虚拟语气解.doc

虚拟语气详解1. 基本的三种形式与结构：1） 与现在事实相反If +小主语+动词的过去式+其他, 主语+would/could/should/might+ v.原形+其他。If there were no water in the world, there would be no life.2） 与过去事实相反If +小主语+had done+其他, 主语+would/could/should/might+ have done +其他。He would have been there by now if he had not missed the train.3） 与将来事实相反If +小主语+were to或should + v.原形+其他, 主语+would/could/should/might + v.原形+其他。If I should leave for Shanghai tomorrow, we would meet again next week.注：a)虚拟语气与过去时态脱离不了干系，即从句中是这样，主句中谓语部分中的首助动词只能用would/could/should/might中的一个，但必须要用一个。(Will can shall may must)b)倒装：如果在虚拟语气的条件句中的结构为if +小主语+助动词were/had+其他,那么这种句型可以转化为were/had+小主语+其他.Had he not missed the train, she should have been there two days ago.c) 如果在虚拟语气的条件句中出现was时, 更多的情况改用were.If I were you, I would leave him soon.d)交叉使用所谓虚拟语气的交叉使用问题是指: 虚拟条件部分与主句部分不是简单对同一种时态进行的假设, 这种情况下应将两部分分别选用不同的句型.If it had not been for me, you would not be free now.If I had studied hard in the university, I should be sitting in a spacious office now.2 表示建议要求的词(suggest ask propose advise insist require demand recommend command desire order move decide decree vote; suggestion proposal advice requirement request decision demand decree instruction order resolution; advisable appropriate desirable imperative obligatory)所涉及到的宾语从句、定语从句、同位语从句、表语从句、宾语补足语从句等，无论这些词以什么词性( v./ n. / adj.）出现，这些从句中的谓语动词必须用（should+）v.原形The board proposed that somebody neutral take the chair.Your advice that she wait till next week is reasonable.His suggestion is that all the net bars should remain closed.I think it advisable that a secretary be appointed at once. 3 It is / was + important necessary essential crucial vital impossible proper + that +小主语(+should) + v.原形It is essential that all the applicants should be interviewed one by one.4 wished/wish + that +小主语+did或had done + 其他。（通常来说，一般情况下用did, 只有在宾语从句中有表示过去的时间状语时用 had done 的形式）I wish I could go to the moon some day.I wish I did the job well.I wish I had finished my homework two hours ago. 5 It is (high) time+that +小主语+did+其他。Its time we had a rest.6 + lest 或 for fear that+小主语(+should) + v.原形+其他。Wed better take an umbrella lest it rain.7 主语+would rather+小主语+did+其他。I would rather you stayed at home and watched TV with me.8 在含有But for + n.或pron. /without+ n.或pron.的状语的句子中, 主句根据实际情况判断采取1.中的相应句型。But for his help, I might have failed in the final exam.9 Otherwise是adv.,根据语境判断采取1.中的相应句型。We must work hard; otherwise we would be left behind soon.10 as if/as though 往前推进一个时态，例如：该用一般现在时的改用一般过去时；该用一般过去时的改用过去完成时等。The teacher repeated the simple sentence several times as if we were pupils.11 主语+prefer + that+小主语(+should) + v.原形+其他。Teachers prefer that we think for ourselves.12 or, or else等是连词用，意为“否则”，其后的句子有时也应根据语境判断采取1.中的相应句型。13 用在固定句型中:Long live the Peoples Republic of China!God bless you!God damn you!Heaven forbid!D