SAP教材ABAP.doc

SAP Modules透過ABAP實現流程與功能SD：Sales & DistributionMM：Materials MgmtPP：Production PlanningHR：Human ResourcesFI：Financial Accounting CO：Controlling AM: Asset Mgmt.QM：Quality Mgmt. PSWF A-dvanced B-usiness A-pplication P-rogramming程式設計Report流程 Data declarations Select-Options(Criteria) layout Program edit ReportData declarations : Data type Initial sizeValid sizeInitial value Description C 1 1 - 65535SPACEText, Character (alphanumeric characters) N 1 1 - 6553500.0Numeric text I 440Integer (whole number) F 880Floating point number P 81 160Packed number D 8800000000Date (format: YYYYMMDD) T 66000000Time(format: HHMMSS) X 1 1 65535X00Hexadecimall 變數 DATA：L_ Char_1(30) TYPE C VALUE 全懋精密科技股份有限公司, L_Char_2(30) VALUE Phoenix Precision Technology Corporation，L_Int TYPE I， L_Num(10) TYPE N， L_Dec TYPE P DECIMALS 5 VALUE 2 l 宣告Table & 定義Internal table TABLES：MARADATA：BEGIN OF itab_1 OCCURS 0， field1 TYPE I， field2(10)， field3 LIKE mara-matnr， END OF itab_1DATA：BEGIN OF itab_2 OCCURS 0 INCLUDE STRUCTURE MARA DATA：field1 TYPE I DATA：field1 TYPE I， field3 LIKE mara-matnrDATA：END OF itab_2DATA：itab_mara LIKE MARA OCCURS 0 WITH HEADER LINEInternal Table 與 Work Area：畫面宣告 The Event ConceptEvent KeywordEvent DescriptionINITIALIZATIONExecuted before the selection screen is displayed.START-OF-SELECTIONEvent after processing the selection screen. The system sets this event keyword automatically when you specify no other event keyword 一般會在這裡撰寫撈資料(SELECT FROM)到internal table， 以及對資料做再處理的的程式碼。END-OF-SELECTIONEvent after processing all lines offered by the logical database in use. ( processing block is executed at the end of program)一般會在此處撰寫輸出報表的程式碼。TOP-OF-PAGEEvent during list processing when a new page starts.(before the first data is output on a new page)置放每頁報表都要顯示的表頭資訊，如公司名稱&報表名稱&欄位名稱。END-OF-PAGEEvent is executed whenever processing reaches that area when formatting a list page or if the RESERVE statement detects that there is insufficient space remaining on the current page.當一頁印到滿頁時，後面會接印此處所設定要輸出的內容，但是如果報表最後一頁沒有印滿，則不會被印出。程式執行順序 載入data declarations ( 全域變數, internal table結構, include程式碼 ) Selection-options停在輸入條件的畫面,等待user填入資料 Start of selection開始撈取資料 End of selection 開始輸出報表 TOP OF PAGE 系統會自動判斷是否正要列印第一頁或剛剛換頁, 如果是, 系統會進來此處輸出這裡所設定要列印的表頭內容 繼續列印表身資料 END OF PAGE 印完所有表身資料後, 系統會自動進入此處, 輸出表尾資訊.基本程式指令 SelectSELECT FROM INTO WHERE ReadREAD TABLE WITH KEY .READ TABLE INDEX .InsertINSERT INTO VALUES .INSERT FROM TABLE ModifyMODIFY FROM INDEX MODIFY FROM .MODIFY FROM TABLE .UpdateUPDATE FROM UPDATE SET . WHERE .UPDATE FROM TABLE .DeleteDELETE FROM .DELETE FROM TABLE .DELETE FROM WHERE .AppendAPPEND .WRITE 基本程式指令 Formatting options for all data typesOptionPurposeLEFT-JUSTIFIEDOutput is left-justified.CENTEREDOutput is centered.RIGHT-JUSTIFIEDOutput is right-justified.UNDER Output starts directly under the field .A NO-GAP, BThe blank after the field is omitted.USING EDIT MASK Specifies a format template .USING NO EDIT MASKDeactivates a format template specified in the ABAP/4 Dictionary.NO-ZEROIf a field contains only zeros, these are replaced byblanks. For type C and N fields, leading zeros are replaced automatically.Formatting options for numeric fieldsOptionPurposeNO-SIGNThe leading sign is not output.DECIMALS defines the number of digits after the decimal point.EXPONENT In type F fields, the exponent is defined in .ROUND Type P fields are multiplied by 10*(-r) and then rounded.CURRENCY Format according to currency in table TCURX.UNIT The number of decimal places is fixed according to the unit specified in table T006 for type P fields.Formatting options for date fieldsOptionPurposeDD/MM/YYSeparators as defined in users master recordMM/DD/YYSeparators as defined in users master recordDD/MM/YYYYSeparators as defined in users master recordMM/DD/YYYYSeparators as defined in users master recordDDMMYYNo separators.MMDDYYNo separators.YYMMDDNo separators.判斷 與 迴圈條件if/endif： IF l_datatype = A WRITE： A ELSEIF l_datatype = B WRITE： B ELSE WRITE： C ENDIF條件case/endcase： CASE l_datatype WHEN A WRITE： A WHEN B WRITE： B WHEN OTHERS WRITE： C ENDCASE迴圈：DO TIMES .ENDDO執行迴圈次數WHILE .ENDWHILE進入迴圈LOOP AT .ENDLOOPinternal table有幾筆記錄, 迴圈就執行幾次CONTINUE回到最近的迴圈開頭處EXIT跳離迴圈CHECK 邏輯為True, 則繼續往下執行；若為False,則回呼叫程式的上一層.PERFORM副程式 (執行subroutine)PERFORM. USING . CHANGING . .FORM . USING . CHANGING . .l 每個 PERFORM, 會對應一個 FORM/ENDFORM.l PERFORM是執行副程式的呼叫者, 而FORM/ENDFORM是一個等待被呼叫的副程式.PERFORM USING V1 V2 V3 傳入的變數值 CHANGING V4 V5. 傳出的變數值FORM USING x1 x2 x3 CHANGING x4 x5ENDFORMEXP.DATA: l_num1 TYPE I VALUE 1， l_num2 TYPE I VALUE 2， l_total TYPE IPERFORM ADDIT USING l_num1 l_num2 CHANGING l_totall_num1 = 10l_num2 = 20PERFORM ADDIT USING l_num1 l_num2 CHANGING l_total*FORM ADDIT USING add_num1 add_num2 CHANGING add_total Add_total = add_num1 + add_num2 PERFORM OUTPUT USING add_num1 add_num2 CHANGING add_totalENDFORM*FORM OUT USING out_num1 out_num2 CHANGING out_total WRITE：/ out_num1, and, out_num2, are, out_totalENDFORM輸出結果：1 and 2 are 310 and 20 are 30Internal Table迴圈內的AT指令 MeaningAT FIRST / ENDATFirst line of the internal tableAT LAST / ENDATLast line of the internal tableAT NEW / ENDATBeginning of a group of lines with the same contents in the field and in the fields left of AT END Of / ENDATEnd of a group of lines with the same contents in the field andin the fields left of LOOP AT . AT FIRST. . ENDAT. AT NEW . . ENDAT. AT END OF . . ENDAT. AT LAST. . ENDAT.ENDLOOP.建立第一支REPORT程式：1. 使用SE38程式名稱開頭第一碼, SAP規定限用Z或Y或X2. 維護Program Attributesa. 標題：處填入報表名稱b. 類型 & 狀態：參照下圖設定3. a. 依程式的模組別, 決定這支程式要掛在哪一個開發類別裡. 程式撰寫完成存檔時, 系統會產生一個Request Number, 當程式測試完畢要轉PRD時, 系統會把此Request Number下面所有的物件, 同時轉上去.b. 測試程式(以後不需轉PRD), 開發類不要填, 請直接選 本端物件 , 開發類別會被設定$TMP, Temporary Objects(never transported). 如何在AP畫面找Table欄位名稱：1. 後勤系統 物料管理 物料主檔 物料 顯示 MM032.輸入料號；選擇檢視：基本資料1找出物料群組SAP的table欄位游標置放在 物料群組, 按F1, 跳出下圖的Performance Assitant.按 技術資訊 跳出下圖，可以查看表格名稱與欄位名稱, 以及其他程式相關資訊.對欄位名稱