浙江高考英语二轮全程练习 第三部分 阅读理解技法与文体演练 课时25 阅读理解文体技法（8）生态、环保类.doc

阅读理解文体技法(8)生态、环保类.阅读理解文体技法演练【精要提示】“人与自然和谐发展”是时代的主题，生态环保类话题的文章也越来越多地出现在高考试题中。解答生态环保类题目时，在理解文章的基础上，要重点突破归纳主旨大意技能，因为推断是以整体理解为基础的能力。那么，怎样归纳主旨大意？(1)寻找具体段落的中心思想的方法是：找出每小段的主题句。主题句通常有这样的特点：有一个话题(topic)；有阐述控制性概念(controlling idea)，偶尔也可在一段中间；有的文章无明显主题句，主题句隐含在段意之中。这就需要读者进一步加工概括了。(2)寻找整篇文章的中心思想的方法建立在寻找具体段落中心的基础上。应观察全文的结构安排，理解文章浓墨重笔写的“重心”，考虑文章组织材料及支撑性细节是服务于什么的，分析故事的发展结局都是围绕什么中心大意来安排的。【高考经典练】(2015四川卷，d)their cheery song brightens many a winters day.but robins are in danger of wearing themselves out by singing too much.robins are singing all nightas well as during the day，britishbased researchers say.david dominoni，of glasgow university，said that light from street lamps，takeaway signs and homes is affecting the birds biological clock，leading to them being wide awake when they should be asleep.dr dominoni，who is putting cameras inside nesting boxes to track sleeping patterns，said lack of sleep could put the birds health at risk.his study shows that when robins are exposed to light at night in the lab，it leads to some genes being active at the wrong time of day.and the more birds are exposed to light，the more active they are at night.he told people at a conference，“there have been a couple of studies suggesting they are increasing their song output at night and during the day they are still singing.singing is a costly behaviour and it takes energy.so by increasing their song output，there might be some costs of energy.”and it is not just robins that are being kept awake by artificial light.blackbirds and seagulls are also being more nocturnaldr dominoni said，“in glasgow where i live，gulls are a serious problem.i have people coming to me saying you are the bird expert.can you help us kill these gulls？during the breeding(繁殖)season，between april and june，they are very active at night and very noisy and people cant sleep.”although dr dominoni has only studied light pollution，other research concluded that robins living in noisy cities have started to sing at night to make themselves heard over loud noise.however，some birds thrive(兴旺)in noisy environments.a study from california polytechnic university found more hummingbirds in areas with heavy industrial machinery.it is thought that they are capitalising on their predators(天敌)fleeing to quieter areas.1according to dr dominonis study，what caused robins to sing so much?athe breeding season.bthe light in modern life.cthe dangerous environment.dthe noise from heavy machinery.2what is the researchers concern over the increase of birds song output?athe environment might be polluted.bthe birds health might be damaged.cthe industry cost might be increased.dthe peoples hearing might be affected.3what does the underlined word “nocturnal” in paragraph 5 mean?aactive at night.binactive at night.cactive during the day.dinactive during the day.4why do some birds thrive in noisy environments?abecause there are fewer dangers.bbecause there is more food to eat.cbecause there is less light pollution.dbecause there are more places to take shelter.能力提升练arecycling programs usually give new life to materials like paper，metal，plastic and glass.but a program in the eastern america is recycling shellfish to help the chesapeake bay.oysters(牡蛎)is known to help clean the water.besides，generation upon generation of oysters form reefs，which provide homes for fish and crabs.oysters are a tradition in the chesapeake.they are good for the bay.but environmental damage and too much harvesting have cut the oyster population there.an organization called the oyster recovery partnership started the recycling program earlier this year.baby oysters need to attach themselves to a shell or other hard surface as they grow.scientists are using recycled shells as part of an oyster reproduction (繁殖)program.more than 15 restaurants，seafood dealers and other businesses have joined the oyster recovery partnership.maryland and virginia are also taking part in the program.one of the restaurants involved is in washington.oysters are a specialty at the old ebbitt grill.its manager christian guidi says they serve about 1500 to 3000 oysters a day and that obviously does create a lot of shells.but the restaurant no longer throws away all those shells.the oyster recovery partnership takes them away for recycling.first the shells get washed.then they go to the center for environmental science at the university of maryland for further processing.the shells are placed in tanks with hundreds of millions of oyster larvae(幼虫)in this way，the baby oysters can be raised until they have grown big enough to be moved to the chesapeake.this year，the oyster recovery partnership helped produce and plant more than 450 million baby oysters in the bay.don meritt heads the oyster recovery program at the university of maryland.he says the goal is not just to increase the oyster population.their real goal is to try to restore healthy oysters to the chesapeake bay so that they can help restore a healthy chesapeake bay.1what causes the number of oysters to drop in the chesapeake bay?atoo much rain. bwater pollution.chot weather. doverfishing.2what did the old ebbitt grill do with the shells in the past?ait collected all the shells.bit threw the shells away.cit sold the shells as waste.dit poured the shells into the sea.3why are shells placed in tanks with oyster larvae?ato help them to grow.bto provide more nutrition.cto make the tank like sea.dto serve as homes for them.4what can we learn from the text?arecycled shells can improve the environment.bthe number of oysters has increased in the bay.cthe oysters are popular in cities like washington.dthe oyster recovery program needs more support.5the purpose of the oyster recovery program is to _akeep more oyster larvae in the tanks near the seabrecycle more animal waste for the chesapeake baycrestore the normal ecology of the chesapeake baydincrease the number of oysters in the chesapeake bayb(2015南通一模) antarctic krill(南极磷虾) are usually less than 6 cm in length but their size belies(与不符) the major role they play in sustaining much of the life in the southern ocean.they are the primary food sources for many species of whales，seals，penguins and fish.krill are known to be sensitive to sea temperature，especially in the areas where they grow as adults.this has prompted scientists to try to understand how they might respond to the effects of further climate change.using statistical models，a team of researchers from the british antarctic survey (bas) and plymouth marine laboratory assessed the likely impact of projected (预期的) temperature increases on the weddell sea，scotia sea and southern drake passage.this region is known for its abundance of krill and has experienced sea surface warming of as much as 1 over fifty years.projections suggest this could rise by another 1 by the end of the 21st century.the models are based on equations which link krill growth，sea surface temperature，and food availability.an analysis of the results，published this week in the online journal plos one，suggests warming，if it continued，could reduce the area of growth habitat by up to 20%.in the early life stages，krill require deep water with low acidity and a narrow range of temperatures for their eggs to successfully hatch and develop.the larvae then feed on algae on the underside of sea ice.the adults require suitable temperatures and enough of the right type of food (larger phytoplankton) to successfully grow and reproduce.many of these critical environmental features (temperature，acidity，sea ice and food availability) could be affected by climate change.the projected effects of warming are not evenly (均匀地) spread.the island of south georgia is located within the area likely to be worst affected.here the reduction in krill habitat could be as much as 55%.the island is home to a range of animals such as fur seals and macaroni penguins that depend upon krill，and others，such as blackbrowed albatrosses，which eat substantial amounts of krill as well as fish and squid.the researchers say animals which dont travel far to forage，such as fur seals，would be most affected by the projected changes.krill are also being commercially fished，although there is nothing to suggest current levels are unsustainable (不可持续的)in fact，at less than 1% of estimated biomass，catches are much lower than most other commercial fisheries.but the antarctic krill fishery took 68% of its total catch between 1980 and 2011 from the area of projected habitat degradation.the scientists suggest improved management systems to ensure the fisheries take into account both growing demand for catches and climate change.lead author，dr.simeon hill，a marine biologist at bas，said，“each year，growth of antarctic krill in the southern ocean produces new material that weighs twice as much as all the sugar produced in the world.krill grow fastest in cold water and any warming can slow down or stop growth，reducing the food available for wildlife.our research suggests that expected warming this century could severely reduce the area in which krill can successfully grow.”although there is evidence that warming seas pose a threat to antarctic krill habitats，the team of researchers believe this can be mitigated with effective fisheries management systems in place.6according to paragraph 1，_ has caused scientists to try to understand krills response to the effects of further climate change.akrills role in sustaining lifebthe small size of krillckrills sensitivity to sea temperaturedthe reduction in krill habitat7the models british researchers used were based on the statistical information of the following except _akrill growthbaciditycsurface temperaturedfood availability8the area around the island of south georgia would experience _ if warming continued.aa loss of krill habitatban increase in sea animalscan abundance of foodda boom in krill fishery9which of the following diagrams shows the correct relationship between global warming，food availability，krill habitat，and antarctic wildlife?(note: the sign “” refers to “affect”)afood availabilityglobal warmingkrill habitatantarctic wildlifebantarctic wildlifeglobal warmingkrill habitatfood availabilitycglobal warmingkrill habitatfood availabilityantarctic wildlifedkrill habitatfood availabilityglobal warmingantarctic wildlife10in which of the following magazines will you most probably find this article?cyay！japans rare black amami rabbits no longer endangered!after many years on the endangered list of animals，japans amami rabbit can finally breathe a sigh of reliefthats because this year，the rare animal is no longer in danger of dying out!the effort to save the darkfurred rabbit often referred to as a living fossil began in 1921，when the japanese government promoted it to the status of “natural monument”this meant that it could not be hunted down for food.however，when that did not work，it got yet another promotion to “special natural monument”，which meant that the rabbit could not be trapped or hunted.while that helped，it was not enoughby 2004 with only between 2，0005，000 specimens(样本) left in the wild，the amami rabbit was officially declared endangered! the reason for the severe population decline was attributed to loss of habitat caused by forest clearing for home and agriculture use and the introduction of a new invasive species not native to the islandmongoose(獴)brought in to get rid of the snake population，the animals instead seemed to prefer the black rabbit.in 2005，the government issued a strict mongoose capture order and slowly but surely，the rabbits started to come back.the rabbit lives a rather unusual lifestyle.its ideal habitat is a forest that features both trees and large grassesthe former to find acorns(橡实) to feed on and the latter，to hide its babies.thats because to protect them from being eaten by predators，the amami rabbit buries them deep into the ground among the grasses and covers them up with dirt during the day.then in the middle of the night still keeping a vigilant eye out for predators，it digs them out from their hiding place and feeds them.no wonder the animal is sometimes referred to as “midnight rabbit”though many measures have been taken to stop this furry treasure from being wiped out from the world，there are many more that are still in danger.we sure hope that officials in other parts of the world try their best to save the endangered species.11the status of “natural monument” in para.2 means _ayou cant kill the darkfurred rabbitbyou cant capture the darkfurred rabbitcyou cant hunt the darkfurred rabbit for fooddyou cant trap or hunt the darkfurred rabbit12why was the rabbit still in danger after it was promoted to “special natural monument”？abecause it was always eaten by snakes.bbecause people still wanted to capture it for food.cbecause the rabbit lived a rather unusual lifestyle.dbecause of loss of habitat and a new invasive species.13large grasses in the rabbits ideal habitat are used _ato provide food for the rabbitbto protect the babiescto hide the rabbitdto give birth to babies14which of the following words can replace the underlined word in para.4 in the passage?awatchful bgoodcfearful dshiny15what can we infer from the last paragraph?amany officials dont pay attention to rare species.brare black amami rabbits are no longer endangered.csaving the endangered species has a long way to go.dthe measures taken to protect the rabbit were in vain.参考答案课时25阅读理解文体技法(8)生态、环保类高考经典练【语篇解读】本文主要介绍了一项调查研究的结果，由于人类制造的光线问题，越来越多的鸟类如知更鸟在晚上也会唱歌，这极大地影响了鸟的健康。1b细节理解题。根据文章第二段的 david dominoni，of glasgow university，said that light from street lamps，take away signs and homes is affecting the birds biological clock，leading to them being wide awake 可知选择b。2b细节理解题。根据文章第四段的singi