英语自主招生：2010五校联考试题.doc

第十讲 2010五校联考2010 年五校合作自主选拔通用基础测试英 语Section I ReadingPart ARead the following text. Choose the best word or phrase for each numbered blank. (30 points) Learning theorists emphasize the role of environmental influences in shaping the way a person develops. _1_ their view, child development is guided by both deliberate and _2_ learning experiences in the home, peer group, school, and community. Therefore, childhood growth is significantly _3_ by the efforts of parents, teachers, and others to _4_ children in desirable ways. According to learning theories, the same _5_ that explain how people can use a bicycle or computer also explain how children acquire social skills, emotional self-control, reasoning strategies, and the _6_ skills of walking and running.One kind of learning occurs whe a childs actions are _7_ by a reward or punishment. A reward increases the probability that behavior will be repeated. For example, a young child may _8_ draw pictures because she receives praise from her parents after _9_ each one. A punishment decreases the probability that behavior will be repeated. For example, a child who touches a hot stove and burns his fingertips is not _10_ to touch the stove again._11_ kind of learning, classical conditioning, occurs when a person makes a _12_ association between two events. For example, babies begin sucking when they are put in a familiar nursing _13_, children fear dogs whose barking has startled them in the past. A third kind of learning _14_ of imitating the behavior of others. A boy may acquire his fathers _15_ of talking, his mothers tendency to roll her eyes, and his favorite basketball players moves _16_ the court. In doing so, he also acquires _17_ about the consequences of these behaviors.Learning theories provide extremely useful ways of understanding how developmental changes in behavior and thinking _18_ and, for some children, why behavior problems arise. These theories can be studied scientifically and practically applied. Critics point out, _19_, that learning theorists sometimes neglect childrens _20_ role in their own understanding and development.1. A For B From C In D With2. A unintended B uninvolved C undiscovered D unlimited3. A achieved B created C developed D shaped4. A moralize B recognize C socialize D standardize5. A considerations B instructions C principles D tendencies6. A physical B personal C original D technical7. A directed B followed C pursued D tracked8. A continuously B immediately C occasionally D regularly9. A completing B fulfilling C handling D obtaining10. A liable B likely C possible D ready11. A Another B Next C One D Other12. A emotional B intellectual C mental D spiritual13. A condition B location C posture D situation14. A contains B consists C comprises D composes15. A custom B means C type D style16. A over B on C in D at17. A estimations B evaluations C explorations D expectations18. A appear B emerge C exist D occur19. A accordingly B however C moreover D therefore20. A active B dominant C positive D socialPart BIn the following article, some sentences or paragraphs have been removed. For questions 21 to 25, choose the most suitable one from the list A-F to fit into each of the numbered gaps. There is ONE which does not fit in any of the gaps. (15 points) Horror stories about the food industry have long been with us ever since 1906, when Upton Sinclairs landmark novel The Jungle told some ugly truths about how America produces its meat. In the century that followed, things got much better, and in some ways much worse. The U.S. agricultural industry can now produce unlimited quantities of meat and grains at remarkably cheap prices. But it does so at a high cost to the environment, animals and humans. 21.E. Add to the price tag the acceleration of global warming our energy-intensive food system uses 19% of U.S. fossil fuels, more than any other sector of the economy.And perhaps worst of all, our food is increasingly bad for us, even dangerous. 22.B A food system that generates cheap, filling food at the expense of healthier produce is also a major cause of Americas widespread obesity. At a time when the nation is close to a civil war over health-care reform, obesity adds $147 billion a year to our doctor bills. “The way we farm now is destructive of the soil, the environment and us,” says Doug Gurian-Sherman, a senior scientist with the food and environment program at the Union of Concerned Scientists.23.A Film documentaries like the highly critical Food Inc. and the work of investigative journalists like Eric Schlosser and Michael Pollan are repeating Sinclairs work, awakening a sleeping public to the uncomfortable realities of how we eat. Change is also coming from the very top. First Lady Michelle Obamas White House garden has so far yielded more than 225 lb. of organic produce and tons of powerful symbolism. 24.C Sustainable food is also more expensive than conventional food and harder to find. And while large companies like General Mills have opened organic divisions, there is worry that the very definition of sustainability will be used by those companies only for their own good.But we cant afford to remain in philosophizing about food. With the exhaustion of the soil, the impact of global warming and the inevitably rising price of oil which will affect everything from fertilizer to supermarket electricity bills our industrial style of food production will end sooner or later. 25.F Unless Americans radically rethink the way they grow and consume food, they face a future of damaged farmland, emptied-out countryside, terrifying germs, higher health costsand tasteless diet. Sustainable food has an litist reputation, but each of us depends on the soil, animals and plants and as every farmer knows, if you dont take care of your land, it cant take care of you.A Some Americans are paying attention to such warnings and working to transform the way the country eats farmers who are raising sustainable food in ways that dont bankrupt the earth. B A series of recalls involving polluted foods this year including a case of salmonella poisoning from tainted peanuts that killed at least eight people and sickened 600 has consumers rightly worried about the safety of their meals. C But, despite increasing public awareness, sustainable agriculture remains a tiny enterprise: according to the most recent data from the U.S. Department of Agriculture, less than 1% of American cropland is farmed organically. D And when the rains come, the excess fertilizer that helped to take so much corn out of the ground will be washed into the Mississippi River and down into the Gulf of Mexico, where it will help kill fish for miles and miles around. E Those hidden prices are the gradual damage of our rich farmland, cages for egg-laying chickens so packed that the birds cant even raise their wings and the horrible rise of antibiotic-resistant bacteria among farm animals. F As the developing world grows richer, hundreds of millions of people will want to shift to the same calorie-heavy, protein-rich diet that has made Americans so unhealthy demand for meat and poultry worldwide is set to rise 25% by 2015 but the earth can no longer deliver. Part C26. Read the following text and summarize it in Chinese. You should write approximately 200 characters. (20 points) Word travels quickly in the small fishing village of Port Washington, Wisconsin. So when Mardy McGarry wanted to build a playground for kids with special needs, she knew it wouldnt take long to create interest in the project. But she never expected that 2,800 people a third of the town would roll up their sleeves and use their vacation days to bring her vision to life.“A lot of learning comes through play,” says McGarry, 52, a special education teacher for 28 years. But her students were too often left out. Shed seen the wood chips and sand of traditional playgrounds stop wheelchairs dead in their tracks. McGarry started researching play equipment and contacting design firms. When a piece of land became available, the city council agreed to give a portion for a playground if she would build it. McGarry asked classrooms of kids for their wish list.“They all said pirate ships,” she says. She also asked physical, occupational, and speech specialists for their input. And she brought on board her friend Sue Mayer, whose eight-year-old son, Sam, is disabled. “Neither of us is good at math, which is why $450,000 didnt sound like a lot of money,” McGarry says of the initial estimate. Her Kiwanis Club came through with $7,000, and thats when the grass-roots movement really got started. One woman gave $25,000 and had her company match it. Soon smaller businesses were joining in. Families bought wood blocks for the fence at $30 apiece. Bricks for the walkways went for $50 to $750 each. There were silent money-raising activities, T-shirt sales, a coin drive, and a run-walk-and-roll-a-thon. The local Pieper Family Foundation offered to donate half of the remaining $170,000 balance if McGarry could raise the rest.The $450,000 covered materials, but the actual construction would cost an additional $900,000. Out of the question. But the community could build it. The design firm theyd selected, Leathers & Associates, had sent a 164-page how-to binder. All McGarry needed now was 500 volunteers to work six 12-hour days.On September 16, 2008, the first day of construction, they came. Two women heard about the project from a friend on the way to work and took the day off to help.A couple in their 80s manned the tool trailer. Ten-year-olds sanded surfaces and cleared up wood pieces.“It was truly an amazing week,” says McGarry. “The site looked like an anthill. So many people can take ownership of this playground.”Only three “build captains,” sent by Leathers & Associates, were paid. Volunteers with “build experience” became coordinators, those who could operate power tools formed a separate group, and so on down to the “runners.” One team served meals donated from local restaurants and churches, and another organized activities for the children of volunteers.Today, Possibility Playground is one of the most popular destinations in Ozaukee County. The finished wonderland, the length of a football field, sits on a slope overlooking Lake Michigan. Theres a giant rocking pirate ship, a lighthouse, a rock-climbing wall, high and low rings, monkey bars, palm drums, sandboxes, swings, slides, bridges, and slip roads.All children play shoulder to shoulder. “Its neat to see Tori fitting in,” says Charlene Landing of her five-year-old wheelchair-bound daughter. “Some playgrounds have special equipment in a different section. Here, you see all the kids on the same playground having fun.”Its exactly what McGarry wished for. “People used to ask, Why do you want to build a playground just for children with disabilities?” she says. “They didnt get it.Its only when you build a playground for children with disabilities that you build one for all children.”本文讲了一个发生在小渔村的故事。主人公是52岁的麦克盖里。她认为孩子在玩中能学到很多。但她的孩子都是残疾人，很少能在一般的游乐场中玩。于是她想建一个正常孩子和残疾孩子都能玩的游乐场。她的想法得到村民的支持，在大家的努力下，“无限可能游乐场”得以建成。在这里，有孩子们喜欢的各种游戏，他们可以自由地玩。当被问及为什么要专为残疾孩子建游乐场时，她解释只有一座专供残疾孩子玩的游乐场，才给所有孩子都带来快乐！Section II WritingPart A27. Translate the following text into English. (10 points) 世界上最容易的事情，莫过于踩着别人的脚印走。这种因循守旧的人，永远不能走别人所没有走过的路，创造别人所没有创造的东西。只有敢于尝试、勇于创新，才能开启新的可能性。The easiest thing for one to do in this world is simply to follow others footsteps. However, people who stick to old ways will never walk on unexplored roads, nor create new things. Only those who are open to new challenge could create something new.Part B28. Write an essay of 150 words in English, which is relevant to the idea conveyed in the Chinese text in Part A of this section. (25 points) I couldnt agree more with idea mentioned abovethe needs to be open to new challenges in order to create something new. The reasons are as follows:构词法：前缀否定前缀anti- anti-revolutiondis- disagreeil- illegalim- impossiblein- ir- irregularmis- mistakenon- nonstopun- unlikely动词前缀en- enlarge sharpen lengthen表示“数字”的前缀bi- bilingualtwi- twintri- triangle表示“超越，超过”的前缀super- supermanextra- extra workout- outweighover- overworksemi- semifinalhemi- hemispherefore- forehead foreseeinter- international interactionkilo- kilometermini- minimamicro- microwavere- returnunder- undergroundvice- vice assistantco- cooperationmid- Mid-autumn Festivalmulti- multichoice后缀名词后缀 -er -or-ness -tion -ation action-ure creature-hood childhood adulthood-ing-ee trainer trainee franchiser franchisee-ility-ism individualism socialism capitalism-ment entertainment amusement-ty twenty thirty-ship friendship relationship-ese Chinese Japanese-ist specialist scientist-ian-ance performance-ity形容词后缀-ful thankful-less-ive active creative imaginative-ly motherly fatherly friendly monthly yearly-able imaginable-al-ed surprised-ing surprising-ic -ish selfish-like alike-some troublesome-ous-ible-ical-ious副词后缀-ly动词后缀-ize-ify-ise-en-yze -yse analyse数词后缀-teen-ty-th同步练习：(A)As a young man, Al was a skilled artist, a potter with a wife and two fine sons. One night, his older son 1 a severe stomachache. Thinking it was only some 2 intestinal(肠道) disorder, neither I nor his wife took the condition very 3. But the boy died suddenly that night.Knowing the death 4 if he had only realized the seriousness of the situation, he always felt he was guilty.5 his wife left him a short time later, leaving him 6 with his six-year-old younger son. The hurt and pain of the two situations were 7 Al could stand, and he turned to alcohol for help.8 Al became an alcoholic.As the alcoholism progressed, Al began to lose 9 he possessed-his land, house, etc. Finally Al 10 alone in a small bar. Hearing of Als death, I thought, “What a totally 11 life! What a complete failure!” As time 12 , I began to re-value my earlier rough 13. I knew Als now adult son, Ernie.He is one of the kindest, 14 and most loving men I have ever known.I saw the love between Ernie and his children, thinking that kindness and caring had to come from 15.I hadnt heard Ernie talked much about his father .One day, I 16 my courage to ask him what on earth his father had done 17 he became such a special person. Ernie said quietly, “As a child until I left home at 18, Al came into my room every night, gave me 18 and said, I love you, son. ”Tears came to my eyes as I realized what 19 I had been to judge Al as a failure. He had not left any 20 behind.But he had been a kind loving father, and left behind his best love.1. A. produced B. developed C. discovered D. explored2. A. common B. strange C. unusual D. unknown3. A. for granted B. regularly C. particularly D. seriously4. A. could have been prevented B. should have taken placeC. must have been stopped D. would be avoided5. A. To tell the truth B. To begin with C. To make matters worse D. To be exact6. A. along B. alone C. lonely D. single7. A. rather B. other than C. more than D. less than8. A. For a time B. In time C. By the time D. In no time9. A. something B. nothing C. everything D. some thing10. A. got drunk B. gave up drinking C. regretted his drinking D. died11. A. honored B. disappointed C. suffered D. wasted12. A. went on B. went by C. went away D. went down13. A. idea B. opinion C. thinking D. judgment14. A. most clever B. most caring C. very fine D. most special15. A. somewhere B. everywhere C. anywhere D. nowhere16. A. held up B. broke up C. worked up D. joined up17. A. in order that B. so that C. now that D. on condition that18. A. a kiss B. a gift C. a story D. a suggestion19. A. a cheat B. a wise man C. a lie teller D. a fool20. A. spiritual wealth B. material possessions C. debts D. good things部分试题解析：1.develop “患病，出问题”之意，produce为“生产、出产、制造”等意思，本文指孩子得了严重的肠炎，应该用develop。2.从上下文可知，我们把孩子的严重(severe)肠炎当成了一般的(common)肠道疾病，所以就没有把它当回事，才有下文孩子的死和父母的后悔。4.本句为Al对孩子的马虎而造成的不可挽回的损失的后悔，是对过去的虚拟与假设，“如果当时认识到事态的严重性，孩子的死是可以避免的。”5. “更糟糕的是，他妻子也离他而去，只留下六岁的小儿子与他相依为命”，“to make matters worse”相当于“whats worse”,更糟糕的是；“to tell the truth”说实话；“to be exact”准确的说。7. Al的大儿子与妻子的去世这两件事带来的痛苦与伤害超乎了Al的承受(能力)，所以用比较结构。8. in time意思是“sooner or later; in the end ”; for a time “短时间内，暂时”;in no time意思是“very quickly, at once, right away”.9.从上下文看，酗酒要钱，Al失去了他所有的家产，而不是一些东西(something)或某件东西(some thing).11.从下一句可知，我认为Al的一生是失败的，白活了。C选项虽然是事实，但我此时对Al并没有同情之意。12.时间的过去可用“go by”或“pass”等。而go on指时间的推进。13.上文是我对Al的一生的“断定”，从文章最后一段第一句话，也可以推断出。14.从下一句的kindness和caring可以推断出此空的最佳选项。D选项是对具有所有好品质的Ernie的笼统说法，A选项的聪明是天生的，且不属于品质范畴。15.我认为Ernie的这些好的品质一定来自于某处。16. “work sth. up”意思是“increase sth in number or strength”,此处为“鼓足勇气”;“hold sth. /sb. up”意思是“put sth./sb. as an ex