2015高考一轮复习讲义：必修1 Unit 5 Nelson Mandela—a modern hero.doc

Unit 5Nelson Mandelaa modern hero1generous(adj.)慷慨的；大方的2principle(n.)法则；原则；原理3stage(n.)舞台；阶段；时期4vote(vt.& vi.)投票；选举(n.)投票；选票；表决5attack(vt.)进攻；攻击；抨击6escape(vi.)逃脱；逃走；泄露7opinion(n.)意见；看法；主张8quality(n.)质量；品质；性质quantity(n.)数量，量9active(adj.)积极的；活跃的actively(adv.)积极地；活跃地activity(n.)活动10devote(vt.)献身，专心于devoted(adj.)忠实的；深爱的devotion(n.)献身；奉献；忠诚11peaceful(adj.)和平的；平静的；安宁的peacefully(adv.)peace(n.)和平；平静；和睦12legal(adj.)法律的；依照法律的illegal(反义词，adj.)非法的，违法的13violence(n.)暴力；暴行violent(adj.)暴力的，猛烈的14equal(adj.)相等的；平等的equality(n.)平等；相等equally(adv.)同样地；相等地；公平地15educate(vt.)教育；训练educated(adj.)受过教育的；有教养的education(n.)教育educator(n.)教育工作者，教育家16beg(vi.)请求；乞求beggar(n.)乞丐17reward(n.)报酬；奖金；(vt.)酬劳；奖赏rewarding(adj.)值得的；有益的；有回报的1out_of_work失业 2as_a_matter_of_fact事实上3come_to_power当权；上台 4turn_to求助于；致力于5be_sentenced_to被判处(徒刑) 6worry_about担心7believe_in信仰，信任 8in_trouble处于麻烦中，处于困境中9lose_heart丧失勇气或信心 10set_up设立；建立11put.in_prison把投入监狱 12fight_against反对而斗争1The last thirty years have seen the greatest number of laws stopping our rights and progress，until today we have reached a stage where we have almost no rights at all.过去30年来所出现的大量法律剥夺我们的权利，阻挡我们的进步，一直到今天，我们还处在几乎什么权利都没有的阶段。where引导定语从句修饰stage。例句仿写：我已经到了应该自己作出决定的人生阶段。I have reached a point in my life where_I_am_supposed_to make decisions of my own.2.only then did we decide to answer violence with violence.只有到那个时候，我们才决定用暴力反抗暴力。only修饰状语放在句首，句子用部分倒装。例句仿写：只有当我们所有人帮助地震灾区的人们时他们才能很快恢复正常的生活。Only when all of us help the people in the earthquake area will_they_return_to_their_normal_life quickly.3I felt bad the first time I talked to a group. 第一次给旅行团作讲解时，我的心情很糟糕。the first time引导时间状语从句。例句仿写：我第一次见到她时认为她善良诚实。I thought her kind and honest the_first_time_I_met_her.4However，this was a time when one had got to have a passbook to live in Johannesburg.那个时候你要想住在约翰内斯堡就非得要有身份证不可。this was a time when.曾经，一度，when引导定语从句修饰先行词time。例句仿写：曾经有一段时间妇女没有选举权。There was once a time when_women_had_no_right_to_vote.devote vt.献身；专心于He has devoted his whole life to world peace.他把一生都致力于世界和平。 (1)devote oneself/ones energy/time/attention to sth./doing sth.奉献于；献身于(2)(3)devotion n关爱，关照；奉献，忠诚Im devoting all my time and energy to_caring_for my son right now.目前我把所有的时间和精力都放在照顾儿子上。Her son，to whom she is (so) devoted，went abroad last year，leaving her alone in the small village.她非常疼爱的儿子去年去了国外，留下她一个人在小村子里。He is a_devoted_friend of mine，a man I can always depend on.他是我的挚友，一个我一直可以依靠的人。Her devotion to her career left her with little time to take care of her family.她全身心投入工作，几乎没有时间来照顾家人。vote vt.& vi.投票；选举；n.投票；票教材原句P34：Black people could not vote or choose their leaders.当时黑人没有选举权，他们无权选择他们的领导人。 (1)(2)put.to the vote付诸表决，裁决I thought the plan was very good，so I voted_for it.我认为这项计划很好，于是我投了赞成票。We will listen to the arguments on both sides and then vote on it.我们将先听听双方的论点，然后再表决。equal v等于；抵得上；adj.相等的；胜任的；n.同等的人；相等物教材原句P34：But I was happy to help because I knew it would help us achieve our dream of making black and white people equal.但是，我乐于帮忙，因为我知道，这是为了实现我们黑人和白人平等的梦想。 (1)A equals B in.A在方面比得上Bbe equal ton./doing sth.等于；与相等；胜任be without equal/have no equal无与伦比；无敌(2)equality n相等；平等 equally adv.相等地；平等地Little joy can equal that of a surprising ending when you read stories.没有什么乐趣比得上在你阅读故事时一个出人意料的结尾所带来的乐趣。Any man will be_equal_to the task，so long as he is careful.You should give it a try.只要他细心，任何一个人都胜任这份工作，你应该尝试一下。Anyone，whether he is an official or a bus driver，should be equally respected.任何人，无论他是官员还是公交车司机，都应得到平等的尊重。reward n& v报答；报酬；奖赏If youre not willing to put in the time and work，dont expect to receive any rewards.如果你不愿意花时间去工作的话，不要期待任何回报。 (1)(2)(3)award sb.sth.award sth.to sb.授予某人某物She got nothing in_reward_for her kindness，which surprised us all.她的好心没有得到一点回报，这使我们非常吃惊。As a reward for passing his exams，he got a new bike from his parents.作为对他通过考试的奖赏，他父母给他买了辆新的自行车。(牛津P1712)She started singing to the baby and was_rewarded_with a smile.她开始给孩子唱歌，孩子则报以微笑。He explained that his diet was so strict that he had to reward himself occasionally.他解释说，他的饮食控制得太严格了，以至于不得不偶尔奖赏自己一下。Mo Yan was awarded the Nobel Prize in 2012，which made the Chinese people very proud.莫言2012年获得了诺贝尔奖，这使中国人非常自豪。escape v& n逃脱；逃生；泄露Once hooked，fish have no chance of escape.一旦被钩住，鱼是没有机会逃跑的。(1)escape (doing) sth.逃避(做)某事escape from从逃脱；逃避escape ones attention/notice逃过某人的注意(2)sth.escape(s) sb.某物被某人遗忘；未被注意(3)fire escape太平梯；安全梯；安全出口 a narrow escape九死一生Whoever breaks the law wont escape_punishment/being_punished.不管是谁违反了法律都将不会逃脱惩罚。It might have escaped your notice，but Im very busy at the moment.也许你没注意到，可我此刻非常忙。Last year I had a_narrow_escape，and I dont want to risk my life a second time.去年我死里逃生，因此我不想再去冒生命危险了。.完成句子1The lowincome people_ (投票反对) increasing the personal income tax，thinking that it would make them poorer.2Now that we cant agree with each other，well have to_(投票表决)3Having got involved in a theft，he_(被判处五年徒刑)4We are sure that no one but him_(能胜任) taking up the job.答案 voted against vote on it was sentenced to five years in prison is equal to.单项填空1 With the victory at the French Open，Li Na has reached NO.4 in the world，_the previous Asian Record. Aequaled Bequaling Cto have equaled Dhaving equaled2 According to the new traffic regulations，the punishment of running a yellow light is_ to running a red one. Aopposite Bequal Cparticular Dopen3 Sometimes success doesnt only depend on what you do；what you dont do is_important.Agenerally Bespecially Cequally Dexactly4 Yesterday，I came across my former classmate，but his name_me，which made me embarrassed. Aforgot Bmissed Cescaped Dreminded5 Everyone who reached the top of Mount Tai was_with a magnificent view.Aawarded Badmired Crewarded Dappreciated6 Yi Jianlian is_the MVP in the 2013 CBA AllStar Game in Guangzhou，Feb.24,2013.Arewarded Bappointed Cawarded Dapproved7 Principal White has been working in the school for about 20 years，_all his energy to teaching and researching as well as the running of a healthy school.Adevoted Bdevoting Cto devote Dand devote8Mr Reed made up his mind to devote all he had to_some schools for poor children.Aset up Bsetting up Chave set up Dhaving set up9Im going to vote_Jackson in the next election.How about you?Me，too.Hes the best man for the position.Afor Bon Cagainst Din解析：1. 考查非谓语动词。equal是前面所提到的事情所产生的结果，且与句子的逻辑主语构成主谓关系，故用现在分词作结果状语，应选B。句意为：由于在法国公开赛上的成功，李娜夺得了世界排名第四的好成绩，平了亚洲先前的记录。答案：B2. 考查形容词辨析。句意为：按照新的交通法规，闯黄灯与闯红灯的处罚是一样的。根据句意可知应选equal，A is equal to B表示“A与B相同(等)”。答案：B3. 考查副词辨析。句意为：有时成功不只取决于你做的事情；你没有做的也同样重要。equally同样地，平等地，符合句意。generally一般地，大体上；especially尤其，特别；exactly确切地；准确地。答案：C 4. 考查动词辨析。句意为：我昨天偶然碰到我以前的同学，但是我记不起来他的名字了，这让我非常尴尬。escape表示“被忘掉”，符合句意。答案：C5. 考查动词辨析。句意为：到达泰山顶部的每个人都能看到壮丽的景观。reward奖赏；奖励，多指对某人的工作或服务等的报答，符合语境。award因而授予某人，通常指正式地或官方地颁发、授予；admire钦佩；赞美；appreciate感激；欣赏。答案：C6. 考查动词辨析。句意为：2013年2月24日易建联在广州的CBA全明星赛上被授予“最有价值球员”。award授予，符合句意。答案：C7. 考查非谓语动词。devote的逻辑主语就是主句的主语Principal White，后面有宾语all his energy，所以用现在分词形式。Devoting表示主动和进行，符合句意。答案：B 8. 此题中的had to 与set up 并不构成搭配，因为he had 为定语从句，修饰先行词all，set up 应与devote all.to 构成搭配(devote.to.中的to为介词，后接名词、代词或动名词)，即devote all to setting up。答案：B 9. 根据“Hes the best man for the position”可知，Jackson是这一职位的最佳人选，所以投票支持，故选A项。答案：Aturn to求助于；翻到(书的某页)；查阅；转向教材原句P35：Why did Nelson Mandela turn to violence to make black and white people equal?为什么曼德拉使用暴力以使黑人和白人平等呢？turn down调小；拒绝turn into变成turn off关闭(开关等)turn over打翻；翻身；移交turn up调大；出现turn out证明是；结果是(安徽书面表达)However，when it is something beyond my competence，I turned_to_my_classmates or teachers for help.然而，当有超过我能力的事情时，我向老师和同班同学求助。(2010辽宁卷)Thousands of people turned out to watch yesterdays match against Ireland.成千上万的人观看了昨天对阵爱尔兰的比赛。Im terribly sorry to turn_you_down this time，but I promise I will make it up to you next time.非常抱歉这一次我拒绝了你，但是我保证下次一定会补偿你的。set up设立，建立They want to set up their own importexport business.他们想要成立自己的进出口公司。set about开始做set aside把放在一边；省出，留出set down写下，记下set off出发，动身；使爆炸；引起，激发set out出发，动身；摆放；陈列；开始，着手A new school was_set_up for the peasant workers children.一所为农民工孩子开办的新学校建立起来了。He set about helping homeless women and children to place of safety.他着手帮助把无家可归的妇女和儿童送到安全的地区。She tries to set_aside some money every month.她每个月都尽量存点钱。.同义句转换1Bob had a word with the saleswoman to see if she was ready to reduce the price.Bob had a word with the saleswoman to see if she_ _ _reduce the price.2Adam hasnt found a job since the factory closed 3 years ago.Adam has been_ _ _since the factory closed 3 years ago.3I knew we were in a difficult situation when the elevator stopped.I knew we_ _ _when the elevator stopped.4For all these years I have been working for others. Im hoping Ill start my own business someday.For all these years I have been working for others. Im hoping Ill_ _my own business someday.答案：was willing to out of work were in trouble set up.单项填空1 In much of the animal world，night is the time_for sleeppure and simple.Aset aside Bset down Cset off Dset up2 That Chinese author Mo Yan has been awarded the 2012 Nobel Prize in Literature has_a wave of Chinese peoples appetite for serious literature around the world.Aset up Bset aside Cset off Dset down3 We_to paint the whole house but finished only the front part that day.Aset about Bset up Cset out Dset down4 A notice was_in order to remind the students of the changed lecture time.Asent up Bgiven up Cset up Dput up5Everything begins hard. Dont hesitate to_me if you are in difficulty.Thank you，I will.Aturn out Bturn in Cturn to Dturn on6Did you see Jay Chou at his album signing event?Not really.We waited in line for an hour，only to be_at the door.Aturned away Bturned out Cturned off Dturned up解析：1. 这里pure and simple表示“完全，不折不扣”，用来指某事只有唯一的原因。这里用set aside表示“留出，拨出(时间等)”，表示这段时间就是用来睡觉的。set down写下；set off出发；引起；set up建立。句意为：在大多数动物世界里，夜晚就是完全用来睡觉的时间。答案：A2. 考查动词短语辨析。句意为：中国作家莫言获得了2012年诺贝尔文学奖，这引发了中国人民对全世界严肃文学的渴求。set off引发，激起，符合句意。答案：C3. 考查动词短语辨析。句意为：我们开始着手刷整座房子，但是那天只刷完了前面的部分。set out to do sth.表示“着手做某事”，符合句意。其他三项均不符合句意。答案：C4.send up发射；give up放弃；set up建立；put up张贴。put up a notice张贴通知。答案：D5. 考查动词短语辨析。此处turn to表示“向求助”。turn out表示“结果是”，turn in表示“上交，呈交”，turn on表示“打开”，都不符合语意。答案：C6. 考查动词短语辨析。句意为：在周杰伦的专辑签售活动中，你看到他了吗？没有。我们排了一个小时的队，但却被拒之门外。turn away拒绝；turn out结果是；turn off关掉；turn up调高(音量等)。答案：AThe last thirty years have seen the greatest number of laws stopping our rights and progress，until today we have reached a stage where we have almost no rights at all.过去三十年里出现了最多的法律来剥夺我们的权利，阻挡我们的进步，直到今天我们已到了几乎没有任何权利的地步。(1)see，find，witness等词可用物作主语，以增添语言色彩，see可译为“(在某段时期)发生(某情况)，经历，经受”。The year 1949 saw the founding of the Peoples Republic of China.1949年见证了中华人民共和国的诞生。Japan has_witnessed/seen many political changes in recent years.日本近年来经历了很多政治变动。(2)当先行词是stage，situation，case，position，job等词时，定语从句常用where或in which来引导。Now their peace talks have reached a key stage where one side must give in to the other.现在他们的和平会谈到达一个关键阶段，必须有一方向另一方妥协。Im looking for a new job，one where I get a bit more job satisfaction.我正在寻找一份新工作，一份从其中可以得到更大满足感的职业。Were just trying to reach a point where both sides will sit down together and talk.我们正努力做到能让双方坐下来对话。We first broke the law in a way which was peaceful；when this was not allowed.only then did we decide to answer violence with violence.首先我们用和平的方式来破坏法律；而当这种方式也得不到允许时，只有到这个时候我们才决定用暴力反抗暴力。(1)in a way which was peacefulin a peaceful wayway后面跟的是一个定语从句。way如在后面的定语从句中作主语或宾语时，引导词用that或which；如作状语，可用in which或that引导，且引导词可省略。I dont like the way that/in which you treated him.我不喜欢你对待他的方式。He offered some ways that/which worked very well in practice.他提供了一些办法，这些办法在实践中很有效。The way that/which you thought of to solve the problem was good.你想出的解决问题的办法很好。(2)当only放在句首修饰状语(通常是副词、介词短语或从句)时，句子需要部分倒装。 Only in this way can_we_live in more comfortable and beautiful surroundings.只有用这种方式我们才能生活在更舒服更美丽的环境中。Only after Mary read her composition the second time did she notice the spelling mistake.只有在玛丽把作文读了第二遍之后，她才注意到拼写错误。Only when he returned yesterday did_his_father_tell_him the truth，which was a big surprise to him.直到昨天他回来，他父亲才把真相告诉他，这对他来说真是个令人吃惊的消息。.句型转换1It was only when I left my parents for Italy that I realized how much I loved them.Only when I left my parents for Italy_ _ _how much I loved them.2As soon as we arrived at the work site，we informed our boss of our arrival._we arrived at the work site，we informed our boss of our arrival.答案：did I realize Immediately/Directly/Instantly.单项填空1 With economy developing at great speed，our city has_quite a few changes in recent years. Awitnessed Baccumulated Carisen Dintroduced2 The Voice of China has set up a stage_some people can achieve their dreams.Awhich Bwhere Cthat Dwhen3Do you have anything to say for yourselves? Yes，there is one point_we must insist on.Awhy Bwhere Chow Dthat4 The way_was thought of by the manager was similar to the way_you carried it out.Athat；which Bwhich；in which Cwhat；/ Dit；that5 Only when he apologizes for his rudeness_to him again.AI will speak Bwill I speak Cdo I speak DI speak解析：1. 考查动词辨析。句意为：随着经济的快速发展，在最近几年我们的城市已经变化了很多。witness目击，见证；accumulate积聚，积累；arise出现，产生；introduce介绍。根据句意可知，答案为A。答案：A 2. 考查定语从句。句意为：中国好声音设立了一个舞台，在这个舞台上一些人可以实现他们的梦想。“_some people can achieve their dreams”是定语从句，空处在定语从句中作地点状语，故用where。答案：B3. 考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知，空处引导定语从句。此处先行词为one point，引导词在从句中作insist on的宾语，所以应用关系代词which或者that。答案：D4. 考查定语从句。the way作先行词，其后的定语从句中若不缺少主语及宾语，则其引导词可为that/in which/省略不填；若其后的定语从句缺少主语或宾语则应考虑填that/which。分析句子结构可知应选B项。答案：B5.句意为：只有在他为自己的无礼道歉时我才会再理他。本题考查特殊句式。“Only状语从句”置于句首，主句应该部分倒装，排除A、D两项；根据语境此处应该是将来时且表示主语的意愿，故选B项。答案：Bquality n质量；品质；性质Many black leaders have many good qualities and have made great contributions to mankind.许多黑人领袖有良好的品质，对人类作出了很大的贡献。attack vt.& n进攻；攻击；抨击；(疾病等的)侵害heart attack心脏病So sudden was the attack that the enemy had no time to escape.袭击如此突然使敌人没有时间逃跑。 in trouble有麻烦，处于困难中get into trouble惹麻烦，陷入困境have trouble in doing sth./with sth.做某事有困难Please turn to the police for help when you are in trouble.当你遇到困难时请向警察求助。【写作素材】1当我失业时，刚开始我不知道向谁求助。2我想起了我的老师，我去向他征求建议。3他十分慷慨地给予我时间，为此我非常感激。4我记得在上学的日子里，当我们有人处于麻烦中时，他总是鼓励我们不要灰心，要对未来充满希望。提示：黑体部分用本单元词汇表达。【连句成篇】When I was out of work，I didnt know whom to turn to at first.I thought of my teacher and I went to him for advice.He was generous with his time，and gave me some advice，for which I was grateful.I remember in my school days，when any one of us was in trouble，he always encouraged us not to lose heart and be hopeful about future.定语从句()1 The time is not far away_modern communications will become widespread in Chinas vast countryside. Aas Bwhen Cuntil Dbefore2 I am no longer allowed to smoke in any room_he might use.Awhere Bwho Cwith which Dthat3 Following the girl，we went into a hall，on_walls hung a few pictures of some famous scientists. Aits Bwhich Cwhose Dthose4 He talked about the books and people_interested them greatly in the school.Awho Bwhich Chow Dthat5 Sarah Brightman，_will fly to space in 2015，is the first woman to fly there in the field of music. Awho Bthat Cwhich Dwhose解析：1. 考查定语从句。分析句子成分可知，空处引导定语从句，修饰先行词The time，且在定语从句中作状语，所以用when引导。此题的先行词与定语从句被主句谓语分开，要善于辨别。答案：B2. 考查定语从句。句意为：我不再被允许在他可能使用的任何房间内吸烟。分析句子成分可知，空处引导定语从句。此处room是先行词，作use的宾语，故选D。答案：D3. 考查定语从句。分析句子成分可知，walls与先行词hall存在所属关系，因此关系词应该使用whose。 答案：C4. 考查定语从句的关系代词。先行词为the books and people，在定语从句中作主语，既包含人又包含物，所以用关系代词that引导，故选D项。答案：D5. 考查定语从句。句意为：莎拉布莱曼将于2015年飞往太空，她将是音乐界第一个飞往太空的女士。句中的先行词为Sarah Brightman，在非限制性定语从句中作主语，所以用who引导。答案：A定语从句()1 Xiamen is regarded as a city_traditional culture is well combined with a modern lifestyle. Awhat Bwhen Cwhere Das2 They stood on the top of the high building，_they could see the whole city.Afrom which Bon where Cfrom where Don it3 He met Rachel at her college graduation ceremony in 2008，_he was later to marry.Awhich Bwhen Cwhere Dwhom4 The band was very successful in the seventies，most of_members were in their twenties.Aits Bwhose Cwhom Dwhich5 In moments when youre feeling down，read what you wrote previously，_will help uplift your spirits. Athat Bit Cwhich Dwhat解析：1. 考查定语从句。句意为：厦门被认为是一个传统文化和现代生活方式完美结合的城市。分析句子结构可知，空处引导定语从句，修饰先行词a city，并在从句中作地点状语，所以用关系副词where引导该定语从句。答案：C2. 考查定语从句。根据句意可知，从那个高楼的顶部能看见整个城市，此处from where相当于from on the top of the high building，答案：C3. 考查定语从句。句意为：他是在2008年Rachel的大学毕业典礼上认识她的，后来娶她为妻。分析句子成分可知，空处引导定语从句。先行词为Rachel，在从句中作marry的宾语，故用whom引导。答案：D4. 考查定语从句。分析句子成分可知，空处引导定语从句，在从句中作定语，故用whose。B5.考查定语从句。句意为：当你情绪低落的时候，读一读你先前写下的东西，这会帮助你情绪高昂。which引导非限制性定语从句，指代前面整个句子的内容。答案：C课时作业(五)Unit 5Nelson Mandelaa modern hero第二讲夹叙夹议文 夹叙夹议文完形填空是最近几年高考经常涉及的一类体裁。该类完形填空所选文章常常在平淡的故事中蕴含着丰富的哲理，作者既可以让读者从一个简单的故事体会到生活的意义，也不乏对人生、生活、社会价值的思考，对人际关系等话题的自省反思，处处折射智慧的光芒和启迪，耐人寻味，可读性很强。真题示例(2013天津卷)As I held my fat