot of exercises to do after school in order to le