2015年工商银行校园招聘考试英语专项深度练习——阅读理解(一).doc

2015年工商银行校园招聘考试英语专项深度练习(一)The “standard of living” of any country means the average persons share of the goods and services which the country produces. A countrys standard of living， therefore， depends first and foremost on its capacity to produce wealth. “Wealth” in this sense is not money， for we do not live on money but on things that money can buy： “goods” such as food and clothing， and “services” such as transport and entertainment.A countrys capacity to produce wealth depends upon many factors， most of which have an effect on one another. Wealth depends to a great extent upon a countrys natural resources， such as coal， gold， and other minerals， water supply and so on. Some regions of the world are well supplied with coal and minerals， and have a fertile soil and a favorable climate; other regions possess perhaps only one of these things， and some regions possess none of them. The U. S. A is one of the wealthiest regions of the world because she has vast natural resources within her borders， her soil is fertile， and her climate is varied. The Sahara Desert， on the other hand， is one of the least wealthy.Next to natural resources comes the ability to turn them to use. China is perhaps as well off as the U. S. A. in natural resources， but suffered for many years from civil and external wars， and for this and other reasons was. unable to develop her resources. Sound and stable political conditions， and freedom from foreign invasion， enable a country to develop its natural resources peacefully and steadily， and to produce more wealth than another country equally well served by nature but less well ordered. Another important factor is the technical efficiency of a countrys people. Old countries that have， through many centuries， trained up numerous skilled craftsmen and technicians are better placed to produce wealth than countries whose workers are largely unskilled. Wealth also produces wealth. As a country becomes wealthier， its people have a large margin for saving， and can put their savings into factories and machines which will help workers to turn out more goods in their working day.1. A countrys wealth depends upon_. ，A. its standard of livingB. its moneyC. its ability to provide goods and servicesD. its ability to provide transport and entertainment2. The word “foremost” means_.A. most importantly B. firstlyC. largely D. for the most part3. The main idea of the second paragraph is that_.A. a countrys wealth depends on many factorsB. the U. S. A. is one of the wealthiest countries in the worldC. the Sahara Desert is a very poor regionD. natural resources are an important factor in the wealth or poverty of a country4. The third paragraph mentions some of the advantages which one country may have over another in making use of its resources. How many such advantages are mentioned in this paragraph？A. 2 B. 3C. 4 D. 55. The second sentence.in Paragraph 3 is_.A. the main idea of the paragraphB. an example supporting the main idea of the paragraphC. the conclusion of the paragraphD. not related to the paragraph答案：1. C 2. A 3. A 4. B 5. BThe productivity of Americans employed in private businesses has declined. The productivity of workers in countries such as Japan and Germany is increasing. American machine tools， on average， are old， relatively inefficient， and rapidly becoming obsolete， whereas those of our competitors overseas， in comparison， are newer and more efficient. We are no longer the most productive workers in the world. We are no longer the leaders in industrial innovation （革新）。 We are an immenselywealthy nation of educated men and women who seem to have lost sight of the fact that everythingfrom the simplest necessities to the finest luxuriesmust be produced through our own collective hard work. We have come to expect automatic increases in our collective standard of living， but we seem to have forgotten that these increases are possible only when our productivity continues to grow.One thing that must change is the rate at which we substitute capital equipment for human labor. Simply put， our labor force has increased at a far greater rate than has our stock of capital investment. We seem to have forgotten that our past productivity gains， to a large extent， were realized from substitutions of capital for human labor. Today， 3 times as many robots are listed as capital assets by Japanese firms as by United States firms.There is no doubt that robots will become a common sight in American factories. Representing a new generation of technology， robots will replace factory labor much as the farm tractor replaced the horse. Robot technology has much to offer. It offers higher levels of productivity and quality at lower costs; in promises to free men and women from the dull， repetitious toil of the factory， it is likely to have an impact on society comparable to that made by the growth of computer technology.1. The word “obsolete”（Para. 1） most probably means_.A. weak B. oldC. new D. out of date2. The author is anxious about_.A. his people no longer taking the lead in industrial innovationB. his country no longer being a wealthy nationC. his people forgetting to raise their productivityD. his country falling behind other industrial nations3. According to the author， in his country_.。A. the proportion of labor force to capital investment is quite lowB. the growth rate of labor force should be greater than that of capital investmentC. the productivity increases should be achieved by the increases of labor forceD. capital investment should have increased more rapidly than labor force4. So far as the influence on society is concerned， _.A. robot technology seems to be much more promising than computer technologyB. computer technology has less to offer than robot technologyC. robot technology can be compared with computer technologyD. robot technology cannot be compared with computer technology5. The purpose of the author in writing this passage is to show that_.A. robots will help increase labor productivityB. robots will rule American factoriesC. robots are cheaper than human laborersD. robots will finally replace humans in factories答案：1. D 2. C 3. D 4. C 5. ASugar is so much a part of our modern life that we only really think about it when， for some _1_ ， we cannot obtain it. It has been known to man for at least 3，000 years， but has _2_ into common use only in _3_times. Until quite recently it was considered as a medicine and as a luxury for the very rich only.Sugar is， then， _4 _to our civilization. But what_5_ is it？ Of course， most of us recognize sugar immediately as the sweet material which we put in coffee or cakes. This common form of sugar is derived from two plants： the sugar cane （a type of grass which grows to a height of twenty feet） and the sugar beet （which grows under ground）。 But there are in fact many types of sugar， and the chemist recognizes hundreds of different _6_ ， each coming from a different source.About 90% of the sugar is produced as food. Only 10% is used in industry for _7_other than food production. Yet sugar has great possibilities for use as the basis of chemicals. It can even be used for making plastics. In the future these potential uses will certainly be developed more than in the past.There are many reasons why we should _8_the production of sugar. Most important is that it is one of the most highly concentrated of energy foods.Thus sugar cane and beet produce an average of 7，000，000 calories per acre. In this way they have the advantage over potatoes which give only 4， 000， 000， while the_9_ for wheat and beans is 2 ，000，000 each. So three acres of land growing wheat， beans and potatoes give only _10_more energy than one acre of sugar.A. slightly B. intention C. reason D. modernE. strongly F. figure G. come H. significantI. exactly J. increase K. proposals L. turn M. purposes N. varieties O. serious答案：I. C 2. G 3. D 4. H 5. I 6. N 7. M 8. J 9. F 10. AMore than 60 percent of all high school graduates continue their formal education after graduation. Many attend colleges that offer four-year programs leading to a bachelors degree. College students are called undergraduates， and their four years of study are divided into the freshman， sophomore， junior， and senior years. In most colleges the first two years are designed to provide a broad general education， and during this time the college student is usually required to take courses in general areas of study， such as English， science， foreign languages， and social science. By the junior year the student begins to major in one particular field of study， or discipline.Some institutions of higher learning offer only the four-year college program. A university offers graduate or post-college programs， as well. Graduate degrees in fields such as English literature， chemistry， and history are granted by graduate schools of arts and sciences. These schools may offer one- or two-year programs leading to a masters degree （M. A. ）， and programs lasting three years or more that lead to the degree of doctor of Philosophy （Ph. D. ）。 A candidate for a Ph. D. must meet certain course requirements in his field， pass written and oral examinations， and present a written thesis based on original research. Some universities offer postdoctoral programs that extend study and research beyond the Ph. D.Many universities also have what are called professional schools for study in such fields as law， medicine， engineering， architecture， social work， business， library science， and education. Professional schools differ widely in their requirements for admission and the lengths of their programs. Medical students， for example， must complete at least three years of premedical studies at an undergraduate school before they can enter the three- or four-year program at a medical school. Engineering and architecture students， on the other hand， can enter a four- or five-year professional school immediately upon completion of secondary school.The various disciplines， or fields of study， are organized by department. These departments are staffed by faculty members ranging from full professors toinstructors. A full professor has tenure， which is permanent appointment with guaranteed employment at the institution until his retirement. Ranking below the full professors are the associate professors， who may or may not have tenure， depending on the policy of the particular college or university. Next are the assistant professors， who do not have tenure. At the bottom of this academic ladder are the instructors. They are usually young teachers who have just received their doctorates or will receive them shortly. Sometimes graduate students are employed as part-time teaching assistants while they are completing their graduate work.Today almost 5 million men and more than 3 million women attend more than 2500 colleges and universities. Approximately 85 percent of these schools are coeducational， which means that both men and women are enrolled in the same institutions. Colleges range in size from a few hundred students to many thousands. Several universities have more than 20， 000 undergraduate and graduate students on one campus. A number of large state institutions maintain branches on several different campuses throughout the state. Classes vary from seminars， or small discussion groups， of fewer than twenty to large lecture courses for hundreds of students.Approximately one-fourth of all college and university students attend private institutions. The rest study at state or municipal， publicly financed colleges and universities. Every state has at least one public university， and in addition there are several hundred state and locally supported colleges. The academic programs of these private and public institutions are very similar. Indeed， there are only a few important differences between public and private colleges. Private colleges are privately organized and privately run; public institutions are operated under the control of state or local officials. The other differences involve admissions policies and the methods by which public and private institutions are financed.Admission to a state university is usually open to all men and women who have graduated from high schools of the state and who have satisfactory high school records. Many state universities require students to earn high scores on achievement and aptitude examinations， but the underlying philosophy is that all students who want an education and are qualified should have the opportunity to continue their education at public institutions. Tuition rates are low， compared to private-college costs， and scholarship aid and loans are frequently available. A few nonresidents are admitted to state schools， but they must pay much higher tuition fees than residents of the state.Admission to some private colleges is more selective and rigid than admission to some public institutions， and frequently the student body is smaller. High school applicants to some private colleges must submit detailed application forms， and they must take scholastic aptitude and achievement examinations. College admissions committees decide which students to accept， basing their judgment on these applications， the results of the examinations， high school records， and other factors such as personal interviews with the applicants and letters of recommendation from high school teachers. For certain colleges， such as Harvard， Yale， Princeton， Stanford， and Columbia， applications usually far exceed the number of students who are accepted. In 1975 ， for example， Harvard received 7620 applications for 1500 available places.The average private college tuition in the early 1970s was $ 2161 a year. This figure was approximately four times greater than the average public-college tuition. At Harvard， tuition cost $3200 in 1973-1974. The University of Massachusetts， a publicly supported institution in the same state， charged $ 300 for a state resident. These tuition figures do not include the costs of room， food， and other everyday living expenses. Some students receive scholarship assistance and loans to help pay for the cost of their education. Many students at private and public colleges work while they are attending school， in order to pay their expenses.Almost 1500 American colleges and universities are privately organized and financed. More than half the income of these institutions comes from student tuition payments. The rest comes from private gifts， endowment earnings， and some federal research grants， Because of steadily rising costs， many private institutions have had to raise tuition rates， reduce scholarship aid， and limit some academic programs. The poor financial condition of most private institutions is a very serious problem in the world of higher education today.Student fees account for only 15 percent of the income of public colleges and universities. The rest comes from municipal or state and some federal government sources. Although public institutions have also experienced the problem of rising costs， they have often been able to depend on state legislators f