定语从句关系动词选用.doc

Individual Coaching Program of E.P. Education Teacher： Student： Time： Content: Inverted sentence &SummaryTeaching Goal: Master the characters of the Inverted sentence.Key and difficult points: Pay attention to the character of the Inverted sentence and get into the habit of conclusion. If you have it, you will make great progress.Warming up: Have you ever seen the sentences below? 1. Do you have a computer? 2. Are you upset? 3.Whats your new schedule this term? 4.There is a dictionary and some books on the desk, 5.Here comes the bus.Question: Can you find the rules according to the examples above. Tell the student how to master the grammar- by using a large quantities of sentences Todays content -the general InversionInversion refers to an irregular verb placement form:Use of Question Form 1.In this case, the question form (auxiliary + subject + main verb) takes the place of the standard positive sentence structure (i.e. He goes to work every day):Examples : Not only do I enjoy classical music, but I also have a season ticket to the symphony.Seldom has the boss been so upset!In this case, the question form is substituted for standard sentence structure in a statement. Generally, an inversion is used to stress the uniqueness of an event and begins with a negative.2.Negative AdverbialsTime expressions: never, rarely, seldom .These time expressions are used with a perfect form or with modals and often include comparatives:Examples: Never have I been more excited!Seldom has he seen anything stranger.3.Time expressions: hardly, barely, no sooner, or scarcely. These time expressions are used when a there are a succession of events in the past.Examples: Scarcely had I got out of bed when the doorbell rang.No sooner had he finished dinner, when she walked in the door.4.After Only Expressions such as only after, only when, only then, etc. Only is used with a time expression.Examples: Only then did I understand the problem. Only after understanding the situation does the teacher make a comment.5.After Little Little is used in a negative sense.Examples: Little did he understand the situation.Little have I read concerning IT.6.Inversion after So, Such, and ThatSo So + adjective . that combines with the verb to be.Examples: So strange was the situation that I couldnt sleep.So difficult is the test that students need three months to prepare.7.Such Such + to be + noun . (that):Examples: Such is the moment that all greats traverse.Such is the stuff of dreams.8.Inverted Conditional FormsSometimes conditional forms are inverted as a means of sounding more formal. In this case, the conditional if is dropped and the inverted forms takes the place of the if clause.Examples: Had he understood the problem, he wouldnt have committed those mistakes.Should he decide to come, please telephone. Normal word order: If he had understood the problem, he wouldnt have committed those mistakes.If he should decide to come, please telephone. Exercises in class:1.【2011全国卷I 28】Only when he reached the tea-house _it was the same place hed been in last year. A. he realized B. he did realize C. realized he D. did he realize2. 【2011福建卷29】Its nice. Never before_ such a special drink!Im glad you like it. A.I have had B. I had C. have I had D. had I3. 【2011湖南卷32】Only after they had discussed the matter for a few hours _a decision A. they reached B. did they reach C. they reach D. do they reach4. 10四川We laugh at jokes, but seldom_about how they work. A. we think B. think we C. we do think D. do we think 5. John opened the door. There _ he had never seen before. A. a girl did stand B. a girl stood C. did a girl stand D. stood a girl6. Not until he left his home _ to know how important the family was for him.A did he begin B had he begun C he began D he had begun7. At the meeting place of the Yangtze River and the Jialing River_, one of the ten largest cities in China.A. lies Chongqing B. Chongqing lies C. does lie Chongqing D. does Chongqing lie 8. So sudden _that the enemy had no time to escape. A. did the attack B. the attack did C. was the attack D. the attack was 9. Little about her own safety, though she was in great danger herself.A. did Rose care B. Rose did care C. Rose does care D. does Rose care 10. Only when I left my parents for Italy_ how much I loved them.A.I realized B.I had realized C.had I realized D.did I realize11. Bill wasnt happy about the delay of the report by Jason, and _.A. I was neither B. neither was IC. I was either D. either was I12. If Joes wife wont go to the party, _A.he will either B.neither will heC.he neither will D.either he will13. How was the televised debate last night?Super! Rarely_so much media attention.A.a debate attracted B.did a debate attractC.a debate did attractD.attracted a debatePart 2 Summary and ConclusionReview of the Relative Clause一 Challenge yourself. 挑战自我！ Group A(1) Is this school _ you visited the other day? (2)Is this the school _ you visited the other day? (3)Is this school _ you worked two years ago? (4)Is this the school _ you worked two years ago?A. which B. where C. what D. the one E. in which5. A modern city has been set up in _ was a wasteland ten years ago.A. what B. which C. that D. where 6. Perseverance is a kind of quality -and thats _ it takes to do anything well. A. what B. that C. which D. why 7.York,_ last year, is a nice old city. A. that I visited B. which I visited C. where I visited D. in which I visited 8.You are saying that everyone should be equal, and this is _ I disagree.A. why B. where C. what D. how 9.I work in a business _ almost everyone is waiting for a great chance.A. how B. which C. where D. that 10.(2002北京)We will be shown around the city, schools, museums and some other places, _ other visitors seldom go. A. what B. which C. where D. when Group B A. It B. As C. That D. What 1._is known to everybody, the moon travels round the earth once every month.2. is known to everybody that the moon travels round the earth once every month. 3. is known to everybody is that the moon travels round the earth once every month Group C(1) A team of 15 Indian experts are organizing a workforce of 400 Cambodians, most of _ women.(2)A team of 15 Indian experts are organizing a workforce of 400 Cambodians, and most of _ women.(3)A team of 15 Indian experts are organizing a workforce of 400 Cambodians, most of _are women. A. them B. them are C. whom D. thatPart 3 The Noun Clause - Subject Clause、Object Clause、Predicative Clause & Appositive Clause1.通常，that引导主语从句时用it做形式主语，把从句置于句尾，此时that有时可省。例如： It was obvious that the driver could not control his car. It made us very happy that she was chosen. It is certain that he will come. It is true that he would take the risk. It isnt surprising (that) he should have married her.2.在表示建议、要求、命令等意义的被动结构中，that从句中的谓语动词常用（should）do。（参见虚拟语气部分）It is suggested that the meeting(should）be held this afternoon. It is demanded that he (should) leave at once.3. whether, if引导宾语从句：表示“是否”可互换，口语中常用if。 He asked if she would come.注意下列情况下whether不可用if换：1)引导主语从句置于句首时。2)whether后没有单词间隔而直接跟or not时。I dont know whether or not he will come.3) whether从句作介词宾语时。They are talking about whether he will win the game.Everything depends on whether you agree with us.4)whether后接不定式时。I dont know whether to attend the meeting.3.辨析:引导名词性从句时what与whatever, who与whoever的区别：what 与whatever：What you want has been sent here.( what = the thing(s) that/all that/anything that特指)Whatever you want makes no difference to me.(whatever = anything that泛指)What caused the accident was a broken bottle.（特指）Whatever caused the accident has not yet been found.（泛指）who 与whoever ：Who will go to Beijing on business has not been decided.(who表疑问，表示“谁”，“哪一个”)。Whoever breaks the law should be punished.(whoever = anyone who，表示“无论哪个人”)Part 3 Adverbial Clauses一(1)_ hard he works, he wont succeed. (2) Hard_ he works, he wont succeed. (3)_ he works hard, he wont succeed. (4)_his hard work, he wont succeed.(5) He works hard; he wont succeed, _. A . Although (though) B. However (however) C. As (as) D. In (in) spite of 二(1) I dont know _ they are getting on with their studies. (2) I dont know _ they are getting on well with their studies. A. what B. that C. how D. whether三 (1) Im thinking of _ we can do for the people. (2) Im thinking of _ we can do more for the people. A. if B. that C. what D. how四(1)_ he said made us very surprised. (2)_ he said so made us very surprised. A. That B. What C. If D. WhetherExercises in class6. Those _ want to go please sign their names here.A. whomB. whichC. whoD. when7. Where is the man _ I met this morning?A. whenB. whereC. whichD. who8. Who is the woman _ is sweeping the floor over there?A. whoB. /C. thatD. when9. The man _ you talked just now is a worker.A. whoB. whomC. to whomD. to who10. The man _ you are going to make friends is my fathers neighbour.A. with whomB. whenC. to whomD. which11. The doctor _ is leaving for Africa next month.A. the nurse is talking to himB. whom the nurse is talkingC. the nurse is talking toD. who the nurse is talking12. The man _ around our school is from America.A. which you showedB. you showed himC. you showedD. where you showed13. He talked about a hero _ no one had ever heard.A. of whomB. from whomC. about thatD. who14. In fact the Swede did not understand the three questions _ were asked in French.A. whereB. whoC. in whichD. which15. Have you read the book _ I lent to you?A. thatB. whomC. whenD. whose16.I will never forget the day _I came to my university and the day _I spent in a new city. A. when; which B. which; when C. what; that D. on which; when17.She showed the visitors around the museum, the construction _ had taken more than three years. A. for which B. with which C. of which D. to which18.Julia was good at German, French and Russian, all of _ she spoke fluently. (2011湖南卷25) A. who B. whom C. which D. that 19 She is a rich woman is known to all in the city. A. / B. That C. Who D. Because20. My cousin asked me I could lend him the Chinese novel. A. whether B. / C. that D. which21. The difficulty lies in we have no money. A. that B. which C. the fact D. the fact that 22. The fact he was successful proves his ability. A. that B. what C. which D. why23.“What are you doing here, Joan?” Robert asked. _A. Robert asked Joan what she is doing there. B. Robert asked Joan what she was doing there. C. Robert asked her what was she doing there. D. Robert asked Joan she was doing what there. 24. is a fact that English is being accepted as an international language. A. There B. This C. That D. It25.They have no idea at all . A. where has he gone B. which place he has gone C. where he has gone D. where did he go26. The reason he has been such a success he never gives up. A. is because B. is what C. is that D. is27. He had his camera ready, just _ he saw something that would make a good picture.A. now that B. unless C. in case D. as long as28. Would you mind waiting outside, sir, _ the manager can see you? A. after B. when C. unless D. until29. They kept trying _ they must have known it was hopeless.A. when B. in case C. as soon as D. so that30. Marsha got so carried away when arguing with her husband _ she hit him. A. after B. that C. unless D. because31. I think it will be some time _ we know the full cost of the accident.A. before B. when C. since D. until32. Will you keep my place in the queue for me _ I go and make a phone call?A. while B. after C. because D. as soon as33. Ill prepare enough food just _ they decide to stay for dinner.A. in case B. so that C. in order that D. as much as Conclusion: What have you got today?_Teaching conclusion： Teachers signature:_ Made in Deans Office of E.P. Education 附录：专题十三倒装句英语最基本的语序是主语在前，谓语动词在后。但有时由于句子结构的需要或表示强调，就要采用倒装形式。一、全部倒装全部倒装是指将句子中的谓语动词全部置于主语之前。此结构通常只用与一般现在时和一般过去时。常见的结构有：1here, there, now, then, thus等副词置于句首， 谓语动词常用be, come, go, lie, run。There goes the bell.铃响了。2表示运动方向的副词或地点状语置于句首，谓语是表示运动的动词。In came the teacher.老师进来了。注意：上述全部倒装的句型的主语必须是名词，如果主语是人称代词则不能完全倒装。Here he comes. 他来了。3表地点的词语置于句首或强调地点概念时用全部倒装。On the table were some flowers.桌子上有一些花。二、部分倒装 部分倒装是指将谓语的一部分如助动词或情态倒装至主语之前。如果句中的谓语没有助动词或情态动词，则需添加助动词do, does或did，并将其置于主语之前。常见的情况有：1带有否定意义的词或短语放在句首，语序需要部分倒装。常见的词语有： not, never, seldom, scarcely, barely, little, at no time, not only, not once, under no condition, hardly. when, no sooner. than., not until.等。Neither will theory do without practice，nor will practice do without theory.理论离不开实践，实践也离不开理论。Not only did he refuse the gift, he also severely criticized the sender.他不仅拒收了礼品，还狠狠批评了送礼的人。注意：当not until引出主从复合句时，主句倒装，从句不倒装。The mother didnt leave the room until the child fell asleep. 妈妈直到孩子睡着才离开房间。只有当not only. but also连接两个分句时，才在第1个分句用倒装结构。如果置于句首的not only.but also仅连接两个并列词语，不可用倒装结构。Not only you but also I am fond of music.我和你都喜欢音乐。2表示“也；也不” 的so, neither, nor放在句首时，句子要部分倒装。Tom can speak French. So can Jack.Tom会说法语，Jack也会。If you wont go, neither will I如果你不去，我也不去。注意：当so引出的句子用于对上文内容加以证实或肯定时，不可用倒装结构，意为“的确如此”。Its raining hard. 雨下得很大。So it is.的确很大。3only放在句首，强调状语(副词，介词短语或状语从句等)，全句语序要部分倒装。Only in this way can you work out the problem.只有用这种方法你才能解决问题。注意：如果句子为主从复合句，则主句倒装，从句不倒装Only when he is seriously ill, does he ever stay in bed. 他只有病得非常严重时才会卧床休息。三、as, though 引导的倒装句as / though引导的让步从句必须将表语或状语提前(形容词， 副词， 分词， 实义动词提前)。此时应注意：1) 句首名词不能带任何冠词；2) 句首是实义动词， 其他助动词放在主语后。如果实义动词有宾语和状语，随实义动词一起放在主语之前。Hero as he is，he still has shortcomings.尽管他是一个英雄，但是他也有缺点。Much as I like it，Ill not buy it.尽管我很喜欢它，但我不会买。四、其他部分倒装 1so / such.that 句型中的so 位于句首时，需倒装。So frightened was he that he did not dare to move an inch.他害怕得动都不敢动。Such great progress did he make that he was praised.他取得了如此大的进步以至于受到了表扬。2在某些表示祝愿的句型中。May you all be happy.望大家开心愉快。3在虚拟语气条件句中从句谓语动词有were, had, should等词时，可将if 省略，把 were, had, should 移到主语之前，采取部分倒装。Were I you, I would try it again.如果我是你，我就再试一次。高考试题每年都要涉及句法知识，特殊句式已经成为高考的热点，倒装句每年都有涉及。而对于倒装句式的考查，命题人越来越重视，他们加大了对句子结构和知识面的考查，同时注重考查知识之间的交叉以及句式的变化，例如倒装句中否定副词位于句首；as引导让步状语从句的倒装。附录 2专题讲座:名词性从句 在句子中起名词作用的句子叫名词从句 (Noun Clauses）。 名词从句的功能相当于名词词组, 它在复合句中能担任主语、宾语、表语、同位语、介词宾语等，因此根据它在句中不同的语法功能，名词从句又可分别称为主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。一、引导名词性从句的连接词引导名词性从句的连接词可分为三类：连词：that（无任何词意）whether,if（均表示“是否”表明从句内容的不确定性）as if ,as though（均表示“好像”，“似乎”）以上在从句中均不充当任何成分连接代词：what, whatever, who, whoever, whom,whose, which.whichever,whomever连接副词：when, where, how, why不可省略的连词：1. 介词后的连词2. 引导主语从句和同位语从句的连词不可省略。That she was chosen made us very happy.We heard the news that our team had won.比较：whether与if 均为”是否”的意思。 但在下列情况下，whether 不能被if 取代：1. whether引导主语从句并在句首2. 引导表语从句3. whether从句作介词宾语4. 从句后有”or not”Whether he will come is not clear.大部分连接词引导的主语从句都可以置于句末，用 it充当形式主语。二. 主语从句作句子主语的从句叫主语从句。主语从句通常由从属连词that，whether，if和连接代词what，who，which，whatever，whoever以及连接副词how，when，where，why等词引导。that在句中无词义，只起连接作用；连接代词和连接副词在句中既保留自己的疑问含义、又起连接作用，在从句中充当从句的成分。有时为避免句子头重脚轻，常用形式主语it代替主语从句作形式主语放于句首，而把主语从句置于句末。主语从句后的谓语动词一般用单数形式。常用句型如下：（1） It + be + 名词 + that从句（2）It + be + 形容词 + that从句（3）It + be + 动词的过去分词 + that从句（4）It + 不及物动词 + that 从句另注意在主语从句中用来表示惊奇、不相信、惋惜、理应如此等语气时，谓语动词要用虚拟语气“(should) +do”，常用的句型有：It is necessary (important, natural, strange, etc.) that It is a pity (a shame, no wonder, etc.) thatIt is suggested (requested, proposed, desired, etc.) that三、宾语从句名词句用作宾语的从句叫宾语从句。引导宾语从句的关联词与引导主语从句表语从句的关联词大致一样，在句中可以作谓语动词或介词及非谓语动词的宾语。1. 由连接词that引导的宾语从句由连接词that引导宾语从句时，that在句中不担任任何成分，在口语或非正式的文体中常被省去，但如从句是并列句时,第二个分句前的that不可省注意：在demand、order、suggest、decide、insist, desire, request, command等表示要求、命令、建议、决定等意义的动词后，宾语从句常用“（should）+ 动词原形”。2. 用who，whom, which, whose, what, when, where, why, how, whoever, whatever, whichever等关联词引导的宾语从句相当于特殊疑问句，应注意句子语序要用陈述语序。3. 用whether或if引导的宾语从