学生版状语从句.doc

状语从句一、时间状语从句：主要由when，whenever，after，before，as，(ever)since，once，as soon as，(not)until，while等连词引导典型例题： We had hardly got into the country _ it began to rain. A. when B. before C. than D. after2. 表示一就的结构, hardly/scarcelywhen /before, no soonerthan和as soon as都可以表示一就的意思，例：I had hardly / scarcely got home when it began to rain. I had no sooner got home than it began to rain.As soon as I got home, it began to rain.注意：如果hardly, scarcely 或no sooner置于句首，句子必须用倒装结构：Hardly / Scarcely had I got home when it began to rain.No sooner had I got home than it began to rain3. 比较until和till 1) Until可用于句首，而till通常不用于句首。 Until you told me, I had heard nothing of what happened. (3) Not until 在句首，主句用倒装。Not until the early years of the 19th century did man know what heat is. Not until I began to work did I realize how much time I had wasted. (4)It is not until that 表示强调，“直到。才。”。二、地点状语从句, 通常由where, wherever 引导。Where I live there are plenty of trees. Wherever I am I will be thinking of you. 三、条件状语从句： 表条件的状语从句主要连接词有if，whether，as long as (只要)，unless, as/so long as, on condition that ，provided(只要) (that)等。if 引导的条件句有真实条件句和非真实条件句两种。非真实条件句在虚拟语气中阐述。 另外， unless = if not. Lets go out for a walk unless you are too tired. = If you are not too tied, lets go out for a walk. 典型例题 :You will be late _ you leave immediately.A. unless B. until C. ifD. or 四、原因状语从句： 原因状语从句可由as，because，since及for引导， 比较：because, since, as和for 1）because语势最强，用来说明人所不知的原因，回答why提出的问题。当原因是显而易见的或已为人们所知，就用as或 since。 I didnt go, because I was afraid. Since /As the weather is so bad, we have to delay our journey. 2）由because引导的从句如果放在句末，且前面有逗号，则可以用for来代替。但如果不是说明直接原因，而是多种情况加以推断，就只能用for。 He is absent today, because / for he is ill. He must be ill, for he is absent today. 五、结果状语从句： 结果状语从句常由so that 或 suchthat引导，掌握这两个句型，首先要了解so 和 such与其后的词的搭配规律。 1. 其规律由so与such的不同词性决定。such 是形容词，修饰名词或名词词组，so 是副词，只能修饰形容词或副词。 so 还可与表示数量的形容词many, few, much, little连用，形成固定搭配。 so foolish such a fool so nice a flower such a nice flower so many / few flowers such nice flowersso much / little money. such rapid progress so many people such a lot of people（ so many 已成固定搭配，a lot of 虽相当于 many，但 a lot of 为名词性的，只能用such搭配。） 2. sothat与suchthat之间的转换 The boy is so young that he cant go to school. = He is such a young boy that he cant go to school 六、 目的状语的从句可以由that, so that, in order that, lest, for fear that, in case等词引导，例如： You must speak louder so that /in order that you can be heard by all. He wrote the name down for fear that(lest) he should forget it. Better take more clothes in case the weather is cold.七、让步状语从句： 让步状语从句通常由(even)though，although，no matter，even if ，however，whatever等词引导注意： 1 ). 当有though, although时，后面的从句不能有but，但是 though 和yet可连用 Although its raining, they are still working in the field. 虽然在下雨，但他们仍在地里干活。 He is very old, but he still works very hard. 虽然他很老，但仍然努力地工作。 Though the sore be healed, yet a scar may remain.伤口虽愈合，但伤疤留下了。 （谚语） 典型例题: _she is young, she knows quite a lot. A. WhenB. However C. Although D. Unless 2)as, though 引导的倒装句: as / though引导的让步从句必须表语或状语提前（形容词、副词、分词、实义动词提前）。 Child as /though he was, he knew what was the right thing to do.= Though he was a small child, he knew what was the right thing to do.注意： a.句首名词不能带任何冠词。 b.句首是实义动词，其他助动词放在主语后。如果实义动词有宾语和状语，随实义动词一起放在主语之前。 Try hard as he will, he never seems able to do the work satisfactorily.= = Though he tries hard, he never seems 3)ever if, even though.即使Well make a trip even though the weather is bad. 4) whetheror- 不管都Whether you believe it or not八、 行为方式状语从句，方式状语从句通常由as, (just) asso, as if, as though引导。 1） as, (just) asso引导的方式状语从句通常位于主句后，但在(just) asso结构中位于句首，这时as从句带有比喻的含义，意思是正如，就像，多用于正式文体，例如： Always do to the others as you would be done by. As water is to fish, so air is to man. Just as we sweep our rooms, so we should sweep backward ideas from our minds. 2） as if, as though 两者的意义和用法相同，引出的状语从句谓语多用虚拟语气，表示与事实相反，有时也用陈述语气，表示所说情况是事实或实现的可能性较大。汉译常作仿佛似的，好像似的，例如：They completely ignore these facts as if (as though) they never existed. He looks as if (as though) he had been hit by lighting. It looks as if the weather may pick up very soon. 大，谓语用陈述语气。）说明：as if / as though也可以引导一个分词短语、不定式短语或无动词短语，例如： He stared at me as if seeing me for first time. He cleared his throat as if to say something. The waves dashed on the rocks as if in anger. A组 2012年全国高考题组1.【2012山东卷32】A number of high buildings have arisen _ there was nothing a year ago but ruins. A. whenB. whereC. before D. until 2.【2012福建卷,30】It is hard for the Greek government to get over the present difficulties_ gets more financial support from the European Union.A. ifB. unlessC. because D. since3.【2012江西卷,31】You can borrow my car you promise not to drive too fast.Aunless Beven ifCin caseDas lone as【2012辽宁卷】30. Leave your key with your neighbor you lock yourself out one day. A. as long as B. even though C. in case D. as if 4.【2012四川卷,10】 If you happen to get lost in the wild, youd better stay _ you are and wait for help.A. why B. where C. who D. what5.【2012全国II,11】I had hardly got to the office _ my wife phoned me to go back home at once.A. when B. than C. until D. after6.【2012陕西卷,18】Hot _the night air was, we slept deeply because we were so tired after the long journey.A. althoughB. as C. while D. however7.【2012陕西卷,25】All the photographs in this book, _ stated otherwise, date from the 1950s.A. unless B. until C. once D. if8.【2012北京卷,21】Look at those clouds!Dont worry. _ it rains, well still have a great time.A. Even if B. As though C. In case D. If only9.【2012全国II,11】I had hardly got to the office _ my wife phoned me to go back home at once.A. when B. than C. until D. afterB组 2008-2011年全国高考题组1.【2011浙江卷 4】One Friday, we were packing to leave for a weekend away _my daughter heard cries for help.A. afterB. whileC. sinceD. when2.【2011福建卷 33】It was April 29, 2001 _ Prince William and Kate Middleton walked into the palace hall of the wedding ceremony.A. that B. when C. since D. before3.【2011四川卷 4】Frank insisted that he was not asleep _ I had great difficulty in waking him up. A. whether B. although C. for D. so4.【2011辽宁卷 25】No matter how _ , it is not necessarily lifeless. A. a desert may be dry B. dry a desert may be C. may a desert be dry D. dry may a desert be5.【2011陕西卷 19】_all of them are strong candidates, only one will be chosen for the post. A. Since B. While C. If D. As6.【2011天津卷 5】_ regular exercise is very important, its never a good idea to exercise too close to bedtime.A. It B. As C. Although D. Unless7.【10山东】The school rules state that no child shall be allowed out of the school during the day, _ accompanied by an adult.A. once B. when